Mbali za tomato kukula mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kulongosola mitundu yabwino

Nyamayi ndi imodzi mwa ndiwo zamasamba zomwe zimakhala pakhomo la munthu wina aliyense wokhala ku Russia, choncho zimakula pa dacha kapena kunyumba.

Koma kutchire kukadikirira zokolola zimatenga nthawi yaitali. Mwamsanga mupeze mbewu zabwino zachikhalidwe, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito wowonjezera kutentha.

Mu nkhani yathu tidzakudziwitsani momwe wowonjezera kutentha kumasiyana ndi wowonjezera kutentha, komanso ngati n'zotheka kukula tomato pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu. Komanso werengani pansipa za nthawi yobzala mbande ya tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha komanso momwe angachitire molondola.

Kodi chosiyana ndi wowonjezera kutentha?

Kuti mumvetse kusiyana kwa pakati pa wowonjezera kutentha ndi wowonjezera kutentha, m'pofunikira kuganizira zochitika zapangidwe lirilonse padera.

M'kati mwa zobiriwira simagwiritsa ntchito kutenthedwa ndi kuyatsa, popeza kutentha kwachilengedwe ndi kuyatsa kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha, komwe kumatulutsidwa panthawi imene manyowa ndi manyowa amaphuka. Kuti mupeze zamasamba zomwe zikukula mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha, nkofunikira kukweza mbali zake zam'mwamba ndi zigawo; mu nyumba za mtundu uwu mulibe zitseko.

Wowonjezera kutentha m'zigawo zake ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi wowonjezera kutentha. Nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi kutalika kwakukulu - kufika mamita 2.5 ndi apamwamba, kotero kuti munthu akhoza kukhala kutalika kwake komanso ngakhale zipangizo zamakono. M'nyumba zazing'ono ndi minda, nthawi zambiri amapanga malo okonzeka kupanga wowonjezera.

Kuunikira ndi kutentha kungapangidwe mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha, komanso zipangizo zina zomwe zimayang'anira mbali zosiyanasiyana za kulima mbewu, mwachitsanzo, zipangizo zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha ndi chinyezi cha nthaka ndi mpweya. Chifukwa cha kuthekera kwa kukonzekera zofunikira zomwe zomera zimadalira, ndiwo zamasamba zingapangidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha chaka chonse.

Kodi n'zotheka kukula tomato pogwiritsa ntchito kumanga kotereku?

Tomato sizingatheke, komanso amafunika kukhala wamkulu mu greenhouses, chifukwa thermophilic chikhalidwe sangalekerere frosts. Zidzatheka kudzala chomera pamtunda pokhapokha mu June, koma mu miyezi iwiri ya chilimwe zipatso sizidzakhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse mpaka mapeto. Pachifukwa ichi, kulima tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kumachitika pakatikati.

Njirayo imayenera kukonzekera mosamala ndi kukhala ndi chidziwitso china. Vuto limakhala pakupanga zofunikira, kutentha kwa mpweya ndi nthaka.

Ngati mukukonzekera bwino wowonjezera kutentha ndi mbande, pangani zofunikira za microclimate ndikuchita zinthu zosamalira m'kupita kwanthawi, pamapeto pake chikhalidwe chondisangalatsa ndi zokolola zokoma ndi zokoma.

Ndi mitundu yanji yomwe mungasankhe?

Posankha tomato zosiyanasiyana kuti mubzalidwe mu wowonjezera kutentha, samalirani cholinga cha nthawi yokolola (kuteteza kapena kugwiritsiridwa ntchito mwatsopano), nyengo ya nyengo ya chigawocho, zokolola, nthawi yakucha komanso kulandira matenda. Kulima mu wowonjezera kutentha kumaphatikizapo mitundu yotsatira ya tomato.

Yarylo

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana idalumikizidwa makamaka pa ulimi wowonjezera kutentha. Chipatso chozungulira chozungulira chokhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera chili ndi kulemera kwa magalamu zana. Pafupifupi makilogalamu 4 a mbewu nthawi zambiri amasonkhanitsa kuchokera mamita lalikulu a landings.

Funtik

Pamakona okwera, kufika kutalika kwa mamita 2.3, zipatso zazikulu zimawoneka zofiira. Amazisunga nthawi zonse paulendo wawo ndipo samangokhalira kusokoneza.

Pewani

Mitundu yosiyana imatanthawuza mitundu yosiyana, Komabe, lili ndi katundu yense. Zipatso zokhala ndi makoma akuluakulu zimakonda kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, tomato samasokoneza, kuyang'ana mofanana. Zipatso zokhwima bwino zimabereka madzi abwino a phwetekere.

Dina

Chitsamba chochepa chomwe chili ndi nthambi zambiri ndizopangira wowonjezera kutentha. Zipatso zamtundu wobiriwira zimachokera ku magalamu 120 mpaka 160 polemera.

Mitundu yosinthidwa

Nthawi zambiri mu wowonjezera kutentha kukula stunted tomato, chifukwa ndi kosavuta kuwasamalira pakakhala kukula kochepa. Iwo amadziwika ndi zitsamba zomwe sizimatha kufika masentimita 80 mu msinkhu, ndi tsinde lamphamvu. Mitundu yodalirika ndi yochepetsetsa kwambiri, siyifunika kupanga ndi kuyambira, yomwe imathandizira kusamalidwa kwa mbeu mu kutentha kwakukulu. Mitundu iyi ikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi.

Gina

Mitundu yatsopanoyi inalengedwa ndi obereketsa kuchokera ku Holland, ndipo pakali pano imaonedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri yobala zipatso ndi zazikulu. Kutalika kwa chomera kumangofika 50 peresenti 60 peresenti. Ngati mukukula mosiyanasiyana mu wowonjezera kutentha, mukhoza kupeza zipatso zazikulu, kufika ku magalamu 400 kulemera kwake.

Denis

Mitundu yakale kwambiri, yomwe imamera ku United States, imakhala ndi tomato wofiira, wooneka bwino, wokoma. Mitunduyi imakhala yosagwirizana ndi chilala, chisanu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Mkango mtima

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula mwatsopano. Ndi oyambirira kucha komanso ololera. Zipatso zofiira zakuda za mawonekedwe apansi zimakhala ndi zokoma zokoma.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji kukwera?

Musanadzalemo tomato wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala okonzeka. Popeza kuti kutentha kwapangidwe kosayikidwirako sikusungidwa m'malo obiriwira, zimakhala zovuta kukhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu mkati mwa nyumbayo, koma n'zotheka.

Choyamba, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chovalacho sichiyenera kuchitika kuti usiku usanayambe kutuluka mumdima.

Izi muyenera kuchita:

1. Lembani malo onse omwe mbali zosiyana zazomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa palimodzi.
2. Phizani filimuyo pansi ndikuyamba kuyang'ana kuzungulira.
3. Pamwamba penipeni wina wosanjikizana wa zokutira kuti pakhale chingwe cha mpweya pakati pa zigawo.

Mukhoza kutentha mpata mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha pogwiritsa ntchito zamoyo zamtundu, omwe ali ndi masamba owuma, zitosi za mbalame, manyowa atsopano ndi zinyalala za zakudya. Njirayi imathandizira kukonza zowonjezera ndi nthaka.

1. Kugwa, ngalande yotsika-sentimita 50 ikukumba pa malo a mtsogolo wowonjezera kutentha.
2. Nyama imayikidwa pa dzenje lomwelo, chifukwa masika nyengo yachisanu siidalola.
3. Pakubwera kwa kasupe, chisanu chimachotsedwa ku dzenje, biofuel imayikidwa mkati, kudzaza dzenje magawo atatu, ndipo pamwamba pakhala nthaka yabwino, yomwe idakumbidwa kuchokera mu dzenje kugwa (iyenera kusungidwa).
4. Pambuyo pake, m'pofunika kuyimitsa chida chophimba pazithunzi.
5. Chotsitsa cha wowonjezera kutentha chimatenthedwa molingana ndi chiwembu chomwe chili pamwambapa, ndipo chichoke mu dziko lotsekedwa kwa milungu iwiri.

Kukonzekera mabedi

Mlungu umodzi musanadzalemo tomato kukonzekera mabedi. Musanayambe ndondomekoyi, yesani kutentha kwa dziko lapansi, ndipo ngati izi zitakhala zosachepera madigiri 10, kubwereka kwachedwetsedwa. M'malo obiriwira omwe amaikidwa m'nyumba zazing'ono, ndi bwino kukonza mabedi apamwamba.

Pofuna kuteteza kugwa kwa nthaka, mbali zonse ziwiri za mabedi zimayika makoma a matabwa. Kutalika kwa mabedi amenewa kumakhala pakati pa 25 mpaka 40 centimita. Kuzungulira kwa njira kumadalira kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha kapena zosiyanasiyana za tomato. Mabedi okonzeka adzazidwa ndi nthaka yachonde.

Kukula kumamera ndi kusankha

Mu zomera zobiriwira zomwe zimakula ndi mbande zolimba. Pakuti kulima kwake kudzafuna:

• peat makapu kapena zitsulo zitali;
• mbewu zokonzedwa;
• nthaka;
• zida zina.

1. Ground imatsanulidwa ku peat makapu kapena m'mitsuko.
2. Kenaka, mabowo ang'onoang'ono amapangidwa pansi kuti mubzalitse mbewu, zomwe zili ndi gawo lochepa la nthaka pamwamba.

Ndi bwino kukula mbande mu peat makapu, chifukwa pakadali pano palibe kutuluka kwadzuwa, komwe kungawononge mizu yovuta. Ngati mbande zidabzalidwa mu chidebe, pakubwera kwa masambawa, amakola, kubzala mbewu zazing'ono m'magawo osiyana.

Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa

Mutabzala, mbeu zimathiriridwa mochulukirapo ndipo zimasiyidwa mpaka nthaka ikauma - ndiye kuti kuthirira kwina ndikofunikira. Masiku asanu ndi limodzi musanadzalemo mu wowonjezera kutentha, mbande imathiririzidwanso mochuluka.

Kudyetsa mbande kumathera nthawi zinayi:

1. Pambuyo pa mapepala oyambirira, pakugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zamchere ndi mkulu wa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous;
2. masabata awiri mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ofanana;
3. Patapita masiku 14, kudyetsa kachiwiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zovala zolimbitsa thupi, zomwe zingathandize mbande kuti ayambe kuchira;
4. masiku anayi musanawotchedwe ku wowonjezera kutentha, pogwiritsa ntchito mchere kapena feteleza.

Kodi ndingamange liti komanso bwanji?

Mwamsanga pamene mbande zakula ndikukula, zimaphatikizidwa kukhala wowonjezera kutentha. Zotsatira za zochita ndi izi:

1. Nthaka imakonzedwa pang'ono ndi kumasulidwa.
2. Pa mabedi anapanga mabowo.
3. Chitsamba chimayikidwa muzitsulo, mizu ikufalikira ndikuphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Kuwaza nthaka sikuyenera, kuti mizu ikhale yomasuka.
4. Masiku atatu mutabzala, zomera zimathirizidwa.

Miyeso yayikulu

Gawo lirilonse la kulima limafuna chisamaliro choyenera ndikutsatiridwa ndi zinthu zofunika mkati mwa wowonjezera kutentha.

1. Pamaso maluwa.

   Patapita masiku 12 mutabzala mbande pansi pa wowonjezera kutentha, m'pofunika kumangiriza zomera ku trellis. Kawirikawiri, tchire la tomato timapangidwira mu tsinde limodzi, kuchotsa ana onse opeza kuchokera kumagulu a mizu ndi mizu, ndipo amachoka pamunsi pang'onopang'ono. Pambuyo pa maluwa akuyamba, tomato amamwe madzi masiku asanu ndi limodzi, akudya madzi asanu malita pamtunda umodzi.

2. Pa maluwa.

   Panthawi ya maluwa, kupaka mafuta ndi kuyendayenda kumakhala kofunika kwambiri. M'nyumba yotentha yotsekemera, tizilombo sitingathe kufika pa zomera, choncho wolima minda ayenera kuyendetsa tomato yekha. Pakuti burashi iyi ndi maluwa modekha imagwedeza, ndiyeno imapopera ndi madzi. Maola awiri mutatha, njira yotentha yotsegulira imatsegulidwa kuti ipangitse ventilate ndi kuchepetsa chinyezi.

   Kuthamanga kwa tomato nthawi yamaluwa kumathandiza kwambiri, chifukwa nthaka yobiriwira imapangitsa zipatso kukhala zowonongeka ndi madzi. Madzi panthawi imeneyi ya kulima motere: Mbewu isanayambe, madzi okwanira pafupifupi khumi ndi asanu amathiridwa pa mita imodzi.

3. Pambuyo maluwa.

   Panthawiyi, mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira yafupika. Kuthamanga kumachitika mofanana monga kale, kupeŵa kutentha kwapamwamba. Masabata angapo musanayambe kukolola, kuthirira kuima palimodzi. Ngati simukunyalanyaza malangizowo, tomato adzalandira chokoma komanso olemera.

Zofunikira

Kusamalira tomato sikovuta. Mbali yofunikira ya chisamaliro ndi nthawi yoyenera garter ndi shrub kupanga, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa tsinde. Ndikofunika kuti muyambe kulamulira chiwerengero cha mazira ambiri pazomera, zomwe zili ndi nthawi yoti zikule komanso okhwima.

Pakuti tomato wamtali, stakes kapena trellis ndi okonzeka, omwe amayendetsedwa pafupi ndi mbewu. Pamene garter ikukula, imapita pamwamba ndi yapamwamba. Nthaŵi ndi nthawi yesani zomera, kuchotsa masamba a chikasu, owonongeka ndi odwala. Kamodzi pa masabata awiri kapena atatu, tomato amadyetsedwa ndi potaziyamu sulfate, urea ndi superphosphate.

• Chinyezi

  Kamodzi pamlungu, tomato amathirira madzi, kutsanulira pafupifupi madzi asanu malita pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Pambuyo pa njira iliyonse yothirira ulimi, wowonjezera kutentha amafunika kuwongolera kuti asakhale ndi chinyezi chokwanira mkati mwake.

• Kutentha

  Mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikofunikira kusunga ulamuliro wina wa kutentha: masana pa 25 - 26 madigiri, ndipo usiku - pa madigiri 18. Zizindikiro zoterezi zikhoza kupindulidwa mwa kuthamanga ndi kutenthetsa ndi zinyama zamagetsi, komanso chilengedwe cha dzuwa.

• Masking

  Mu mitundu yopanga ana opeza, amatha kutsukidwa kuti asapitirire. Njira ya Pasynkovaya imakulolani kupeza shrub, yokhala ndi tsinde limodzi lamphamvu. Mukasiya makwerero awiri pansi, mumapeza chitsamba chobiriwira, koma ziphuphu zonse zomwe zikuwoneka pa axils zikuchotsedwa mwachisoni.

• Kuunikira

  Kawirikawiri, kuunikira kwachilengedwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mu wowonjezera kutentha, koma ngati miyeso ya wowonjezera kutentha imapereka mwayi ndi mwayi, mukhoza kuyika zowonjezerapo kuunikira ngati mawone a fulorosenti.

Kukula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kumakupatsani mwayi wokolola zipatso zabwino. Kukonzekera dongosolo ndi kusamalira chikhalidwe mkati mwake si ntchito yovuta.