Mbatata zowonongeka ku America: zofotokozera zosiyanasiyana, chithunzi, malingaliro

Mbatata America ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri zakale zomwe zakhala zikudziwika kuchokera kwa wamaluwa-amateurs ndi alimi-amalonda.

Mbatata ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wokongola wa tubers, wosakhwima zamkati, zakudya zam'mimba zokhudzana ndi ma caloric. Chisamaliro cha tchire sichiri chovuta, ndipo zokolola zimakondweretsa ngakhale oyamba kumene.

Werengani m'nkhani yathu momwe mukufotokozera zosiyana siyana, zodziwa bwino za mbatata, phunzirani chithunzi chake, phunzirani zonse zokhudzana ndi matenda ndi zizindikiro za kulima.

Mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana a mbatata ku America

• Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizomwe zimakhala zazikulu, zolemera kuyambira 80 mpaka 110 g;
• mawonekedwe otalika-oval, ophwanyika pang'ono;
• Ziphuphu zabwino zogwirizana ndi kulemera ndi kukula;
• peel ndi pinki, monophonic, yoonda, yosalala;
• zosaoneka, zazing'ono, maso ambiri;
• Mphuno padulidwa ndi yoyera, kupanga mapuloteni a violet-pink pigment ndi kotheka;
• mkulu wokhutira, osachepera 15%;
• zakudya zamapulotini, amino acid, vitamini.

Zizindikiro za mbatata

Mbatata American imatanthauzira chipinda chodyera, chamkati. Tizilombo timakula bwino, tchire tikukula mofulumira. Zosiyanasiyana zimakonda nyengo yozizira kwambiri mpweya wabwinokoma amatha kulekerera kutentha kwa nthawi yochepa ndi chilala.

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungameretse mbatata, nthawi komanso momwe mungapangire kudya, momwe mungachitire mutabzala.

Mu tebulo ili m'munsiyi mukhoza kudziwa zizindikiro monga khalidwe ndi zokolola za mbatata za mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

Kololani bwino, zotheka ndi zotheka.

Chitsamba chamtali, chimakhazikika, chimakhala chamtundu. Kupanga mtundu wobiriwira ndi wochuluka. Masamba ndi osakanikirana, osakanikirana, obiriwira, owala. Chotsitsacho chimapangidwa ndi maluwa aakulu oyera. Zipatso sizinapangidwe.

Zimamera pa tubers ndi zofiirira. Mzuwu wapangidwa bwino, 10-15 osankhidwa tubers amapangidwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Zinthu zosasinthika pang'ono.

Mukhoza kuyerekeza chiwerengerochi mofanana ndi mitundu ina pogwiritsa ntchito tebulo ili pansipa:

Mbatata akhoza kuchulukana zigawo zosiyana ndi maso, zomwe zimapulumutsa zokolola. Zosiyanasiyana zimakonda nthaka yopatsa thanzi, zochokera ku chernozem kapena mchenga, moyenera kuthirira ndi organic kapena mchere zowonjezera mavitamini.

Tubers ali ndi zokoma kwambiri: wofatsa, wololera, osati wouma osati madzi. Zakudya zowonjezera zambiri zimapangitsa mbatata yoyenera kupanga mbatata yosenda, stewing, otentha.

Kuti apange mafrimu a French si abwino. Pamene kudula mbatata sikukhala mdima, zamkati zimakhala ndi mtundu wa shuga.

Chithunzi

Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa mitundu ya mbatata ya America:

Chiyambi

American - dzina lotchuka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoyambirira ya Rose, yomwe inalumikizidwa mu 1861 ndi obereketsa ku United States. Ku Russia, mitunduyi inadziwika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, inayesedwa ndipo idakonzedwanso ku kulima mafakitale.

Pambuyo pa kusintha, mbatata zinalimbikitsidwa kulima pa minda yampingo ndi boma, iye adawonetsa zokolola zambiri ndi kudzichepetsa. Amaperekera Voronezh, Penza, Kursk, kumadera a Tomsk, akukula bwino m'madera ena.

Masiku ano, zosiyanasiyana zimagawidwa pakati pa amaluwa wamaluwa, zakula pamapulazi ndi m'makampani. Yaikulu, ngakhale tubers Zasungidwa nthawi yaitali komanso zogulitsa.

Werengani zambiri za kusungirako mbatata: nthawi ndi kutentha, zovuta. Komanso momwe mungasungire mizu m'nyengo yozizira, pa khonde, m'firiji, muzitsulo, peeled.

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Kwa waukulu zoyenera za zosiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo:

• kukoma kwake kwa mizu mbewu;
• khalidwe labwino;
• zokolola zimasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali;
• kulekerera kwa chilala;
• chisamaliro;
• mbewu zakutchire sizikutha;
• kukana matenda ambiri.

Kuipa zosiyana sizidziwika. Vuto lingakhale lodziwika ndi vuto lochedwa, ndipo kuonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumabweretsa mavuto.

Zizindikiro za kukula

Mbatata kalasi ya ku America Ndizotheka kuchulukitsa ndi maso. Mitundu ikuluikulu ya tubers imakonzedwa ndi kukula kowonjezera ndipo kenako imadulidwa m'magulu ndi mpeni wotetezedwa ndi disinfected. Kubzala kumachitika pamene dothi liri lotentha mokwanira. M'mazira ozizira, utakula maso akhoza kuvunda.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowala, yowonjezera. Musanabzala izo zimamera ndi humus kapena peat. Pa zingwe za tubers, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti mizu idye ndi diluted mullein kapena potaziyamu yopezeka mchere feteleza.

Mitengo imayenera kuunjika maulendo 2 pa nyengo. Namsongole amachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kuti mukhale ndi chinyezi chabwino pakati pa mizere ingakhale mulch. Kupaka ulimi wothirira kulimbikitsidwa. Ngati bungwe lake silingatheke, kubzala 2-3 nthawi pa nyengo kumathiridwa ndi dzanja, ndi nthaka ikuwombera pafupifupi masentimita 50.

Kwazomera zotsatila, mbuzi zina zimasankhidwa kuchokera ku zitsamba zamphamvu, zowonjezereka zomwe sizinapezenso. Pa kulima, amadziwika ndi nthiti, atakumba, mbewu za tubers zimachotsedwa, zouma ndi kusungidwa mosiyana.

Momwe mungamere mbatata popanda hilling ndi weeding, werengani apa.

Kuwonjezera pa fetereza mu kulima mbatata nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi mankhwala ena ndi mankhwala.

Timakupatsani nkhani yothandiza phindu ndi ngozi za fungicides ndi herbicides.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Mbatata zosiyanasiyana American ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri oopsa: mavairasi, khansara ya mbatata, nkhanambo. Mwina kugonjetsedwa kwa choipitsa. Pofuna kupewa, tchire amachiritsidwa ndi mkuwa wokonzekera. Kuti zomera zisadwale ndi mwendo wakuda, dothi limakhala ndi udzu kapena udzu.

Werengani komanso za alternaria, Fusarium ndi Verticillium wilt.

Pakatikatikati mwa msewu, tchire tingasokonezeke ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, akangaude, Colorado kafadala. Kupewa kumatetezedwa kuti dothi lisanayambe kutsogolo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mitengo yogwirizana imachizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tisawonongeke ndi tizilombo ta tizilombo, m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse tisinthe minda yobzala. Udzu wa udzu, nyemba, kabichi zidzakhala zotetezera bwino kwambiri za mbatata.

Mbatata za ku America zikuyesedwa ndi mibadwo yambiri; zosiyanasiyana zosawonongeka. Mbewu zakubzala zotsatila zimasonkhanitsidwa padera. Tubers ndi zokoma, zogulitsa kapena ntchito zaumwini.

Ndipo mau ochepa ponena za kulima mbatata, koma m'malo mwa njira. Werengani zambiri zokhudza zipangizo za Dutch, mitundu yoyambirira, njira za pansi pa udzu, m'matumba, m'mbale ndi pamatumba. Komanso za mayiko omwe ali padziko lapansi amakula mbatata zambiri.

Pansi pa tebulo mudzapeza zokhudzana ndi zipangizo za mbatata ndi mawu osiyana: