Geranium ndi malo otchuka omwe amamera nyumba zomwe zimakula bwino mu nyumba komanso pamsewu. Ganizirani zovuta zonse za kukula kwa geraniums kunyumba, makamaka chisamaliro ndi njira zothetsera matenda ndi tizirombo zomwe zingakhudze zomera.
Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mubzala ndi kukula zomera
Geranium ndi chomera chachikondi komanso chokonda kwambiri chomwe chimakonda kukula kumwera zenera-sill. Kawirikawiri, zomerazo zidzamverera kumadzulo ndi kummawa kwa sill, koma mbali yakumpoto ya nyumba yoti igwirizane ndi zomera sizigwira ntchito.
Maluwa salola kuti dzuwa likhale losavuta, mphukira imatambasulidwa, kutengeka, palibe maluwa. Posankha malo oti kulima mumsewu, tsatirani malamulo omwewo: sankhani malo abwino, otetezedwa ku ma drafts ndi mphepo yamkuntho. 
Maluwa amaphuka bwino pamene mpweya wotentha mu chipinda uli pa 20% + 25 ° С, m'nyengo yozizira kutentha sikuyenera kugwera pansipa + 13 ° С, mwinamwake maluwawo amamva kupweteka ndipo amafa. Momwemo mvula kapena mpweya wouma umakhudza kwambiri maluwa ndipo imayambitsa maonekedwe a tizirombo kapena matenda ambiri, choncho ndi bwino kusunga chinyezi pamtunda wa 50-60%.
Kutentha kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala koyipa, kuthirira mobwerezabwereza kungayambitse mizu yovunda, kawirikawiri - yowuma geranium, kotero madzi okwanira ayenera kuchitidwa mutatha pamwamba pake.
Mukudziwa? "Geranium" kuchokera ku Chigriki amatanthawuza "stork", akukhulupirira kuti dzina la duwa linali chifukwa cha zipatso zomwe zimawoneka ngati mlomo wa mbalame.
Mmene mungabzalitse geranium
Kuti duwa likhale bwino ndikukondwera ndi maluwa ambiri, m'pofunika kutsata malingaliro odzala duwa, kotero ganizirani zambirizi.
Nthawi yobwera
Nthawi yobzala geraniums imadalira njira yolima. Ngati mbeu zafesa zimabzalidwa, ndiye kuti nthawi yabwino kwambiri ndiyi mapeto a May. Zomera zouma kapena rhizomes zikhoza kukhala mtsogolo - pachiyambi kapena pakati pa June. Kubzala kungathenso kuchitidwa mumphika, pa nthawiyi, nthawi yabwino - January-February.
Ntchito yokonzekera
Duwa limakonda kukula m'nthaka yosakhwima, yachonde komanso yothira bwino, pH mlingo ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi acidic kuti asalowerere. Malo okonzeka kupanga osakaniza makamaka geranium, ogulidwa mu apadera sitolo, idzagwiranso ntchito bwino. Ngati mankhwala osakaniza sapezeka, mungathe kukonzekera nokha, kusakaniza gawo lililonse la maluwa (2 mbali) ndi vermiculite (supuni 2 pa 1 l ya gawo lapansi), otsukidwa ndi mchenga wa mtsinje (0,5 mbali), peat ( 0,5 parts), perlite (1 tbsp. 1 lita imodzi ya gawo lapansi). 
Ndibwino kuti muwononge nthaka kuti muchotse mabakiteriya owopsa ndi bowa. Kuti muchite izi, mungagwiritse ntchito chophimba kawiri, ndikuyika nthaka pamenepo kwa mphindi 30. Popanda chophimba kawiri, mukhoza kutsitsa nthaka motere: kutsanulira gawolo mu thumba lamba, liyike pamadzi ndi madzi otentha, onjezerani madzi otentha kumadzi pamene madzi akutsuka pansi, kuphimba kapangidwe ka pamwamba ndi chivindikiro kapena nsalu yakuda.
Ndikofunika kusankha chophimba choyenera kuti mukhale ndi geraniums, kotero tiyeni tione bwinobwino miphika yomwe mungabzalidwe maluwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphika, munthu sayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi zokonda zake zokha, mtengo wotsika kapena wosasamalira mphamvu, komanso ndi ubwino wa zomera zomwe zikukula miphika zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Zida zamapulasitiki ndizosavuta kuzigwiritsa ntchito, ndizosavuta kuyeretsa, osamenyana, ndi zotchipa komanso zothandiza, kukhala ndi zolemera zochepa.
Mukudziwa? Geranium masamba osasunkhira bwino komanso m'mayiko ena a Asia ndi otchuka kwambiri pakuphika, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokometsera zoyamba ndi zoyamba.
Geranium imamvanso bwino mu mapepala apulasitiki, koma nthawi zina imakhala yovunda ya mizu, makamaka ngati mulibe mabowo okwanira a madzi kapena madzi osanjikiza. Dothi ladothi limatengedwa kuti ndilo njira yabwino yokhala ndi maluwa, popeza atatha kuthirira, chinyezi chimatha kusungunuka m'makoma a mphika. Kuonjezera apo, dongo limatha kutulutsa mchere wovulaza zomera. Zomangira zowonjezera zimapereka bwino aeration wa mizu, chifukwa iwo ali ndi porous structure.
Kukula kwa mphika kumakhudzanso, ngati mumasankha chidebe chachikulu cha mphukira kapena kambewu kakang'ono, mungathe kuputa kusowa kwa maluwa. Mu miphika yayikulu, geranium idzakula mwamphamvu kwambiri mizu, yomwe mbali imodzi ya maluwa idzakula mofulumira. Kukula kwakukulu kwa geranium ndi mphika wa 12-15 masentimita awiri ndi 15 cm mu msinkhu. 
Njira zolowera
Geranium nthawi zambiri imasokonezeka ndi pelargonium, zomerazi zimakhala zofanana komanso zimakhala zofanana, koma zimasiyana kwambiri. Pelargonium amakula pokhapokha m'nyumba, ndipo geranium ndi maluwa onse, choncho imakula bwino mumaluwa ndi miphika. Geranium ingabzalidwe motseguka pansi mofanana ndi mu mphika, koma ndi malamulo ena omwe amatsatira, kotero tidzakambirana mndandanda wa maulendo onse ogwiritsira ntchito njira iliyonse mwatsatanetsatane.
Mbewu
Njira ya kubzala geraniums pa bedi la maluwa ndi yofala, mbeu zimakula bwino ndikukula mwamsanga, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino cha mbeu ndi zomera zoyambirira. Dothi lodzala geraniums liyenera kutenthedwa kale, kutentha kwa nthaka kuyenera kukhala osachepera 15 ° C. Lembani bwino musanafufuze, chotsani namsongole. Kufesa m'nthaka kumakhala kosalala (mpaka 3 cm), kutalika kwake.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kusunga mbeu, njira yothandizira ndi othandizira iyenera kuwonetsedwa, mwinamwake mbewuzo zikhoza kutha.
Asanafese, mbewu zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zichotsedwe ndikusinthidwa, chifukwa izi zimayikidwa mu mankhwala a saline (supuni 2 mchere) pa 1 l madzi. Mbewu zomwe zagwera - zotayidwa, zomwe zagwera pansi - zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kubzala. Mbeu zotsutsidwa zatsukidwa pansi pa madzi kuti zichotse zitsalira zamchere, zipukutire ndi thaulo la pepala.
Kenaka, pitirizani kupatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la potaziyamu permanganate: mu madzi okwanira 1 litha potaziyamu permanganate m'munsi mwa mpeni kuti mupeze madzi ochepa. Ikani nyembazo mu njirayi kwa mphindi 20, ndiye tsambani pansi pamadzi ndikuumitsa ndi pepala. Gawo lomalizira ndi chithandizo cha mbewu ndi kukula kokondweretsa.
Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, yesani "Zircon" kapena "Appin" yoyenera, yomwe ikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo. Nkhumba zothandizidwazi zouma ndi pepala la pepala ndipo zimayikidwa pa dzuwa, lotentha zowenera zowonjezera, zomwe zimafalitsidwa pa nyuzipepala tsiku limodzi kuti ziume bwino.
Kufesa kumachitika m'madzi okonzeka bwino, otentha ndi madzi ofunda, kuyesa kutalika kwa masentimita awiri pakati pa nyembazo. Bzalani mbewu ndi dothi lonyowa, musati muzitsuka, mungathe kukanikiza pamtunda padothi.
Video: Chodzala mbewu za geranium
Scion
Kubzala mphukira za geranium zomwe zazika mizu ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kuti mupeze maluwa mwamsanga. Pofuna kubzala geranium, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chomera chachikulu chokhala ndi nthambi yotsatira. Ndibwino kuti tipewe njira zoti tipitirire kubzala kumapeto kwa May, kuti mapangidwe a mizu ayambe bwino.
Ntchito yokolola zakumapeto ndi izi:
- Dulani ndondomeko yomwe mwasankha ndi mpeni (iyenera kukhala ndi mapepala atatu), kusunga kutalika kwa masentimita 7.
- Siyani scion pawindo sill kwa maola atatu kuti muumitse malo odulidwa pang'ono. Kupewa kuvunda kwa tsinde la geranium ndiko kuchiza malo odulidwa ndi makala ophwanyika, omwe amachitika mwamsanga pokhapokha pokhapokha atakonza njirayi.
- Mphukira yokonzedwa imabzalidwa m'mabenje m'munda (kuya - 3 masentimita), kudula nthaka kuzungulira tsinde.
- Mutabzala, nthaka yozungulira yothirira madzi ndi madzi ochepa.
Video: Kutsegulira geranium
Rhizome
Kubzalana kwa geranium rhizome sikungolandira kokha kupeza zowonjezera zomera zina, koma kuti zibwezeretsenso akale. Nthawi yoyenera kubereketsa ndikumapeto kwa chilimwe, panthawi imeneyi chomeracho chimapuma, ndipo njira yogawira mizu imalekerera mosavuta ndi zomera.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa momwe mungalengeze geranium kunyumba.
Kuti muchite ndondomekoyi, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- kukumba geranium wamkulu, kumasula mizu kuchokera pansi;
- Yang'anani mosamala mizu ya kuwonongeka, bowa, matenda kapena tizilombo toononga. Malo odwala, owuma, okhudzidwa amachotsedwa;
- dulani mizu ya geranium mu zigawo zingapo kuti aliyense wa iwo azikhala ndi nthawi imodzi (kukula mchimake);
- Pa bedi lokonzeka, nkofunika kukumba mabowo (kukula kwake kumadalira mtundu wa mizu ya mizu yokolola), kuti mudzaze dzenje lililonse ndi peat ndi manyowa;
- onetsetsani mbali ya mizu m'dzenje ndikuzaza voids ndi nthaka yonse, osamaliritsa tsambali ndi masamba anu ndikutsanulira ndi madzi ofunda.
Momwe mungasamalire chomera mutabzala
Kusamalira kwambiri zomera - chikole cha chitukuko chabwino ndi maluwa, komanso mapangidwe a kukana matenda, kotero ganizirani momwe mungasamalire bwino geraniums kumera pansi. Kuthirira geraniums kumalimbikitsidwa kukhala katswiri wamatsenga kapena kuwaza.
Pachiyambi choyamba, kuthirira kumachitika mwadzidzidzi mwa kuika madzi pansi pazu. Kusakaniza kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphuno yapadera popanga madontho ang'onoang'ono omwe amachititsa kuti mvula iwonongeke. Ndikofunika kuthirira maluwa ngati chimbudzi chimauma 1-2 patsiku, pokhapokha palibe mphepo yamkuntho.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mvula imakhala yolemera komanso kawirikawiri - Chomeracho sichiri chovomerezeka kuti chitha kuthiridwe konse, kuti zisayambitse chitukuko cha zowola pa mizu.
Poyambitsa geranium, njira iliyonse yamchere yomwe imakhala ndi phosphorous yokwanira imathandiza. Chovala chofanana chomwecho chimayambitsidwa musanayambe maluwa kukonzekera mapangidwe ambirimbiri. Kuyamba kwa njira zowonjezera zowonjezera zimapangidwa malinga ndi malangizo pa phukusi. Pa mapangidwe a inflorescences akulimbikitsidwa kupanga potashi zowonjezera mavitamini kwa maluwa molingana ndi malangizo.
Njira zowononga tizilombo ndi matenda
Pakati pa geraniums amatha kudwala matenda ndi tizilombo toononga kusiyana ndi kubzala nyumba, choncho ganizirani ngati zingatheke kuti maluwa asagonjetsedwe, ndi momwe mungachitire.
Matenda ambiri a geranium ndi awa:
- powdery mildew - matenda a fungal, omwe amadziwika ngati mawonekedwe oyera pa masamba, pakapita nthawi, akudya mbali yonse ya dziko lapansi. Kukula kwakukulu kwa vutoli kumakhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira cha nthaka ndi mpweya, pamodzi ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Chithandizo cha matendawa chimapezeka pochiza chomeracho ndi colloidal sulfure kapena mkuwa sulphate molingana ndi malangizo. N'zotheka kuteteza matendawa pochita njira zothandizira kuti zitsatidwe ndi zotsalira za ulimi wothirira, kuchotseratu zotsalira zamasamba kuchokera pa webusaitiyi;
- mizu zowola - Matenda a fungalomu omwe amakhudza mizu. Zizindikiro zazikulu za zilondazi zimakhala zachikasu za mbale za masamba ndi zowona. White scurf ikuwoneka pa zimayambira, zomwe posachedwa zimadetsedwa, zomera zimamwalira. Njira zowononga zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimateteza chitetezo, kawirikawiri zimayesetsa kupewa. Njira zotetezera ziyenera kukhazikitsa nthawi zonse kumasula nthaka mu bedi la maluwa, kuyang'ana ulimi wothirira, ndikuchiza mbeu ndi Readzol molingana ndi malangizo;
- mwendo wakuda - Matenda a fungus omwe amakhudza tsinde la chomera pamzu. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nthaka, madzi okwanira komanso kutentha. N'zosatheka kuchiza chomera chomwe chikukhudzidwa, koma n'zotheka kuwonongera nthawi yathanzi njira zowonjezereka. Pofuna kupewa matenda amatsatira zotsalira za ulimi wothirira, nthawi zonse zimapanga udzu wa nthaka, kukula kwa geraniums pa nthaka yochepa;
- bakiteriya zowola - Causative wothandizira wa matenda ndi mabakiteriya amene amachititsa masamba (iwo amakhala ndi malo owuma ndi kukhala opunduka). Bakiteriya zowola sizitha kuchiritsidwa, koma njira zothandizira zimathandiza: kusamala njira zoyenera kubzala (kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoyera), kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yake kwa zotsalira zamasamba ndi kuwononga tizilombo.
Zina mwa tizirombo zomwe zingayambitse geranium, zimachokera:
- nkhupakupa - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa gawo lina la mbewu, kuyamwa madzi kuchokera masamba ndi zimayambira. Geranium masamba atasankhidwa ataphimbidwa ndi timadontho tating'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono, tiyambe kupota ndi kufota. Ndikofunika kulimbana ndi tizilombo ndi zokonzekera "Fitoverm", "Aktellik" molingana ndi malangizo;
- thrips - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi thupi lautali, omwe ntchito yawo yofunikira imayambitsa chisokonezo cha gawo la mbeu. Zomera zimakhala kumbuyo kwa mapepala, m'mphepete mwa maluwawo amasanduka bulauni. Kulimbana ndi thrips ziyenera kuchitika "Konfidor" kapena "Fitoverm" malinga ndi malangizo;
- aphid - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa chikasu ndi kupotoza masamba. Pofuna kuwononga tizirombo, m'pofunika kuchotsa mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mbeu ndi nsomba za nsabwe za m'masamba. Fulutsani chomera ndi Iskra kapena Aktellik molingana ndi malangizo;
- mealybug - Tizilombo ta tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kamene kakulungidwa ndi mankhwala oyera omwe amawoneka ngati thonje. Kuwononga tizilombo kumachitika ndi aktellk ndi Aktara kukonzekera malinga ndi malangizo.
Choncho, kubzala geraniums kungathe kuchitidwa mumphika kapena kutseguka m'njira zosiyana siyana, zomwe zimakhalapo pakubwera kwake komanso nthawi ya ndondomekoyi zimasiyana malinga ndi njirayo. Kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino komanso lolimba, m'pofunika kutsata ndondomeko zonse za chisamaliro ndi nthawi yoyenera kuthana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
