Mmene mungamere ndi kukula anyezi "Centurion"

Oyambirira kucha kucha Dutch anyezi "Centurion" lerolino akusangalala ndi wosakanizidwa bwino, amene ponena za zokolola ndi kupirira sadzapeza mpikisano woyenera. Sichisamala mosamala, kusagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri, ndipo ngakhale kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Kodi zotchukazi ndi zotani, momwe zingakhalire kuti zidzakula bwanji - tidzakambilanso nkhaniyi, ndikuwululira zinsinsi zowonjezera zokolola za masamba.

Malingaliro osiyanasiyana

Zokolola zazikulu, kucha kwa oyambirira, kudzichepetsa ndi chipiriro - izi ndizo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimaimira "Centurion". Ozilenga a wosakanizidwa a Dutch uyu poyamba adatsimikiza cholinga chake chokula ma turnips.

Choncho, musayesetse kunyumba kuti muchulukitse mbewu za masamba. Mukhoza kulikulitsa okha kuchokera ku mbewu zogulidwa kapena mothandizidwa ndi sevka. Koma m'zaka zapitazi zidzatenga zaka ziwiri kuti mupeze zipatso zonse. Ngati mukukula mitundu yambiri ya anyezi kuchokera ku mbewu, mbeuyo idzakhala yosiyana ndi mipiru yaing'ono ya turnips.

Mukudziwa? Mtsogoleri wadziko lonse akugwiritsa ntchito anyezi ku Libya, komwe, malinga ndi bungwe la UN, anthu ambiri amadya anyezi makilogalamu 33 pachaka.

Mababu amadziwika ndi kukoma kwa sing'anga lakuthwa, chifukwa chake sagwiritsidwa ntchito mopyapyala. Koma mwa kulawa, ndicho chofunikira kwambiri chokhalira masamba ndi saladi. Chipatsocho chimakhala ndi golide wonyezimira komanso mtima woyera womwe uli ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Dziwani bwino maonekedwe a mitundu ya anyezi monga "Exhibicin" ndi "Sturon".

Kunja, mpiru wosakanizidwa sudziwika ndi kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake. Udindo wawo umakhala wochulukirapo, wokhazikika, wopangika pang'ono, wothamanga kwambiri ndi khalidwe lokonza bwino. Malinga ndi wamaluwa, anyezi ndi ovuta kufota, sizimabvunditsa kwambiri.

Mitu yaing'onoting'ono yaying'ono ikulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mankhwala, osasiya zotsalira. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana ndi ena omwe amamera kwambiri, komanso amakana kupanga mivi.

Zizindikiro za anyezi ndi zokolola

"Centurion" imawonekera mosavuta ndi khosi lake laling'ono ndi lopapatiza. Mbalizi ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kwa alimi, chifukwa amachepetsa zowononga poyeretsa mababu ndikuletsa ingress ya mabakiteriya mkati mwa chipatsocho.

Mukudziwa? Wolemba mbiri Herodotus, yemwe ankakhala ku Greece zaka 2500 zapitazo, adanena kuti pali piramidi ya Cheops kuti adyo ndi anyezi ambiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi antchito. Iye anati: "Kwa radish, anyezi ndi adyo, matalente 1600 a siliva anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya cha akapolo."

Mbewu za mitundu iyi ya Dutch imagulitsidwa ndi "F1". Izi zikutanthauza kuti wosakanizidwa amakula kokha kuchokera m'badwo woyamba. Mtengo wosakanizidwa wothira ndi anyezi waung'ono wolemera masentimita awiri, omwe kenako amapanga zitsulo zokhala ndi zosalala ndi zolimba. Mmodzi wa iwo, pafupipafupi, amafika polemera kwambiri 90-100 g. Centurion saganizira kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kutentha kwake. Komabe, akatswiri akulangiza kukula anyezi kuchokera ku mbande mu chikhalidwe cha zaka ziwiri.

Kutentha anyezi kumapezeka patatha miyezi itatu kuchokera kumera. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yabwino yokhala ndi zofunikira payekha komanso pa mafakitale. Kuchokera pa 1 square. M ya mundawo akhoza kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu 4, ndi makilogalamu 400 pa hekitala.

Ma turnips onse popanda tsankho kulawa ndi kuwonetsera malo ozizira komanso otenthetsa mpweya akhoza kukhala mpaka pakati pa masika.

Mukudziwa? Mu Yunivesite ya Yale ya Babeloni muli mapiritsi ang'onoang'ono atatu a dongo, omwe ndi oyamba odziwika ndi mabuku ophika. Amalongosola "chikhalidwe chophikira, kukongola mu chuma chake, kukongola ndi luso", ndi zokoma zambiri ndi zokonda zomwe zimadziwika kwa ife lero. Anapezeka kuti ku Mesopotamiya wakale, iwo ankangotamanda banja lonse la anyezi. Mesopotamiya amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri osati anyezi wamba, komanso leeks, adyo ndi shallots.

Kusankhidwa kwa kubzala zakuthupi

Pofuna kukolola bwino "Centurion" yokoma kwambiri ndi zinthu zamagulu, choyamba muyenera kusankha sevok kapena wopukuta wabwino kwambiri. Kugulitsa mwakhama kwa mbewu kumayambira pakati pa mwezi wa February. Choncho, ndiwothandiza kuphunzira malamulo ofunika kusankha.

Sevok

Kuyambira pakati pa nyengo yachisanu mpaka kumayambiriro kwa kubzala kumalimbikitsidwa ndi akatswiri pa kugula mbewu. Ngati simungasamalire bwino kusungirako, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mukhale mu April pamene mukukonzekera.

Zoona, mu nkhaniyi munthu ayenera kukonzekera kuti nsombayo idzakhala yosauka ndipo wina sangapeze mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungaganizire ndi kukonzekera koyambira mu February kapena March. Pambuyo pake, pambuyo pake idagulidwa, kuyipa kumawoneka. Zonse zofunika kubzala mu anyezi awa ziyenera kupatulidwa ndi kukula. Zomwe zinachitikira wamaluwa kuti kukula turnips akulimbikitsidwa kusankha anyezi ndi awiri a 1.4-2.4 masentimita. Iwo akhoza kubzalidwa mu podzim kapena m'chaka popanda mantha marksmanship.

Tikukulangizani kuti mudzidziwe ndi kulima anyezi kulima.

Zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu zokhala ndi masentimita atatu ndi otsika mtengo ndipo zimakhala zokolola zochepa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito yozizira pa masamba. Koma sevok, yomwe imafika kufika masentimita 4, ndi yabwino yokha.

Ndikofunikira! Ngati m'katikati kudzala kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono ka 0,8-1.3 masentimita, sadzakhala ndi nthawi yokhala ndi anyezi abwino pa nthawi yoyenera. Chifukwa chake, mumapeza zokolola zabwino. Ili ndi njira yoyenera yolowera podzimyh.

Mosasamala kanthu komwe anayambira, nthawi ndi nthawi iyenera kufufuzidwa kuti ikhale yapamwamba. Anyezi ayenera kukhala olimba, owuma, ndi nsalu ya uniform. Pa zizindikiro zapamwamba zamakono za nkhungu, zowola, zowonongeka, zala, kuwonongeka ndi dothi siziloledwa. Kupatulapo kwa lamuloli kungakhale kagawidwe kakang'ono kamene kamayenera kuumitsidwa mubokosi lalikulu la makatoni. Posankha uta, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa mawonekedwe ake. Momwemo, ziyenera kukhala zofanana, popanda kusintha.

Musayesedwe ndi kuchotsera mowolowa manja. Kuchokera ku zinthu zotere sikudzakhala: mwina kusonkhanitsa mbewu zochepa, kapena kumangokhala gawo limodzi la mbeu yobzalidwa. Kawirikawiri, manja awa ndi ogulitsa osakhulupirika akugulitsa pamene akugulitsa chisanu chodzala.

Zimamva zovuta kukhudza, ndipo kamodzi kakhala kotentha, imangowonongeka kenako imakhala fungo lofewa "lophika". Ngati madzi akutuluka kuchokera mmenemo, mpweyawu suyenera kubzala konse ndipo uyenera kutayidwa. Koma ngati pamwamba pa mababuwo amawonekera, ndiye kuti nthenga zabwino zidzakula kuchokera kwa iwo, popeza mpiru sizingakhale zazikulu.

Video: momwe mungasankhire ndi kusunga molondola mpaka kumayambiriro kwa nthawi ya kubzala anyezi

Ndikofunikira! Musagule zinthu zowyala m'mabwalo okayikitsa. Ndi bwino kupitako kugula koteroko ku malo apadera. Posankha mbewu, nthawi zonse muzionetsetsa kuti pamakhala phukusi..

Mbewu

Mlimi aliyense wodziwa bwino amadziwa kuti anyezi akufulumira kutaya kumera, choncho amapewa mapepala othawa kwambiri komanso omwe salifali moyo wa mbewu umatha m'chaka chodzala. Zikatero, pafupifupi 20 peresenti ya mbewu zofesedwa zidzawuka.

Choncho, kuti musamangidwe, ndi bwino kugula zinthu zomwe zinasonkhanitsidwa kugwa kotsiriza. Mtundu uwu ndi wofunika kwambiri pamene mtengo wa kugula kwapamwamba si wotsika mtengo.

Mavuto akukula

Mofanana ndi mitundu ina ya hybrid, Centurion imamvetsera chinyezi ndi zakudya zambiri m'nthaka. Kuti kulima kwa mitunduyi kuyenera kusankha malo abwino owala omwe alibe gawo kapena alkaline acidity zomwe zimagwira gawolo.

Mu malo ozungulira, masamba sangathe kubereka zokolola. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito kumadera otsika kumene mpweya wozizira umakhazikika, komanso chisanu chimasungunuka ndi madzi amvula amatha.

Ndikofunikira! Mitetezi yabwino ya anyezi ya mtundu uliwonse ndi nyemba, komanso kaloti, nkhaka, parsley ndi dzungu lonse. Koma pambuyo chomera cha solanaceous ndi adyo sichiyenera kubzala.

Akatswiri amaganiza kuti malo otsetsereka akum'mwera chakum'mawa amakhala ndi mchenga wobiriwira. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa nyengo yokula ndi 12-16 ° C. Kutchire kumatha kuyimitsa kuzizira mpaka +2 ° С. Nkofunika kuti madzi apansi asakhale oposa 1 mita kuchokera pansi.

Nthaka ndi feteleza

Site kukonzekera anyezi mabedi akuyamba kugwa. Choncho, ndi kofunika kuti mukolole nyengo yokolola ndikuyang'ana acidity ya nthaka. Pakhomo, njirayi ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito vinyo wosasa wamba.

Ngati mutaya madzi pamtunda, kuchoka pamtunda wa masentimita 20, kuphulika kozizira kumawonekera. Ngati vutoli silikuchitika, m'pofunika kuchotsa pansi gawoli. Kuti izi zitheke, dzuŵa lisanadze, muyenera kufalitsa fumbi la dolomite, fumbi la simenti, pulasitala wakale kapena chimbudzi chozungulira m'munda.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za nthaka zomwe zilipo, momwe mungakulitsire chonde, momwe mungadziwire okha kukhala acidity pa nthaka pamalowa, komanso momwe mungasokonezere nthaka.

Chiwerengero chofunika cha chinthucho chimadalira pH: pamwamba pa acidity pa webusaiti, ndipamwamba mlingo. Pafupipafupi, pazitali iliyonse. Munda uyenera kugwa kuchokera 150 mpaka 300 Pakukonzekera munda ayenera kukumba pamabotoni. Koma izi zisanachitike, nkofunika kuti muzitha kuzitsamba ndi zosowa. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti Centurion imasankha mchenga wofewa komanso wosasunthika mchenga. Malo odyera kapena peat sali oyenera kubzala izi wosakanizidwa.

Ndikofunikira! Mavitamini a zitsulo amathandizira kuti azitayidwa mabedi, kotero iwo akulimbikitsidwa kuti azipangidwe mu malo amchere okha. Koma kumbukirani kuti uta wonse wopanda nayitrogeni umayamba kufota.

Odziŵa bwino wamaluwa samabzala anyezi pafupi ndi zomera, pamene amavutitsa bedi komanso amawononga.

Pofuna kukolola zokolola zabwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuika 1 tbsp pamalo osankhidwa kuchokera kumapeto. l.:

• phosphorus;
• potaziyamu;
• nitrophosphate;
• mphothosphate;
• ammonium nitrate;
• urea;
• potaziyamu chloride.

Pakulima feteleza, kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zakutchire kumapangitsa malo okongola kwa matenda osiyanasiyana a fungal ndi bakiteriya. Zotsatira zake, chikhalidwe sichikhala ndi nthawi yokhwima ndi kuvunda m'nthaka. Koma zowonjezera zidazi zimayambitsa kuwotcha kwa mizu. Pankhaniyi, mababu amasiya kukoma kwawo ndi khalidwe lawo.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga za m'mene mungamere anyezi.

Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kwa mbande kunyumba

Kuyala anyezi kumapangidwa molingana ndi dongosolo lokhazikika, malingana ndi njira yosankhika yolima. Dziwani kuti m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yovuta, zimalimbikitsa kukula Centurion ndi mmera. Momwe mungachite bwino, ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane.

Mukudziwa? Dzina la sayansi lachilatini la anyezi - allium - linaperekedwa ndi Carl Linnaeus ndipo limachokera ku dzina lachilatini la adyo, lomwe, motero, limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawu a Celtic onse - "kuwotcha"; Baibulo lina limachokera ku Latin halare - "fungo".

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Chifukwa chakuti nyezi ya anyezi imakula motalika, isanayambe kubzala, iyenera kufufuzidwa kuti imere ndikukonzekera. Kwa izi, agronomists amalangiza kufufuza mosamala mbewu. Ayenera kukhala owuma, wakuda ndi yunifolomu mu mawonekedwe komanso kukula.

Okonza ena a ku Dutch akutsata mankhwala asanayambe kulandira mbewu ndi zoteteza. Uta umenewo umasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yonse ya mitundu yowala. Ngati pickling sichidachitike, ndiye kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo adzasokoneza. Kuti muchite izi, sungani zokololazo mu njira yochepa ya potassium permanganate.

Kuti bwino kumera, chernushka ndi ankawaviika kwa maola 24 mu madzi wamba firiji. Nthawi zina, zidzakuthandizani kuti muyambe kumera bwino ("Kornevin", "Emistim", "Ecosil"). Pambuyo pa nthawiyi, mbewuzo zimachotsedwa kumalo ozizira ndi zouma.

Video: Konzani mbewu ya anyezi yofesa Akamasuka, mukhoza kuyamba kufesa. Azimayi ena amalangiza kuti aziphonya nthawi yowuma ndikulimbikitsanso kumera kwa madzi osapsa. Kuti achite izi, amathira nyemba zowononga pa chiguduli chamadzi ndi chinsalu chapamwamba ndi pulasitiki.

Ndikofunikira ngati pakufunika kupopera ntchito yopangira mankhwala. Pambuyo masiku atatu, mbeu idzapereka mizu yoyamba. Pambuyo pake, iwo akhoza kubzalidwa mu chidebe pawindo.

Ndikofunikira! Pankhani ya chomera chotchedwa wintering, hybrid yabwino imabzalidwa poyera pansi zaka khumi za September kapena masabata oyambirira a mwezi wa Oktoba. Ndikofunika kuti mukhale ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito malonda angapo masabata angapo musanayambe chisanu.

Zokhudzana ndi malo

Malo abwino kwambiri kumera kwa mbande anyezi ndi chipinda chokhala ndi khola labwino lomwe lili ndi 15-20 ° C. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kuphulika kwa mphukira kumatuluka bwino, mwinamwake sangathe kukhazikitsa bwino.

Ngati masana sali okwanira, ndizomveka kuyika nyali zina zowonjezera. Kuti kulima njira ya "Centurion" imayenera kukonzekera chidebe cha matabwa kapena pulasitiki ndi gawo loyenera la gawo. Talingalirani nthawi yobzala mbewu ndikusamala kuti kupezeka kwa nthaka pasadakhale, chifukwa m'nyengo yozizira simungapeze kulikonse. Ndipo nthawi yabwino yodzala ndi haibridiyi ndipakatikati mwa mwezi wa February.

Njira yobzala mbewu

Kufesa okonzeka Chernushka mwachizolowezi ankachita mizere. Kuti izi zitheke, mu bokosi muyenera kumasula nthaka bwino, ndiyeno muziisakaniza. Kenaka, masentimita asanu amachoka pamphepete mwa thanki ndipo pamtunda wa masentimita 25 amapanga mizere 2-3 masentimita. Mbeuyi imafesedwa mosamalitsa, imachokera pakati pa 15 cm.

Werengani zambiri za momwe mungamere bwino anyezi kuchokera ku mbewu.

Video: kubzala mbewu ya anyezi Kumapeto kwa kufesa, mizere imaphimbidwa ndi dothi, imangoyang'amba pang'ono. Palibe chifukwa chokulitsa mbewu. Pofuna kuthamanga mbande, zomangamanga zimakhala ndi filimuyo, motero kumapanga ma microclimate. Ndi maonekedwe abwino a malo ogona amachotsedwa.

Mukudziwa? M'mbuyomu nthawi zina ku Ulaya kunaliletsedwa kudya anyezi pa maholide. Izi zinali chifukwa cha katundu wa masamba kuti amve misonzi.

Kusamalira mmera

Anyezi akale amafunika kumasula nthawi zonse pakati pa mizere, kuyeretsa namsongole ndi njira zowonongeka. Zinthu izi zimakhudza kwambiri kukolola kwa mtsogolo. Zonsezo za hybrid wodzichepetsa.

Imwani nyemba pamene dothi limauma. Sichiyenera kupambanitsika, kukhala wochuluka kapena wouma kwambiri. Poyamba, titsani "bedi" lanu ndi madzi osungira tsiku ndi tsiku, mosamala mosamala nthenga. Ndibwino kukonzekera kuthirira m'mawa kapena madzulo. Kwa mbande za bulbous sizinali zofooka ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, penyani mlingo wa kuwala kwake. Kuwala kwambiri, kumakhala kolimba kwambiri masamba ndi turnips. Kutalika kwa tsiku lalitali kwa izi zosiyanasiyana kumakhala maola 12 osachepera.

Pambuyo pa mwezi ndi theka, anyezi ayenera kukhala okonzekera kubzala. Pachifukwa ichi, odziwa wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuumitsa mbewu. Izi zachitidwa pang'onopang'ono. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, muyenera kukhazikitsa mphamvu ya Centurion kwa mphindi 15 kumsewu kapena khonde lotseguka pa nthawi yofunda kwambiri.

M'tsogolomu, kutalika kwa "kuyenda" kotereku kuyenera kuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku. Pofuna kuthetsa, musasiye mbande kuti mugone kunja. Mpaka wosakanizidwawo atayikidwa pansi, mbande zimadyetsedwa kawiri ndi mchere wovuta feteleza.

Mukudziwa? Mu Middle Ages, kuteteza motsutsana ndi mivi, kugunda kwaphambano ndi malupanga, ankhondo anali kuvala zipewa zachitsulo ndi makalata amtundu, ndipo anadziphimba ndi zikopa. Koma ambiri, osakhulupirira mphamvu za zida zimenezi, adalimbikitsidwanso ndi chithunzithunzi ngati mawonekedwe a anyezi kapena adyo. Ankaganiza kuti masambawa ali ndi mphamvu zamatsenga.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, izi zikhoza kuchitika pamene masamba 3-4 amapangidwa pa zomera, ndipo kachiwiri - masiku 14. Muzochitika zonsezi, kusakaniza kwa zakudya kwa anyezi kumakonzedwa kuchokera ku 10 g wa superphosphate, 2.5 g wa potaziyamu kloride ndi 5 g wa urea, omwe ayenera kusungunuka mu 5 malita a madzi ozizira.

Kuwaza mbande pansi

Kuyambira pa theka lachiwiri la April, mbande zingasamutsire ku bedi lotseguka.Ndikofunika kuti nthawi isanayambe kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, popeza kutentha kumatuluka pamsewu, zimakhala zovuta kuti mbande zikhale mizu m'malo atsopano. Panthawiyi, masiku osapitirira 50 ayenera kuchoka pa nthawi yomwe akuwombera.

Ndikofunika kuti munda ukhale bwino, mpaka 12 ° C. Komanso musanyalanyaze maphunziro ake oyambirira. Zomwe zinachitikira kuwonjezera pa yophukira feteleza ndi kukumba malo osankhidwa asanadzalemo anyezi mbande bwinobwino kuyeretsa namsongole amene aonekera ndi kumasula pansi bwino. Pambuyo pake, gwiritsani ntchito masentimita 30 kuchokera pamtunda. Kuzama kwa mizerayi ndi masentimita 4-5. Musanadzalemo nthaka m'munda, komanso mu thanki ndi mbande, m'pofunikira kuti mukhale mowadyetsa.

Ndikofunikira! Mitengo yokhazikika komanso yosasunthika ikuyenera kubzala. Ndipo kuti apitirize kuwalimbikitsa bwino komanso osawononge chikhalidwe mwa kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, akatswiri amalangiza njira yokonzanso anyezi ndi atatu kuti adule nthenga ndi mizu yake.

Mbewu za "Centurion" zimachotsedwera mosamala kuchokera ku tanki lodzala ndi kulowa mudothi lapadera ndi dothi. Pambuyo pake, masamba ali okonzeka kubzala. Mbande zimayikidwa mu mzere pa mtunda wa masentimita 15 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, kukulirakulira 1 masentimita okha.

Pa gawo lomalizira la kubzala, mizerayi imadzazidwa ndi nthaka ndipo yaying'ono. Mmawa wotsatira, bedi ndi lofunika kuti lizikhala ndi njira yothetsera mchere, zomwe zidzalimbikitsanso kuchuluka kwa mababu ndi kukula kwa mababu. Pamene chinyezi chimayamwa, pani malo ndi peat. Ngakhale kupirira kwa mtundu wa Dutch, poyamba kumayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Kuti izi zitheke, ambiri amaluwa amamanga nyumba zodzikongoletsera kuchokera ku zitsulo zamatabwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki.

Kulima kuchokera ku sevka kutseguka

Kulima nyemba kumakhala kofala m'madera ndi nyengo yofatsa. Njira imeneyi siyikuthandizira mavuto ndipo, ngati mukutsatira malamulo oyambirira a agrotechnical, amatsimikizira zokolola zambiri. Taganizirani zonse mu magawo.

Kusankha kwa malo ndi kukonzekera kwa nthaka

Kwa iwo amene akufuna kupeza mofulumira mwamsanga kukolola, kulima kokongola kwa wowonjezera kutentha kwa wosakanizidwa. Koma chifukwa cha chibadwa cha mitundu yosiyana siyana, palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsa nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chikhalidwe chimaonedwa kuti chikukula msinkhu ndipo chimakhala ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kusinthika kwa kutentha, komanso matenda ndi tizirombo. Chifukwa chake, ndiwo zamasamba zimakhala bwino kwambiri m'munda wodutsa. Poyamba, pamunda, ndithudi, zinyumba zidzafunika.

Posankha mpando tiyenera kulingalira:

• nthaka ya acidity level (osalowerera ndale ndi malo amchere amakonda);
• malo amphepete mwa mvula (sizingatheke kuyandikira pafupi, mwinamwake chikhalidwe chidzawonetsedwa kuti chikhoza kuwonongeka nthawi zonse chinyezi);
• mlingo wa kuunikira kwa dera (muyenera kusankha malo owala okha);
• oyang'anira ndi zomera zoyandikana nawo;
• Zolemba za nthaka (nthaka yolemera sivomerezeka).

Yambani kukonzekera kudzala anyezi mu kugwa, mwamsanga mutatha kukolola zomera zomwe zapitazo. Ndipo m'nyengo yachisanu imabweretsanso bedi, imatsuka namsongole, kumasula ndi kuyesa pamwamba.

Ndizabwino kwambiri, pamene zitsulo zidzakhala pafupi ndi malo odyetsedwa ndi manyowa. Izi ndi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha nayitrojeni ndi zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zitha kuwononga nthaka.

Ndikofunikira! Simungapange manyowa atsopano pansi pa uta. Ichi si gwero la namsongole, komanso mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, bowa, tizirombo. Ndi bwino kutengera feteleza ichi ndi humus.

Kukonzekera Mbewu

Sevok sitolo kapena nyumba zoyambira zimakhala zosungirako zoyenera. Kwa ichi, akuyenera kupereka malo owuma ndi ofunda. Apo ayi, mungathe kuphwanya ngakhale khalidwe lapamwamba kwambiri kubzala. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti alimi oyambitsa masamba amasunga anyezi pa batteries, chifukwa cha chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, amachimwa ndipo amalephera kukwanira.

Zingakuthandizeni kuti muwerenge momwe mungayambitsire anyezi musanadzalemo.

Ngati kutentha kusungirako kuli pansi pa +18 ºС, ndiye kuti kukula kwazitsulo kumachepetseratu. Zitsanzo zotere musanabzala, nkofunika kutentha ndithu. Ndondomekoyi imalimbikitsa nyengo yakukula ndipo imateteza mfuti ina. Izi zachitika muzigawo:

• Masiku 15 oyambirira a anyezi amasungidwa kutentha kwa + 20 ° C;
• ndiye kwa maola 8 mpaka 10 kutentha kumabweretsa kwa 30-40 ºї.

Ngati palibe nthawi yokonzekera nthawi yayitali, ndipo sevy ili m'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, n'zotheka kuthamanga mkatikati mwa njira zowonjezera zowonjezera poyikanso kubzala mmadzi ndi kutentha kwa +50 ° C kwa mphindi khumi. Pambuyo pa izi, sevka ayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi ozizira.

Ambiri wamaluwa, omwe akuyang'aniridwa ndi njira iyi yokonzekera mbeu, awonjezerapo pang'ono kulimbikitsa kukula kwa madzi (Humisol, Rost-1, Ecosil). Kuonjezera apo, pewani kuyang'anitsitsa ndikuyang'anitsitsa.

Video: momwe mungakonzekere anyezi kuti mubzalidwe Sitiyenera kukhala zowonongeka ndi zokhala pazinthu zoyenera kubzala, osatchula zizindikiro za nkhungu ndi zowola. Monga disinfection, mukhoza kuthandizira turnips osakaniza ndi mchere sulphate osakaniza, okonzedwa pamtingo wa 1 tsp. zinthu mu chidebe cha madzi.

Mukudziwa? Utawu wakale unali wolemekezeka kwambiri ku Ulaya. Mwachitsanzo, asilikali a Roma ankakhulupirira kuti msilikali akamadya kwambiri masambawa, amakhala wamphamvu komanso wolimba mtima. Ndipo m'zaka zamakedzana Germany, anyezi inflorescences anaveka korona olimba.

Njira yobzala sevka pansi

Zinthu zakuthambo ndizo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yobzala sev. Pansi pa nyengo yachisanu ndi yotentha, ntchitoyi ingakonzedwe kumapeto kwa April. Koma m'nyengo yozizira ndi yamvula, muyenera kuyembekezera kuti dziko lapansi liziwongolera kuya 10 cm mpaka 12 ° C.

Odziŵa zambiri nthawi zonse amafesa anyezi pamtambo madzulo. Ngati muthamanga ndi kukwera, m'dziko lozizira, adzapita ku mivi. Kufesedwa kanthawi kochepa sikutitsimikizira zokolola zazikulu, chifukwa muzochitika zoterezo nthenga nthendayo idzayamba kukula. Njira yokhala ndi anyezi yowonongeka imapangidwanso mzere. Ndikofunika kusakaniza magawo a magawo osungidwa.

Mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi zofunikira zake:

• anyezi okhala ndi m'mimba mwake mpaka 1 masentimita amagawidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 5 kuchokera kwa mzake;
• zizindikiro zomwe ndi 1.5 masentimita mwake zimabzalidwa ndi 8 masentimita;
• Zomwe zimakhala zazikulu kuposa 2 cm ziyenera kukula pamtunda wa masentimita 10.

Mipata yonseyi imapanga masentimita 20. Zidzakhala bwino kwa namsongole ndikumasula bedi. Gawo lotsiriza la kubzala mbeu ndi kugona mizere ndi kugwedeza nthaka. Cholinga chachikulu cha mulch peat kupewa kupewa kutuluka kwa madzi. Pasanathe sabata, mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera.

Mukudziwa? Ankhondo achikulire a ku Igupto amaimira babu ngati chizindikiro cha moyo wosatha. Kwa izi iwo anakankhidwa ndi makonzedwe ka mkati ndi mphete zolowerera.

Video: Kubzala anyezi

Kuthirira

Kufunika kwa kuthirira mabedi a anyezi sikudutsa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa kucha kwa zomera. Koma mwezi umodzi usanafike, zokolola zonse ziyenera kuimitsidwa. Apo ayi, mpiru yosapsa posachedwa idzavunda.

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yowonjezera yogwira, mbewuyo imafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse ngati dothi luma. Musalole kupuma kwa madzi pa iwo kapena chilala. Ndifunikanso kuganizira nyengo. Koma, mulimonsemo, kamodzi pamlungu, sungani mbewu ndi madzi otentha atakhazikika dzuwa.

Kuyambira mu Julayi, pamene ma turnips alowa m'nyengo yakucha, chinyezi chowopsa chidzawavulaza. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi theka, ndi kuimitsa kwathunthu masabata awiri tisanakolole.

Nthaka imamasula ndi kupalira

Kusamalira mitundu iliyonse ya anyezi ingayambe nthawi yayitali musanayambe. Ndipo imakhala ndi kupuma nthawi zonse ndikumasula nthaka. Njirazi ndizofunikira kwambiri pamayambiriro a mapangidwe a turnips. Musalole kuti kutsetsereka kwadothi, kwouma padziko lapansi kukhale pabedi.

Pa nthawi yomweyo, pukutani mwapang'onopang'ono ndi kuyamwa kuti mupewe kuvulaza mizu ya masamba. Sikuyenera kukhala namsongole m'munda. Ndipotu, zomera zosafunikira zimawononga nthaka, motero zimadula anyezi a chakudya.

Mukudziwa? Mlimi wachinyamata wa ku Britain, dzina lake Peter Glazebrook, anakwanitsa kukulira chimphona chachikulu chomwe chinkalemera makilogalamu 8 ndipo chinalembedwa mu Guinness Book of Records.

Muzochitika zoterezi, simuyenera kuyembekezera kukolola bwino - bwino, muyenera kukhala okhutira ndi mitu yaing'ono ndi yopunduka. Komanso, malo oipitsidwa amakhala okongola kwambiri kwa tizirombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zambiri mukamasula bedi lanu, zomera zochepa zamsongole zidzakhala pa iwo ndipo mpweya wabwino ndi zakudya zidzaperekedwa ku mizu. Makamaka ndondomekoyi imafunika pambuyo kuthirira.

Koma pamene turnips ali ofanana kukula, akatswiri amalangiza pang'ono otgresti nthaka kwa iwo. Izi zimachitika pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula kwawo.

Kupaka pamwamba

Ndi bwino kuyambitsa mapepala a centurion 2 masabata mutabzala. Panthawi imeneyi, kuyambika kwa zinthu zakuthupi n'kofunika kwambiri. Ophunzira wamaluwa madzi madzi ndi bedi la 1 makilogalamu a mullein kapena nkhuku manyowa ndi 10 malita a madzi. Yerengani pa square 1. Malo amodzi adzasiya kusakaniza konse.

Mukudziwa? Panthawi ya nkhondo za nkhondo, utawu unali ndi mphamvu zochiritsira komanso zamatsenga zomwe a French ankawombera ngakhale akaidi awo ku Saracens: Mababu 8.

Chakudya chachiwiri chokonzekera chofanana chiyenera kuchitika mu masabata atatu. Kenaka, panthawi imodzimodziyo, Kuwonjezera kwa ammonium nitrate ndi nayitrogen-potaziyamu osakaniza sizingalepheretse (m'magulu onsewa, ziyenera kukhala zowerengera 10 g pa 1 sq. M. Area). Mwa njira, mchere sikutanthauza kuti amasungunuka m'madzi. Amatha kuwaza pa bedi musanamwe madzi kapena mvula.

Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa

"Centurion" yosakanikirana ndi yosiyana ndi mitundu ina yowonjezera kukana tizilombo towononga ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma ngati kulima kokolola kosafunika, masamba akhoza kugwidwa ndi chimbalangondo, nsabwe za m'masamba, zinyama, mbozi.

Anyezi amatha kuwononga tizilombo ngati tizilombo tambirimbiri, tchuthi, aphid, anyezi othamanga, nematode.

Adani owopsa kwambiri pa hybrid ndi ntchentche anyezi ndi mole. Tizilombo timene timayika mazira pansi pa mamba akumwamba, kuwononga mpiru wonse. Pambuyo pake, mphutsi, pamene zikukula, zimalowa mkati mwa masamba ndi kuzidya kuchokera mkati. Popanda ndodo yobiriwira, zomera zidzafota. Anyezi auluka N'zotheka kuchotsa oyandikana nawo osavomerezeka mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pankhani iyi, zatsimikiziridwa bwino: Aktara, Actellic, Prestige, Decis, Confidor. Koma n'zosavuta kuti tipewe vuto kusiyana ndi kuchiritsa.

Tikukulimbikitsani kuwerenga za momwe mungagwirire ndi tizirombo ta anyezi.

Anyezi njenjete Odziwa wamaluwa amalangiza kuti athe kupewa kusakaniza 1 tsp. mkuwa sulphate (akhoza kukhala ndi chlorine ndi mkuwa), 1 tbsp. l supuni ya sopo wamadzi ndi kusungunula zitsulo zonsezi mu chidebe cha madzi. Chosakanizacho chiyenera kupopera masamba a anyezi pamene icho chifika kutalika kwa 12-15 masentimita.

Ndikofunikira! Mwa njira zachikhalidwe zolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, alimi ambiri a ndiwo zamasamba amasankha nthawi zonse kufumbila kwa mizere anyezi ndi ash ash. Ndondomekoyi si yokwera mtengo, koma kuti mukwaniritse zotsatira muyenera kuyibwereza masiku 20.

Matenda a fungal, komanso mitundu yonse ya matenda opatsirana, amaopseza anyezi osiyanasiyanawa popanda madzi okwanira. Ngati vutoli limakhudza dera lanu, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides: "Allett", "Skor", "Maxim", "Coronet", "Teldor", "Previkur".

Video: momwe mungasamalire anyezi

Kukolola ndi kusungirako

Kukolola zowonongeka ziyenera kukonzedweratu masiku 90 mutatha kumera. Ntchitoyi imapangidwa ndi nyengo yofunda ndi yozizira, chifukwa nthawi zina masamba sangasungidwe bwino. Malingana ndi nyengo, nthawi yabwino yochita ntchito yotereyi ingachedweke mpaka September.

Phunzirani kusunga anyezi m'nyengo yozizira.

Kuphulika kwakukulu kwa turnips kumasonyezedwa ndi kutha kwa nthenga ndi nthenda, komanso kuuma kwa nsongazo. Panthawiyi, khosi la anyezi limakhala lofewa ndi kupatulira, ndipo mankhusu amatenga kuwala ndi golide wapadera kwa izi zosiyanasiyana.

Nkofunika kuti musazengereze kukolola masamba, chifukwa ndizotheka kuti mizu idzabwereranso ndikukula. Makope oterowo sadzakhalanso oyenerera kusungirako nthawi yaitali. Kuwonjezera apo, nkofunika kukhala ndi nthawi yosonkhanitsa zipatso pamaso pa usiku kutentha ndi mame akugwa. Turnips sichifulumira kuyeretsa sitolo. Atachotsa zina mwa mizu ndi zouma zouma, mbewuyo imayikidwa pa bedi ndi wosanjikiza, ndikusiya masiku 10 kuti uume.

Zingakhale zothandiza kupereka zakuthupi pakagwa mvula. Ngati nyengo isalole kuyanika pansi pa dzuwa, mababu ayenera kufalikira mu mpweya wabwino komanso chipinda chouma.

Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kwambiri kuyanika mababu masiku 10 kuti awagwire kutentha kwa + 30 ° C, ndipo pambuyo pake maola 10 akuwonjezera digiri ndi zizindikiro 10. Njirayi imalimbikitsa kusunga khalidwe ndi kusokoneza mbewu.

Idzakhala nyumba yosungiramo masamba. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito kuika matani anyezi, omwe ndi opindulitsa kwambiri pa zinthu zochepa. Iwo amangirizidwa kumbuyo kupita kulikonse. Koma njira yosungirako siyikuthandizira kuchotsa masamba. Komanso, zipatso zokha zokha ndizoyenera.

Video: Njira yosungiramo anyezi

Mavuto ndi malingaliro

Kukulitsa mitundu ya Centurion sikumayambitsa mavuto ngakhale oyambirira, koma kuphwanya kwakukulu mu teknoloji yaulimi kungakhale chifukwa cha zotsatira zoipa kwambiri. Ndipo ngati muwasiya popanda kusamala, ndiye kuti mutha kutaya zokololazo.

Pano pali mavuto akulu omwe oyimilira akumana nawo pa kulima anyezi:

1. Kukula kosavuta kwa turnips ndi matenda omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri - vuto limabuka chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mbewu kapena posankha oyipawo. Pofuna kupewa izi, musadye mabedi anyezi pamalo omwewo chaka ndi chaka. Ndi bwino kubzala mbewu pambuyo pa kabichi ndi nkhaka.
2. Kupanda kukula kwa turnips - nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamene wolima masamba samayang'ana acidity ya dothi ndipo anasankha chamoyo chosakaniza cha anyezi. Zikatero, phulusa la simenti kapena deoxidizer ina imakhala yopulumutsidwa. Kudyetsa kanthawi kwa zomera ndi ammonium sulphate, potaziyamu sulphate kapena superphosphate n'kofunikanso.
3. Kuwonekera kwa maluwa otchedwa grayish pa nthenga ndi chizindikiro chowonekera cha kukula kwa chiyambi cha powdery mildew. Matendawa amatha kusamba mosavuta, pamene madzi amatha kugwa pa masamba. Simungakhoze kuthira madzi anyezi mwa kuwaza. Mungayesetse kusunga mkhalidwe mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kubzala mankhwala ophera fungicidal. Ngati matendawa ali ndi matenda aakulu, ma turnips omwe amakhudzidwa ayenera kuchotseratu ndi kuchotsedwa m'munda. Chifukwa cha vutoli chingakhalenso udzu wosasunthika.
4. Mafuta ndi masamba owonda ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha kusowa kwa zinthu zina za nayitrogeni. Kuwongolera chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe kudzathandiza kudyetsa osadulidwa. Kuwerengera mlingo wa njira yowonongeka, onetsetsani kuti mukuganiza za mlingo wa pH m'nthaka. Zingakhale zofunikira nthawi yomweyo kuwonjezera ufa wa laimu kapena dolomite.
5. Mphuno yotsekedwa kapena yakuda ya nthenga imasonyeza kusowa kwa phosphorous.
6. Mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi mawonekedwe a makwinya amasonyeza kufunikira kokonza potashi.
7. Mbalame yoyera ndi tsamba lopweteka limachitika pamene mbewu imalandira magnesium yochepa.

   Mukudziwa? Mu Kievan Rus, anyezi ankadziwika kuti ndi mankhwala othetsera matenda, monga: mliri, khate, kolera komanso typhoid. Ndipo nthawi zonse zamasamba zamasamba zinkapachikidwa m'malo ogona kuti azitsuka mlengalenga ndi mizimu yoipa.

8. Kuwombera kochepa, maonekedwe opanda moyo ndi nthenga zobiriwira zonyezimira - chizindikiro chakuti masamba amafunika mkuwa.

Ndizo zonse zinsinsi za kukula kwa Dutch hybrid Centurion. Njira zambiri zogwirira ntchito zaulimi zimakhala zosiyana ndi mitundu ina, koma pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imasiyanitsa mtundu wosakanizidwa ndi anthu ena. Ndi chifukwa cha iwo kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakonda okonda masamba. Tikukhulupirira kuti sangakukhumudwitseni inu, ndipo malingaliro athu athandizira kukwaniritsa zokolola zabwino.

Mukudziwa? Pa kujambula zakale kwambiri zakale za ku Aigupto, zomwe zinachitika kuyambira pafupifupi 2800 BC, chithunzi cha turnips anyezi chinapezeka. Aigupto anayamikira kwambiri chikhalidwe ichi monga mankhwala a matenda amtundu uliwonse, choncho anaikidwa m'manda a pharao, komanso pofuna kupeŵa matenda amtundu uliwonse omwe adayambitsa akapolo ku zakudya.