Kodi kubzala ndi kukula phwetekere Chikondi

Posankha oyambirira ndi pakati-oyambirira mitundu ya tomato, muyenera kumvetsera kwa wosakanizidwa wotchedwa Chikondi F1.

Mtedza wa phwetekerewu udakondana ndi wamaluwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake, zipatso zabwino komanso chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda osiyanasiyana.

Zamkatimu:

• Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola
• Kusankhidwa kwa mbande
• Mavuto akukula
• Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala
• Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
• Matenda ndi kupewa tizilombo
• Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Chikondi cha phwetekere ndi tomato osiyanasiyana oyambirira ndi oyambirira kucha, mtundu wotchuka, womwe umakonzedwa kuti uzilima m'mabwalo otseguka komanso mafilimu.

Mukudziwa? Mitundu imeneyi inakhazikitsidwa mu 2009 ndi obereketsa ku Russia. Chifukwa cha kukoma kwabwino ndi maonekedwe okongola a chipatsocho, mwamsanga unayamba kutchuka pakati pa alimi a masamba.

Nyamayi ndi ya shtamba yomwe imapanga masentimita 120-130. Pakakhala nyengo yotentha imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 150. Chomeracho chimasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba akuluakulu a usinkhu wautali ndi mtundu wa masamba a masamba obiriwira. Inflorescence ndi yophweka. Pa burashi imodzi, monga lamulo, 5-6 maburashi amapangidwa. Burashi yoyamba imapangidwa mu sinus ya wachisanu ndi chiwiri, nthawizina tsamba lachisanu ndi chinayi. Zokolola za masamba abwino kwambiri ndi zoposa 96%.

Zina mwa ubwino waukulu wa wamaluwa wamaluwa akuti:

• kulawa kwa tomato;
• kucha;
• kukana kwa zipatso kukang'onongeka;
• chitetezo champhamvu komanso kukana matenda;
• mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito posankha ndi kusamalira;
• kusamalidwa kuti amwe madzi.

Pamakhala phwetekere, pakati pawo pali:

• zofunika kwa feteleza, makamaka pa kukula;
• zotheka tsamba curliness;
• tsamba lakugwa;
• Kupezeka kovomerezeka kwa kubwezeretsa mosasunthika.

Zipatso makhalidwe ndi zokolola

Wosakanizidwa ali ndi sukulu yoyamba komanso yowerengera ya msinkhu. Pambuyo pa masiku 105-110 pambuyo pa kutha, njira ya fruiting imayamba.

Mitundu ya tomato ya hybrid imaphatikizansopo: "Bokele F1", "Openwork F1", "Masaya ofiira", "Madzi a Khungu", "Golden Stream", "Chikondi Chadziko".

Zipatso za phwetekere Chikondi chimakhala chozungulira, chokhazikika, ndi khungu lamphamvu kwambiri lomwe silingagwedezeke. Mtundu wa phwetekere ndi yunifolomu, yofiira kapena yofiira yamdima, popanda chilichonse chobiriwira pamtunda. Mnofu ndi wolimba, wolimba, wunifolomu, wofiira wofiira, kukoma kwake kosiyana. Ukulu wa chipatso ndi waukulu kwambiri, wofanana, wolemera 200-300 g.Phindu lalikulu la mtunduwo ndi khalidwe lapamwamba la malonda la chipatso. Kawirikawiri zokolola za tomato, kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi, mukhoza kutenga pafupifupi 6 makilogalamu a tomato. Ndi luso lamakono laulimi ku 1 lalikulu. Mtsani 19-20 makilogalamu a tomato. Zipatso za kalasi konsekonse, zangwiro ndi zoyenera zonse zogwiritsiridwa ntchito mwatsopano, ndi kukonzekera zakudya zosiyanasiyana, kuteteza, salting.

Mukudziwa? Tomato ndi achibale a mbatata ndi fodya komanso amakhala a banja losungulumwa.

Kusankhidwa kwa mbande

Mtengo wa mbeu ndi zokolola zake nthawi zambiri zimadalira mbande. Mukasankha, muyenera kumvetsera mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Zaka Ndibwino kuti musankhe zomera zaka zoposa 45-60. Pa nthawi yomweyi pa malo amodzi ayenera kutenga mbande za zaka zofanana.
2. Kutalika Kutalika kwa kutalika kwa chomera ndi 27-30 masentimita. Komanso, chiwerengero cha mapepala pa thunthu sayenera kupitirira zidutswa 6-8.
3. Phesi. Ndi bwino kupatsa mbande ndi tsinde lakuda, lokhazikika, ndi "masamba" a masamba obiriwira.
4. Mizu ya mizu Mzuwu uyenera kukhala wolimba, woboola bwino, wopanda kuwonongeka koonekera, kuvunda ndi zizindikiro za nkhungu.
5. Masamba. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti amvetse mtundu wa masamba ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Mapepala ophwanyika, omwe amawonongeka angasonyeze kukula kwa matenda opatsirana. Kukhalapo kwa mabala a bulauni pamwamba ndi chizindikiro cha matenda osiyanasiyana kapena majeremusi. Masamba obiriwira, osokonezeka pang'ono, amanena kuti chomeracho chinakula mwamsanga mwa kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni feteleza.

Musagulire mbande kuchokera m'zinthu zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri, chifukwa zomera zimatha kuwononga mizu. Sikoyenera kuti tigule zomera kuchokera ku mapepala apulasitiki. Njira yodalirika yogula ndi yochokera kwa anthu otsimikiziridwa, wamaluwa omwe amadziwika bwino kapena m'masitolo apadera. Ndipo yabwino kukula mbande zawo.

Phunzirani momwe mungasankhire nthawi yabwino yobzala phwetekere mbande.

Mavuto akukula

Chikondi cha phwetekere chimakula pamalo otseguka kapena pamalo otentha. Pofuna kubzala, ndi bwino kusankha malo ndi nthaka ndi acidity low, potassium, calcium, nitrogen ndi phosphorous. Ngati mlingo wa acidity uli pansi pa 6.0, ndikulimbikitsanso kuonjezera laimu, ngati chizindikiro chiri choposa 6.8, ndiye kuti m'pofunikira kuti muchepetse nthaka ndi sulphate.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi mizu pa dothi lopangidwa ndi manyowa kapena kompositi, yomwe imapatsa chomera zakudya zomwe zimayenera kukula ndikukula. Ngati nthaka yaying'ono kwambiri, ndiye kuti muwonjezerepo, kuti muyambe kukonza kapangidwe ka mchenga kapena mchenga. Ndi bwino kubzala tomato m'deralo komwe anakulitsa nkhaka, kaloti, parsley, kolifulawa. Kuti kulima phwetekereli kumalimbikitsidwa kusankha malo a dothi popanda dera komanso kukhalapo kwa mphepo zamphamvu. Mukamabzala mu greenhouses, zizindikiro za kutentha ziyenera kukhala + 18-20 ° C.

Ndikofunikira! Kutentha kwa chomera ndi chovulaza chofanana, komanso chisanu, kotero kutentha kumafunikira kuti mutsegule ndi kutsegulira wowonjezera kutentha kwa kanthawi.

Kuti kuwonjezereka ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe chiyenera kugwirizana ndi chinyezi cha 50-60%. Kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi kumabweretsa chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana ndi kuvunda kwa mizu. Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ya kutentha, ndiye kuti mitambo mumdima wowonjezera kuwonjezeredwa kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito nyali zowala.

Kukonzekera mbewu ndi kubzala

Kupeza zokolola zapamwamba kumafuna kulima mbewu zamtengo wapamwamba. Nthawi yabwino yobzala mbewu ndikumapeto kwa March - kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Kukonzekera ndi kosavuta, koma kumafuna malamulo angapo ofunikira:

1. Kusankhidwa kwa mbewu. Mbewu zabwino, zamphamvu zimapezeka pokhapokha kulemera, zokolola zonse. Kuti tipewe nyemba zouma, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa mbeu mu madzi amchere: mbeu zolemetsa zidzatsika, zopanda kanthu zidzasungunuka pamwamba.

2. Chitetezo chokwanira chitonthozo ndi kukonza. Pofuna kuti mbewu izikhala zosavuta kudwala matenda, zimalimbikitsidwa kuzigwira kwa mphindi 20-25 muzowonjezera potassium permanganate. Kenaka, muyenera kuyika mfundozo mu njira yothetsera michere, yomwe ingakhale mankhwala ochizira, mwachitsanzo, madzi a alosi kapena mbatata, kapena kukonzekera malonda - sodium humate, "Appin".
3. Lembani. Mbeu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuikidwa pa nsalu yachabechabe, kumizidwa m'madzi ofunda kutentha kwa + 24-25 ° C ndi kupita kwa maola 12, kusintha madzi nthawi ndi nthawi.

4. Kulemetsa Mbeu zowonongeka zakhala zikugwedezeka. Kuti achite izi, amaikidwa m'firiji kwa maola 12, kenako amatha kutentha kwambiri pa +20 ° C kwa maola 12. Njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwa kangapo.

Pamene kukonzekera kwa mbeu kumatsirizika, muyenera kupitiliza kukwera pansi:

1. Mu chidebe chokonzekera (zotayidwa zikho kapena zida zopangidwa kale) muyenera kudzaza nthaka, yokhala ndi umphawi ndi njira iliyonse yolimbikitsira kukula.
2. Mu nthaka mumayenera kupanga timitsuko tating'ono ndikuyika tirigu umodzi. Fukuta ndi gawo lochepa la nthaka.
3. Chidebe cha mbeu yofesedwa chiyenera kuikidwa pamalo otentha momwe kutentha kumafikira + 25 ° C. Pamwamba, kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha, mphamvuyo ikulimbikitsidwa kutsegula filimuyi.
4. Nthawi ndi nthawi, asanatulukire mphukira, m'pofunika kuti muzitsuka nthaka.
5. Pakuwonekera phokoso filimuyo iyenera kuchotsedwa, ndi mmera kuti ipite ku malo abwino, malo otentha.

Video: Kufesa mbewu za mbande Mwamsanga musanadzalemo mu nthaka kugwiritsira ntchito mphukira. Kuti achite izi, amachotsedwa pamsewu: m'masiku oyambirira ndi maola 1-2, ndiye nthawi ikuwonjezeka ndi ola tsiku ndi tsiku.

Mukudziwa? Ndizodabwitsa kuti zipatso za phwetekere zakutchire sizilemera kuposa 1 g, pomwe zipatso za mitundu yolima zimatha kulemera kwa makilogalamu imodzi.

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira

Kuchokera pakati pa mwezi wa May, mutha kuyamba kubzala mbande pa webusaitiyi. Kubzala kumachitika molingana ndi mwambo wa 4x1, mwachitsanzo, zomera zinayi zabzala pa 1 mita imodzi. Pakati pa tchire, mtunda uyenera kukhala wosachepera 45 masentimita, pakati pa mizere - pafupifupi masentimita 75.

Pambuyo pa masiku 18-20 mutabzala, m'pofunikira kuchita chovala choyamba, njira yabwino yomwe ingakhale yakuda tiyi: 50 malita a madzi, 4 makilogalamu 4-5 a udzu wobiriwira wosweka ayenera kutengedwa, ndipo phulusa ndi mullein ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mumayenera kuthirira mchenga uliwonse, pa mlingo wa chomera chimodzi 1.5 malita odyetsa.

Kuthirira tomato kumachitika masiku 4-5 onse. Kusakaniza nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda, kutentha kosachepera +18 ° C. Imwani tomato mwachindunji pansi pazu, osakhudza masamba, mwinamwake zingayambitse masamba kuti avunda. Pambuyo pa inflorescence yoyamba ikupezeka pa mmera, tsinde liyenera kukhazikitsidwa mu zimayambira ziwiri. Pogwedeza, chotsani masamba otsika, ofooka, owuma, omwe akudya zakudya zomwe zimachokera ku chomera. Masking imabwerezedwa masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pasynkovaniye iyenera kuchitika kokha pamene nyamba yoyamba, yamphamvu ndi yamphamvu yakula pa phwetekere.

Pa nthawi yogwira ntchito, tomato amafunikira makamaka phosphorous ndi potashi zowonjezera. Pamene chipatso choyamba chipatso chimayamba, zokhazokha feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka.

Popeza zipatso za phwetekere ndizolemera kwambiri, chitsamba chiyenera kumangidwa. Monga lamulo, chochitika choterocho chimachitika pambuyo pa zipatso zoyamba zikuwonekera pa chomera. Mangani tomato mwanjira yamba: mothandizidwa ndi zingwe ndi nthiti za nsalu zofewa.

Ndikofunikira! Kunyalanyaza siteji ya zomera zotchedwa garter kungayambitse kubvunda, kusinthasintha kwa chipatso ndipo, motero, kuchepa kwakukulu kwa zokolola.

Matenda ndi kupewa tizilombo

Tomato - zomera zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso tizirombo. Ngakhale kuti chikondi chosiyana chimakhala ndi chitetezo champhamvu, matenda ena amatha kudziwonetsera okha:

1. Malo a Leaf - Zimasonyezedwa ngati maonekedwe a bulauni pamasamba, nthawizina ndi imvi pachimake. Gawo lalikulu la matendawa limatha ndi kugwa kwa masamba ndi imfa ya chomera. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha matendawa ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi cha nthaka. Kuchotsa matendawa, ndi bwino kuchotsa pamwamba pa nthaka, komanso kusamalira masamba ndi mkuwa oxychloride solution (35 g ya mankhwala pa 10 l madzi).

2. Fomosis zowola - N'zotheka kudziwa matendawa ndi malo a bulauni omwe ali pafupi ndi tsinde. Komanso, matendawa amafalikira m'mimba. Chizindikiro chodziwika ndi matendawa ndi kukhala ndi mabala ambiri a bulauni pa masamba, omwe amakula pang'onopang'ono. Kulimbana ndi matendawa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala "Readzol", "Mzere", "Home" kapena Bordeaux osakaniza. Pofuna kupewa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Zina mwa tizirombo ta phwetekere Chikondi chimakhala choopsa kwambiri:

1. Chipatala cha Colorado - amadya masamba a phwetekere, mapesi, ndi zina zipatso. Kugonjetsa tizilombo kungatheke mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe amapangidwa makamaka pa izi ("Mospilan", "Aktara", "Corado", etc.).

2. Ntchentche yoyera - Zimakhazikika pamunsi mwa masamba, zimadyetsa zowonongeka, zomwe zimabweretsa kufooka ndi imfa. Kuwononga tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito makonzedwe apadera "Konfidor" kapena "Pegas" kapena mankhwala ochiritsira, mwachitsanzo, tincture wa adyo (100 g ya adyo wothira ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre).

Pofuna kupewa tizirombo, zomera zimachiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Dzidziwitse nokha ndi mitundu yayikulu ndi zizindikiro za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Kukolola monga zipatso zipsa, pafupi masiku 90-105 mutatha kuziika. Chifukwa chakuti zipatsozo zili ndi khungu lolimba lomwe silingagwedezeke, amalekerera mu kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka nthaka ndipo amatha nthawi yaitali. Nkofunika kuti musazengereze kukolola, chifukwa zipatso zambiri zimayamba kuvunda, zimakhala zofewa, zimataya kukoma. Palinso tomato wobiriwira amaloledwa. Zikatero, kuchapa kwathunthu kumatha mwezi umodzi. Tomato wothira masamba akhoza kusungidwa pamalo ozizira, owuma kapena firiji kwa nthawi yaitali. Kusungirako ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi a matabwa, omwe amaikidwa pamalo abwino, mpweya wa 14-16 ° C. Nthaŵi zambiri zimalimbikitsidwa kuyesa chipatso, chofewa choyera kapena chovunda.

Tomato wa chikondi ndi zokoma, zokometsera ndi tomato zokongola kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zabwino kwambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mwatsopano komanso kukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Panthawi yake, kusamalira bwino mbewu, kudyetsa ndi kuteteza nthawi zonse, kuwononga tizilombo kumathandiza ngakhale munthu wosadziwa zambiri kuti azikula mbande zabwino ndikupeza zokolola zambiri za zipatso zabwino kwambiri.