Kumayambiriro kwa nyengoyi, ambiri okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe akuyang'ana mitundu yonse yatsopano ya nkhaka zomwe sizikanasowa chisamaliro chapadera ndipo zingapereke zokolola zolimba.
Koma vuto likhoza kuchitika pamene mukulima mbewuyi mu greenhouses. Ndipotu, mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka imafuna pollination ndi njuchi, ndi momwe mungachitire pobisala?
Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi kukula kwa nkhaka zokhala ndi mungu, zomwe zimakhala ndi pistil komanso stamen, kotero zimatha kudzipitsa mungu.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mitunduyi ndi yabwino kwambiri kubzala koyambirira pamene mukufuna kuti muzikhala ndi nkhaka zatsopano musanafike masamba awa.
Dzina ndi ndondomeko ya oimira bwino a nkhaka zosiyanasiyanazi zitha kupezeka apa.
Zosiyanasiyana "Claudia"
Wophatikiza, wodzipukuta mungu. Mtundu wa maluwa ndi wamkazi, zipatso zopitirira 3 zimapangidwa mu mfundo imodzi. Tchire timasambira kwambiri, masamba pa mphukira si ochuluka kwambiri.
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimatchuka kuti zipatso zoyamba zipsa nthawi yomweyo. Kulima ndi kotsika kwambiri ndipo ndi 25 - 27 makilogalamu.
Pakatikati pa oyambirira, wosakaniza mbeu kumera asanayambe fruiting kumatenga masiku 50 mpaka 25. Zipatso ndi elliptical-cylindrical, kutalika kufika 10-12 masentimita, mulemera amapeza 65-90 g.
Pamwamba ndi lumpy, ndi white pubescence. Mnofu kapena ngodya ya ululu zimapereka, koma zimakhala ndi kukoma kokoma ndi fungo losangalatsa. Pakati pa zipatso pali kulemera kwakukulu ndi kukula kwake.
Nkhaka za zosiyanasiyanazi sizimatuluka, choncho yaying'ono yachisa mu kukolola imaloledwa. Chipinda ndi zipatso sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ambiri a nkhaka, chifukwa chake zokolola zili zazikulu.
Popeza nkhakazi ndizochepa, zimakhala zokwanira kuti zigwedezeke m'mabanki. Mukhozanso kudya zipatso zatsopano, komanso kudya.
Mitundu imeneyi idzakhazikika mu nthaka iliyonse. Muyenera kuyamba ndi kulima mbande, ngakhale kuti nyengo yofunda kapena yotenthedwa, kutentha mbewu kumatha kuchitidwa pansi.
Ngati mukufuna kukula tchire kuti mupeze nthawi yokolola, ndiye kuti sitepe ya kukolola ingatheke. Kuzama kwa mbeu zagona ndi zachilendo (1.5 - 2 cm). Mbande yosamalira ndi yachilendo. Kuyika mbewu kwa mbande kungatheke kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April, ndipo tchire likhoza kukhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa May.
Zomerazi sizomwe zimakhala zosamvetsetseka muchisamaliro, kotero kulima kwa zomera izi sizowononga nthawi. Ndikwanira kuthirira zitsamba nthawi zonse, kuthira manyowa, kumasula, ndi kuphimba impso ndi mulch.
Mukhozanso kuwombera mphukira pa trellis kusiyana ndi kukonza zokolola.
Zosiyanasiyana "Zozulya"
Zophatikiza. Ponena za kuphuka kumagwa pansi pa gulu la masiku amodzi (45 - 48 masiku). Mtundu wa maluwa a maluwa. Mitengo yokha imapanga mphukira pamtunda, choncho tchire sitifunika kudulira.
Zipatso za mawonekedwe a cylindrical, kwazitali (14 - 24 masentimita) ndi zolemera kwambiri (160 - 290 g). Pamwamba pa Zelentsi muli ndi zingapo za ma tubercles, ndipo zosawerengeka ndizochepa. Komanso pa peel pali mapiritsi ang'onoang'ono a mtundu woyera.
Zosakaniza "Zozulya" zimakhala ndi zipatso zabwino zomwe sizilawa zowawa. Mitengo imabereka zipatso yaitali, molimbika komanso panthawi yomweyo. Kulima ndi kotsika kwambiri - 17-30 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi.
Kukolola kwachuma ndibwino kwambiri. Zipatso zingathe kudyetsedwa mwatsopano komanso zamzitini ndi zophika. Kachilomboka kameneka kamateteza kuyamwa kwa maolivi, komanso mavitamini achikasu.
Mukhoza kulima zomera zimenezi m'mabotchi ndi kumunda. Chifukwa cha kudzikonda, mukhoza kukula tchire mukutentha kwakukulu, kotero mukhoza kuyembekezera kupeza nthawi yokolola.
Onetsetsani kuti mukukula mbande, zomwe zidzakula zomera zazikulu. Zinthu za mbewu, ndipo kenako - ndi mbande, zikhale zomasuka monga momwe mbande zingathere. Mukamabzala pamalo amodzi, mutha kubzala mbeu 2.5 - 3.
Ndikusowa nthawi zambiri amathirira tchire madzi kutentha, komanso kuthirira mbeu kuti mbeu ikhale ndi zoyembekeza. Chifukwa chakuti tchire lawo limachepetsa nthambi zawo, safunikanso kutsitsa ndi kubereka. Kawirikawiri, kusamalira mtundu uwu ndi wamba.
Kalasi "Banja lapamtima"
Mbewu yoyamba yayitali, zipatso zoyamba zikhoza kuchotsedwa ku tchire patatha masiku 43 mpaka 48 mbeu zitakula. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya munguyo ndi yabwino kuti ikule mu malo obiriwira. Tchire ndi kukula kwake, palibe mphukira zambiri zowonjezera, maluwa ambiri ndi azimayi.
Matango awa zimakhudzana ndi dothi, chifukwa pa mphukira yaikulu 2 - 4 mazira oyambirira amapangidwira, ndipo pamapeto pake zimayambira - pa 6 - 8 mazira. Zipatso zimakhala zowonongeka, zobiriwira zobiriwira, mpaka 12 cm kutalika, ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha hillocks ndi white pubescence. Palibe pepala kapena thupi limapereka mkwiyo mu kulawa, koma kukhala ndi fungo losangalatsa ndi lokoma.
Kulima ndi kotsika kwambiri - 17-20 makilogalamu pa bedi la mita imodzi. Pogwiritsira ntchito, nkhaka za mtundu uwu zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusonkhanitsa pickles, koma zipatsozi ziyenera kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 4-6. Mukhozanso kusokoneza zakudya zanu ndi zipatso zatsopano, zophika kapena zamzitini za mtundu uwu.
Zitsamba zimapereka zokolola mosamalitsa komanso panthawi imodzimodzi, komanso kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri a tizilombo ndi tizilombo. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake, nkhaka zimenezi zimagulitsidwa.
Popeza kuti haibridiyi inamera kuti ikhale ndi zomera zobiriwira, mbewu sizingakhoze kukula, koma zofesedwa mwamsanga pansi. Koma njira yopanda mbewu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha pamene wowonjezera kutentha ndikutentha. Pa nthawi yomweyi ndizotheka kufesa patsogolo pa nthawi yokolola.
Ngati mwasankha kukula mbande, ndiye kuti mukufunika kukhazikitsa zikhalidwe zabwino (kutentha ndi kuwala), komanso kusamala bwino (madzi, manyowa, kuthamanga). Kuwaza mbande kungakhale pakati pa mwezi wa April, ndipo ngati nyengo ili yabwino, izi zikhoza kuchitika kale.
Zophatikiza sikufuna chisamaliro chapaderaChoncho, kumakhala kokwanira kuthirira madzi nthawi zonse, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, kulima ndi kukulitsa nthaka. Ngati ndi kotheka, tchire amafunika kutsina ndi kutsinja, kuti njira ya fruiting isayambe mochedwa.
Ngati tchire ndi champhamvu, ndipo zipatso sizinapangidwe, ndiye ndiye kuti muyenera kuchita izi. Kudutsa tchire kumafunika kuti pakhale kuchepetsa katundu.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu yabwino ya nkhaka za greenhouses.
Zosiyanasiyana "Gerda"
Wosakanizidwa, amalowa mu fructed masiku 45 mpaka 50 mbeu zitakula. Tchire ndi zamphamvu kwambiri, zimakhala ndi mphukira zambiri, maluwa ndi amtundu wazimayi, imatchula matumba (3 mpaka 5 mavairasi amapanga mfundo).
Zipatso zing'onozing'ono (8-10 masentimita yaitali, 70-75 g kulemera kwake), zowoneka bwino, zofiira-thotho, ndi minga yoyera, mtundu wobiriwira ndi mikwingwirima yonyezimira.
Gherkin wosakanizidwa "Gerd" Osakhudzidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya powdery mildew. Zitsamba za zosiyanasiyanazi zimabereka zipatso (7-9 makilogalamu pamtunda mita), ndipo nkhaka sizitha kuwonjezereka kapena kusintha.
Nkhaka zili ndi kukoma kwabwino, komabe kusungira kapena pickling, zokonda sizimasokonekera, ndipo zinyama sizinapangidwe mu chipatso.
Zitsamba za hybrid iyi zidzakhazikika mu malo omasuka ndi otetezedwa. Kufesa mbewu za mbande zikhoza kuchitika pakati pa mwezi wa March - oyambirira April. N'zotheka kusamalira mbande ndi njira zowonongeka, ndiko kusunga madzi ndi mineral mu nthaka, komanso kubzala nthawi.
Mukhoza kugwetsa mbande zomwe zimakula miphika kwa masiku osachepera 35. Ndikofunika kudzala tchire mochepa, zomwe zimapanga 2 - 3 mapaundi pa mita imodzi ya bedi.
Kuphweka kwa tchire mu chisamaliro kumapangitsa kuti tisakhale ndi khama lalikulu pa kulima zomera izi. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, zomwe zingakhale zokwanira kuti mugwiritse ntchito komanso kugulitsa.
Ayenera kukhala kusintha madzi okwanira nthawi zonse, feteleza ndi mchere ndi feteleza, zomwe ndi zofunika kuphatikiza ndi ulimi wothirira, komanso kudulira ndi kudulira zomera.
Zosiyanasiyana "Spring"
Kuchiritsidwa koyambirira, chipatso cha chipatsochi chimachitika patatha masiku 37 mpaka 43 mutakula. Zitsamba sredneroslye, pangani masitepe angapo, ndi maluwa aakazi.
Malo a losunga mazira mtengo. Zipatso zimakhala zowonongeka, zochepa (masentimita 7-8), polemera phindu 65-80 g, ndi pang'ono pokha la ma tubercles ndi bareese pubescence. Mu tsinde la nkhaka mdima wobiriwira, ndi kumbali inayo - kuwala kobiriwira.
Zosangalatsa zimayesedwa ngati zabwino kwambiri, zipatso siziri zowawa, ngakhale zitakhala zosavuta. Zokolola ndi zapamwamba - 11-17 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse. mita
Mtundu uwu sulimbana ndi matenda ovuta, amatha kupanga zokolola zoyambirira za khalidwe lapamwamba, komanso kumatulutsa nthawi yaitali (mpaka autumn).
Pa nthawi yonse ya fruiting, mutha kukhala ndi nthawi yokolola 2 - katatu. Popeza nkhaka za zosiyanasiyana ndi gherkins, iwo ndi angwiro kuti amweke mitsuko yaing'ono, komanso kupanga pickles. Kuonjezerapo, iwo akhoza kudyetsedwa mwatsopano ndi kuzifota.
Zimalangizidwa kukula mbande pasadakhale, ndipo chisamaliro cha iwo ndi wamba. Musanagwetse mbande, ayenera kukula masiku makumi anayi m'miphika yambiri. Wosakanizidwayi akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu malo ogulitsira zomera ndi kunja.
Pakuika pamalo otseguka, ndi bwino kuphimba tchire kwa kanthawi kochepa, ngati pali mpata kuti nyengo iwonongeke. Chida cholowera - 50x60 masentimita.
Masamba akuluakulu saopa kutentha kwamasinthasintha, koma ngati kusintha kwakukulu kwa nyengo kumatetezedwa bwino. Kuthirira ndi feteleza ndi kofunika kuphatikiza, koma kubwezeretsedwa kwa kusowa kwa chinyezi kumachitika nthawi zambiri kuposa feteleza.
Paceniks amapangidwira bwino, kotero palibe chifukwa chokhalira. Pangakhale kusowa kozazitsa tchire.
Kalasi "Angel Angel"
Zophatikiza mid-nyengo. Fruiting imayamba masiku 50 mpaka 55 pambuyo pa mphukira yoyamba. Indeterminate baka, kukula bwino, ndimalola zambiri, ndi maluwa a mitundu yonse ndi mtundu wopanga mazira. Masamba pa mphukira ali okwanira, masambawo ali ndi mdima wobiriwira, mtundu wamakono ndi makwinya pang'ono.
Zipatsozi zimakhala zooneka bwino, zobiriwira zobiriwira, zoyera, zofiira pang'ono, ndi white pubescence. Zelentsy yaying'ono - 9 - 11 cm m'litali ndi 90 g kulemera kwake. Mitengo imabereka zipatso kwambirindi zoyenera. mamita akhoza kusonkhanitsidwa kuchokera pa 12 mpaka 15 makilogalamu a nkhaka.
Zipatso zimakhala ndi zokoma, zonse zomwe zimayambitsidwa komanso zoyendetsedwa bwino, komanso zimakhala ndi malonda abwino. Zomera sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda ambiri a nkhaka.
Chosakanizidwa ichi chakonzedwa kuti chikalidwe mu malo obiriwira, kotero ngati chimbudzi chofunda bwino, nyumba yobzala mbewu ingathetsedwe, ndikufesa mbewu mwachindunji pansi. Kusamalira mbande mulimonsemo kulibe zinthu komanso kusiyana pakati pa tchire la mitundu ina. Chida cholowera: 50x50 cm.
Zidzakhala zokwanira kuti zomera izi zikhale zowonjezera komanso zowonjezera, komanso kavalidwe kawiri kawiri kuti masewerawa asadandaule ndi zokolola. Popeza tchire ndizabwino, n'zotheka kukulitsa pa chithandizo kusiyana ndi kukolola zipatso mosavuta.
Mu malo otsekedwa, ndizofunikira kupanga mankhwala ochiza matenda ndi fungicides motsutsana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Kalasi "April"
Zophatikiza. Pakatikati-nyengo - masiku 45 mpaka 50 ndi kofunika kuti tchire tilowemo fruiting.
Mitengo yowonjezereka, ikhoza kudziletsa pokhazikitsa ndondomeko yopanga masitepe. Zipatso zikuluzikulu, zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 22, ndipo mulemera phindu 200-250 g, zimakhala zozungulira.
Pamwamba pamakhala ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha ma tubercles akuluakulu omwe ali ndi ma spikes oyera. Nyerere ndi yobiriwira, ndipo thupi ndi lobiriwira.
Zipatso sizingakhoze kutembenuka chikasu ngakhale dzuwa. Kukoma kwabwino kwambiri, ngakhale peel kapena thupi sikumapweteka. Kulima ndi kotsika kwambiri - mu zinthu zabwino kuchokera pa 1 lalikulu. Mabedi a mamita mungathe kusonkhanitsa pafupifupi 30 makilogalamu zipatso!
Mtundu wosakanizidwa umapulumuka kusintha kwa kutentha, ndipo sikumakhudzidwa ndi matenda onse, kupatula mizu yovunda. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi maonekedwe abwino kwambiri a chipatso, komanso kuti imapatsa mbewu nthawi yomweyo. Cholinga cha nkhaka izi ndi chilengedwe chonse.
N'zotheka kuyamba kulima tchire kuchokera ku rassadny, ndi njira yopanda mbewu. Wosakanizidwa wapangidwa kuti azitha kuswana pamalo otetezedwa. Kusamalira mbande bwinobwino. Kuzama kwa mbeu zagona - 3-4 masentimita. Chizolowezi chodzala ndi 50x50 cm.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yodzichepetsa, choncho nthawi zambiri imakhalabe yopanda chinyezi kapena feteleza. Miyeso ya kukula zomera ndi yachibadwa. Amafuna mankhwala ambiri pa matenda.
Mukhoza kuona kuti nkhaka zokhala ndi mungu wochepa sizikhala zovuta, choncho musankhe mitundu yokongola kwambiri ndikuzikulitsa m'mabedi anu.
