Banja loyandikana nalo - zizindikilo za nightshade

Solanaceae ndi banja lolemera, kuphatikiza masamba omwe amalimidwa (mbatata, phwetekere, tsabola, biringanya), maluwa okongoletsera, mankhwala azitsamba azungu komanso zapoizoni. Poizoni wopezeka m'mayimidwe ambiri amatha kupha munthu wamkulu, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Zambiri zosangalatsa za nightshade - munkhaniyi.

Makhalidwe a banja laling'ono

Solanaceae ndi banja la mbewu, zomwe mu 2019 zidakhala ndi genera 115 ndi mitundu yopitilira 2700. Anthu amapeza ambiri a iwo tsiku ndi tsiku: maluwa amkati, masamba wamba, fodya ndi mbewu zamankhwala.

Oyimira nightshade

Oyimira amagawidwa m'mitundu itatu:

• zitsamba;
• zitsamba (zowoneka bwino komanso zokwawa);
• mitengo (nightshade kapena acnistus).

Pamodzi ndi banja la "bindweed" fomu yofanana ya nightshade.

Zomera za nightshade zomera

Oyimira ambiri amakhala ndi fungo labwino. Mitundu ya poizoni imakutidwa ndi maselo glandular ndikutulutsa fungo losakanikirana.

Mlingo wowopsa wa alkaloids umapezeka mu hen, dope ndi belladonna. Poizoni amakhumudwitsa kutentha, kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, kutsekula m'mimba. Pogwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, chithokomiro cha chithokomiro chimasokonekera, minofu ya ziwalo zomwe zimagaya chakudya zimawonongeka, ndipo mawonekedwe amawonongeka.

Zochita pothana ndi poyizoni: itanani ambulansi, kenako imwani madzi ndikumwa ina ndikuyambitsa kusanza.

Zizindikiro za banja labwinoli

Banja lili m'gulu la oyang'anira dicotyledons. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mazimba a mbewu yobzala ali ndi ma cotyledon awiri. Zomera za monocotyledonous, monga dzinalo limatanthawuzira, zimakhala ndi gawo limodzi. Oimira monocotyledons ali ofanana mikhalidwe yawo. Solanaceae ndi osiyana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake, komabe, zingapo zingapo zomwe zimatha kusiyanitsidwa.

Makhalidwe a nightshade omwe adalembedwa pazowonetsa asayansi:

• kapangidwe ka masamba: yosalala, serated, yokhala ndi ma incitions kapena mawonekedwe a lobes;
• pansipa ndi pakati pa tsinde masamba amapezeka mosiyanasiyana, mbali yokhala ndi maluwa - awiriawiri;
• inflorescence ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe curls, nthawi zambiri ndi kufalitsa maluwa;
• chikho nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi masamba 5, ochepera kwambiri - kuyambira 4 mpaka 7;
• whisk ikhoza kukhala ngati gudumu, msuzi, chopondera.

Zizindikiro zofala

Chipatso cha Solanum

Zipatso ndi zipatso (tsabola, nightshade, biringanya, mbatata, physalis, etc.) kapena mabokosi (fodya, petunia, belladonna, bleached, dope). Mabokosi otseguka pamapiko. Mbewu ndizopangidwa ndi impso, zimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri.

Kukula kwa mbewu za nightshade

Mitundu ya inflorescence - curl kapena girus. Dongosolo la maluwa: * H (5) L (5) T5P1. Mtengo:

• calyx imakhala ndi manda asanu osakanizidwa;
• corolla imakhala ndi miyala isanu
• kuchuluka kwa stamens omwe amatsatira ma petals ndi asanu;
• pestle ndi imodzi.

Mapangidwe a maluwa

Masamba a banja la nightshade

Zosavuta, zonyamula, nthawi zina zopangidwa. Pa tsinde amakonzedwa mosiyana. Stipule kulibe. Oyimira ena amaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi.
Mndandanda wa mbewu zam'mbuyo:
Zomera za Herbaceous

Banja la nightshade, lomwe lili ndi mitundu yopitilira 2,600, limakhala makamaka ndi herbaceous zomera.

• mandrake;
• fodya
• biringanya (solanaceous mdima-zipatso);
• mbatata
• tsabola wowawa ndi wokoma;
• bittersweet nightshade (wolfberry);
• scopolia;
• tsabola wabodza nightshade;
• opatsa mokulira;
• jasmine nightshade ndi ena

Zomera zamasamba

Zomera zam'mera zazomera:

• Mbatata. Ma tubers a mbewu, omwe amasinthidwa mphukira mobisa, amadya. M'minda, mbatata zimafalitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito tubers, koma kulima pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu ndizotheka. Chipatso cha mbatata ndi mabulosi osawoneka obiriwira okhala ndi njere mkati.
• Biringanya. Zomera zamtchire ndizosatha ndipo zimabzalidwa osatha. Kuchokera pamawonedwe, chipatso cha buluu ndi mabulosi. Nthawi zambiri, zipatso zosapsa ndi utoto wofiirira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Ikacha bwino, buluu wamkati amapeza mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo zipatso zake zimakhala zolimba ndi zopanda pake.
• Capsicum (wokoma ndi wowawa). Kununkhira kwakadakwako kwamasamba kumapereka alkaloid capacin.
• Tomato (tomato). Monga momwe zinalili kale, zipatsozo ndi zipatso, osati ndiwo zamasamba.

Mitengo ina yovuta kudya yopanda masamba:

• Melon Pear. Imapezeka m'minda ku Russia, koma osalimidwa pamalonda. Zipatsozi zimakoma kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi mavitamini, michere yaying'ono komanso zazikulu.
• Matenda. Makhalidwe a botanical ndi ofanana ndi tomato. Mu CIS, physalis nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu confectionery - imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokongoletsera. Komanso, kuchokera ku zipatso zomwe zimabisidwa m'mbale, mutha kupanga kupanikizana kapena kusakaniza mchere.

Matenda

Zomera zokongoletsera za nightshade

Gululi limaphatikizapo maluwa amkati ndi a m'munda, zitsamba ndipo ngakhale zokwawa. Amadziwika ndi maluwa akuluakulu ambiri owala.

Zomera zokongoletsera zimaphatikizapo mbewu zambiri.

Petunia

Chomera chodziwika bwino ku CIS chokhala ndi maluwa obiriwira, omwe amatha miyezi ingapo. Imakhala ndi miyala yooneka bwino yokhala ndi mawanga kapena timadontho tating'ono. Pakatikati ndi zachikaso kapena zoyera. Masamba atsopano mpaka Okutobala. Mfuti zimapendekera pansi, kotero petunia nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira.

Fodya wokoma

Chomera chimakhala ndi maluwa ocheperako koma onunkhira kwambiri omwe amatseguka dzuwa litalowa. Mtundu - oyera kapena ofiira otentha. Pakugulitsa ndudu ndi ndudu, masamba owuma fodya okhala ndi chikonga chachikulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Fodya wokoma

Bittersweet nightshade

Zoyenera kuyikika pafupi ndi dziwe, chifukwa zimakhala zomasuka kwambiri. Ali ndi masamba owongoka. Pambuyo pa maluwa, amapanga zipatso zofiirira zowala bwino, zomwe zimapitilira kuyambira Epulo mpaka Okutobala.

Capsicum

Chomera chosazolowereka chotchedwa houseplant. Zipatso - peppercorns ofiira, achikaso, oyera, lalanje kapena ofiirira. Amakhala ndi kukoma koyaka, chifukwa ali ndi capsaicin.

Capsicum

Kalibrachoa

Chomera chokhala ndi maluwa ambiri. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi petunia - mabelu amitundu yonse. M'minda mungapeze pinki, yofewa komanso yowala, yapinki, yachikaso, yofiyira, yamaluwa oyera komanso kusakaniza kokongola.

Kalibrachoa

Zomera zakuthengo

Banja la nightshade limakhala ndi oimira azikhalidwe komanso zakutchire. Gawo lotsirizali limaphatikizapo:

• nightshade wakuda;
• bittersweet nightshade;
• dope wamba;
• belu;
• belena ndi ena

Kuyandikira kwambiri ndi zakutchire.

Zomera za banja la nightshade

Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma alkaloids, mamembala ambiri akumabanja omwe ndi achikulire omwe ndiabwinobwino ali ndi poizoni. Komabe, poizoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu pharmacology pazinthu zazing'ono. Mwachitsanzo cha mankhwala opha poyizoni:

• belu;
• fodya
• wakuda bii;
• mandrake;
• dope;
• scopolia;
• bittersweet nightshade;
• nightshade wakuda;
• mbalame nightshade.

Osati chakupha:

• tsabola.

Zotsatira za alkaloids (hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'mimba, matenda am'mimba, zilonda zamkodzo dongosolo, mphumu, cholecystitis. Mankhwala wowerengeka, tincture ndi decoction wa muzu, ufa kuchokera masamba owuma amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zomera zapoizoni zoyipa

Zomera zimasiyanasiyana poizoni wa poizoni komanso malo omwe zimayikidwa poizoni. Usiku wa poizoni woopsa kwambiri walembedwa pansipa.

Belladonna

Mayina Odziwika: Kukwera Berry ndi Kugona Kwapusa. Zipatso - zipatso zonyezimira zakuda zomwe zimakhala ndi poizoni wambiri. Mlingo wowopsa wa ana ndi zipatso zitatu. Kwa akuluakulu - kuyambira 10.

Imagwira ntchito yoyipa ndikuchotsa maula. Mizu ndi masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pouma kapena mwatsopano. Pazipatala zodziwika bwino, mbewuyi ndi gawo lamapiritsi ndi ma tinctures, mu mankhwala wowerengeka, decoctions ndi compress amapangidwa kuchokera pamenepo. Belladonna amathandiza ndi matenda am'mimba, cholecystitis, matenda a Parkinson.

Mandrake

Chomera chodabwitsachi sichidafa mu nthano zakale za ku Europe. Panali nthano kuti chomera ichi chimatha kufuula ndipo ndi kufuula kwake kupha chamoyo. Ili ndi mawonekedwe osazolowereka - mizu yake imafanana kwambiri ndi munthu. Amakhala ndi scopolamine - mtundu wina wa ma alkaloids omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu pharmacology yamakono.

Muzu wa mandrake

Datura wamba

Mtundu wa zitsamba zapachaka zomwe ndi gawo la banja la nightshade. Chomera chapoizoni. Hyoscinamine amachotsedwa m'masamba mankhwala odana ndi mphumu, ndipo njere ndi gwero la atropine, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda am'mimba, chiwindi, chikhodzodzo ndi ndulu. Zomwe zimayambitsa matopewo ndizovulaza - poizoni, yemwe ali ndi katundu wa hallucinogenic. Imapezeka mu zimayambira, mizu ndi mbewu.

Blena wakuda

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati piritsi yothandizira mpweya komanso kukhumudwa panyanja. Rhizomes ndi kuchotsa masamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zilonda zam'mimba, matenda a chiwindi, komanso mavuto amawonedwe. Zigawo zonse za mbewu ndizopanda: maluwa, mbewu, zimayambira, masamba, mizu. Peak pachimake cha poizoni ndi kutha kwa masika.

Zomera zophukira za banja la nightshade

Banja limatha kugawidwa m'munda wamtchire komanso wobzala. Wotengedwa kutchire pogwiritsa ntchito njira zasayansi: kuswana, kupanga ma genetic, kupanga ma hybrids. Zogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe:

• mbatata
• biringanya;
• Tomato
• tsabola;
• kusuta fodya.

Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu amakhala atakula chifukwa cha chakudya, nyama, mankhwala, zodzola, ndudu ndi ndudu.

Solanaceae ndizomera zomwe anthu amakumana nazo tsiku ndi tsiku. Zamoyo zamtchire komanso zolimidwa zimapindula ndi kupezeka kwa mankhwala ndi chakudya, ndipo mitundu yokongoletsera imasinthanitsa nyumbayo.