Kodi n'zotheka kudzala phwetekere pa mbande popanda malo ndi momwe mungayigwiritsire ntchito molondola?

Zomwe zachitikira wamaluwa nthawi zonse zimakonza njira zowonjezera mbeu za dziko, kusankha zosangalatsa, zosankha zachuma komanso zabwino momwe angapezere zipatso zokolola.

Imodzi mwa njira zosakhala zachikale ndi zoyambirira za kukula mbande za tomato - kutenga tomato mbande popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi nthaka.

Kuwonjezera pa nkhaniyi tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za njira iyi yowonjezera tomato, za ubwino ndi zovuta za njirayi ndi momwe mungakonzekerere mbewu za mbande. Kuti ziwoneke, nkhaniyi idzawonetsedwa ndi kanema kothandiza kuwunika.

Kodi ndikofunika kufesa mbewu za tomato pansi?

Sikoyenera kuwabzala mu nthaka yoyenera kuti mbeu za tomato zidzamera.. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chikhalidwe mwa iwo chimapanga zinthu zothandiza zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu kuti zimere mbande. Malowa adzafunika patapita nthawi, pamene mphamvu zawo zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera masamba oyambirira ndi moyo wamtsogolo omwe amafunikira thandizo kuchokera kunja. Mpaka nthawi ino, mbewu zimatha kumva bwino ndikukula mbande mu njira zopanda pake.

Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kukwera koteroko

Aliyense akhoza kukula tomato kuchokera ku mbewu popanda njira, koma izi zisanachitike, ubwino ndi zoyipa za njirayi ziyenera kuphunzitsidwa.

Zotsatira

Mwachiwonekere izo Momwe zimakhalira mbande mu nyumba, kupeŵa kugwiritsa ntchito dothi kumachepetsa moyo wa mlimi. Danga lalikulu limasungidwa kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito posunga zitsamba ndi zomera, palibe chiopsezo chotsitsa nthaka, ndondomeko yobzala mbewu sizifuna khama. Zopindulitsa zina za kuphuka popanda mbande za mbande poyerekeza ndi zowerengeka zimaphatikizapo zotsatirazi.

• Ikukuthandizani kuti muone ngati mbewu zapadera zimakhala bwino. Pogwiritsira ntchito njirayi, kanyumba kanyumba sikangotayika konse pokhapokha pali mbande za mbewu zosakanidwa.
• Amapereka ndalama zokonzekera mbande. Palibe chofunikira kugula njira zamtengo wapatali ndi zipangizo zowonjezera mbande, ndipo zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (filimu) zingagwiritsidwe ntchito nyengo zingapo.
• Amachepetsa nthawi ya kusintha kwa mbande mutatha kuika pansi pa masiku 10-14. Mizu ya mbewu zowonongeka ikaikidwa mu nthaka sionongeka, yomwe imalola kuti mbeuyo ikhale m'malo atsopano mufupikitsa.
• Kumachepetsa kuchepetsa. Zokwanira kukonzekera chidebe chokula mbande mukutentha ndikukhazikika nthawi zonse.
• Amalola kubzala mbande osati nthawi yomweyo, koma pang'onopang'ono, monga tomato amakula.
• Sichikuphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa mbeu kuchokera ku matenda opatsirana. Mbande zimakula kukhala wathanzi komanso wamphamvu.

Wotsutsa

Pofufuza njira zopanda nyemba za mbatata ku mbande, nkofunika kudziwa ubwino, komanso zovuta zina.

• Kubzala mbewu kumachitika patapita nthawi.. Pofesedwa mbande zoyambirira zimatha kupangidwa ndi masamba osweka komanso achikasu.
• Simungaphonye nthawi yosankha zomera. Kuwombera pansi kumafunika pokhapokha kutuluka masamba oyambirira.

Khwerero ndi Gawo Malangizo

Taganizirani njira zina zomwe mungamerekere mbatata popanda kugwiritsa ntchito dothi pakhomo.

Mu mabotolo apulasitiki

Pogwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki, pali njira ziwiri - ma roll ndi halves. Muyenera kusankha zokhazokha zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito:

• mabotolo a pulasitiki kapena makapu;
• pepala lachimbudzi;
• kusamalitsa kwa laminate;
• phulani mfuti kuti iwononge;
• chingamu cha zingwe.

Kenako, chitani zotsatirazi.

1. Dulani pamwamba pa botolo.
2. Sakanizani kutsekemera ndi kutaya pafupifupi theka la mita yaitali ndi 20 cm pamwamba.
3. 4-5 zigawo za mapepala osungira amadzimadzikidwa pamapepala odulidwa.
4. Pa mtunda wa masentimita 2 kuchokera kumbali ndi 5 masentimita kwa wina ndi mzake, kufalitsa mbewu mu mzere umodzi.
5. Phizani nyembazo ndi mapepala a pepala, komanso zowonjezera kwambiri ndi botolo la kutsitsi.
6. Gulu la substrate (kusungunula) limapindikizidwa ndi kuikidwa pamtunda mu chidebe chokonzekera cha pulasitiki.
7. Botolo lililonse la pulasitiki liri ndi thumba ndi mabowo opangidwa.

Kwa njira yachiwiri (yopingasa kapena yopera) mudzafunika:

• mabotolo a pulasitiki;
• pepala lachimbudzi;
• mfuti.

1. Chomera cha pulasitiki chimadulidwa mu magawo awiri ofanana m'litali.
2. Mbewu za tomato zidaikidwa pansalu yosanjikiza.
3. Muzigawo zonse za botolo mumagulu angapo a zipilala.
4. Mabotolo ndi mbewu ali mu chidebe cha pulasitiki chosasindikizidwa ndi dzenje lopangidwa kale lopuma.
5. Moisten napkins nthawi zonse, kuwaletsa kuti asawume.
6. Ndi maonekedwe a masamba a cotyledon, mapikidwe amachitika padziko lapansi.

Timapereka kuwona kanema yowonera ndi njira yobzala mbatata m'mabotolo apulasitiki:

Mu utuchi

Pakuti njira iyi idzafunika:

• sawdust;
• zida;
• filimu.

1. Musanagwiritse ntchito utuchi, ndibwino kuti muwakonzekere (amawalola kugona pansi, kutsanulira madzi otentha pa iwo, kuwasakaniza iwo).
2. Pansi pa zitsamba 10-15 masentimita pamwamba zimaphimbidwa ndi polyethylene.
3. Zithunzi zotupa zimayikidwa muzitsulo.
4. Kuzama kwa masentimita 2 ndipo mtunda wa masentimita asanu ukhale mbewu za tomato.
5. Mbeu zimabzala ndi tulo tating'ono ta utuchi.
6. Chidebecho chimaphatikizidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika kuwala.
7. Amayendetsa chinyontho cha utuchi, nthawi zina amawathira.
8. Polyethylene imachotsedwa pamene mphukira yoyamba ikuwonekera.
9. Chosankhidwa choyamba chimapangidwa mu gawo la masamba a cotyledonary.

M'mapulogalamu

Kuti mupeze njira iyi:

• filimu yokhazikika ya wowonjezera kutentha;
• nthaka yonyowa;
• chingamu.

Njira yoyamba yobzala tomato mumaseŵera.

1. Filimuyo imadulidwa mu zidutswa 20-30 cm.
2. Pamwamba pa firimuyi kuti muike nthaka yothira.
3. Ikani mphukira pamwamba pa nthaka kuti masamba ali pamwamba pa filimuyi.
4. Phimbani mphukira ndi nthaka yochepa.
5. Pezani filimuyo "chikhomo", ndikuyikweza pansi ndi chitetezo ndi gulu la mphira.
6. Zida zonse zimapangidwa mu chidebe ndikuyika pamalo owala.

Kuti apeze nthaka yabwino, nthaka ya maluwa imasakaniza ndi manyowa (humus), peat mofanana kwambiri ndi kuwonjezera mchenga ndi phulusa laling'ono.

Powasamalira tomato ku convolutions, obzalidwa mwanjira yoyamba, muyenera kumwa madzi nthawi zonsekotero kuti nthaka nthawi zonse imakhala hydrated ndi kuwonjezera mchere feteleza kwa zinyumba zamkati. Masamba atatu oyambirira akawoneke, mipukutu ikufalikira ndipo supuni yowonjezera ya pansi ikuwonjezeredwa kwa iwo. Ndi coagulation yowonjezerapo kuti mupangidwe mu chidebe, pansi pamunsi sichigwada. Mofananamo, perekani 1 supuni ya padziko lapansi masabata awiri musanadzalemo mbande pansi.

Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri, zochita zoterezi zimatengedwa.

1. Firimuyi imadulidwa n'kukhala kutalika kwa masentimita 10.
2. Pamwamba pa pepala muli kukula komweku ndi kumatsanulira ndi botolo la kutsitsi.
3. Mbeu za phwetekere zimayikidwa pa pepala 3-4 masentimita padera.
4. Mbewu yomwe imakonzedwa mumzere umodzi ili ndi mapepala ndi zidutswa zina za filimu.
5. Zomangira zowonjezera zimayikidwa mwamphamvu mu chidebe chodzaza madzi ochulukirapo kuti asungunuke mbewu. Mphamvu yokhala ndi phukusi ndi mabowo ndipo ili m'malo ofunda.
6. Monga biostiyatorator for activation of kukula kwa mphukira n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito madzi aloe, kupasuka m'madzi.

Njira yachiwiri yobzala mu kansalu imafuna kuyendayenda tsiku ndi tsiku kwa mbande kwa mphindi 15, kusintha madzi, kudyetsa pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mphukira komanso maonekedwe a masamba.

Kenaka, kanema ndi kubzala kwa mbande ya phwetekere mu nsalu:

Timapereka kuti tiwone vidiyo yothandiza ndi njira ina yodzalitsira mbatata popanda malo:

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji mbewu?

Kusamalira mbewu ndi kukonzekera kwawo. Njira zopanda mbande zopanda madzi zimafunikanso njirayi. Zochita izi ndizo:

• mankhwala mu potassium permanganate;
• kutentha;
• kuumitsa;
• akukwera.

Ndi zofunika kukonzekera chiwerengero cha mbewu pang'ono kuti panthawi yopatsa mbeu pali mwayi wosankha zabwino.

Mukhoza kuwerenga za kukonzekera kwa mbeu za phwetekere kuti mubzalidwe kuchokera m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi ndi liti komanso momwe mungabzalidwe mbande mu chidebe ndi dothi?

Mbande sizimachotsedwa pamapepala amadzi onyowa mpaka mapepala oyambirira akuwoneka.. Kenaka amaikidwa pansi.

1. Pambuyo pochotsa majeremusi pamapepala, amasankhidwa: awo omwe adayambitsa mizu amapita patsogolo, ndipo zina zamphamvu zimatsutsidwa.
2. Mphukira, yomwe idayamba ku nthambi, iyenera kuchepetsedwa kukula kwa mmera.
3. Mitengo yaing'ono imabzalidwa pansi, yomwe ndi theka yodzazidwa ndi zitsulo ndi mabowo.
4. Pambuyo pozama, chomera chilichonse chimayambitsidwa ndi madzi kutentha.
5. Zitsulo zomwe zili ndi mbande zili ndi filimu ndipo zimatumizidwa ku malo otentha usiku.
6. M'mawa, zitsulo zokhala ndi mbande zikhoza kuikidwa pawindo.
7. Pamene tomato amakula, nthaka imayikidwa ku chidebe chilichonse.

Muzinthu zina zonse, dongosolo la kusamalira mbande popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka silosiyana ndi lachikale.

Zolakwitsa zotheka

Zolakwitsa zambiri pamene mukukula tomato popanda kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka ndizo zotsatirazi.

• Chigumula cha pepala mu chidepala cha pulasitiki. Pamene wetting napkins (pepala la chimbudzi), muyenera kutsimikiza kuti pepalayo imakhala yonyowa, koma osati yophimbidwa ndi madzi. Siyani chinyontho chowonjezera mu chidebe.
• Zing'onozing'ono zochepa pakati pa mbewu. Ngati simukulemekeza mtunda pakati pa mbeu, mizu yawo idzaphulika ndipo idzaonongeka pamene idzaphulika.

Kuwonekera kwa njira zosiyanasiyana zokula mbande za tomato popanda dothi kumalongosola ndi kufunikira kwa anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe kuti apange njirayi mosavuta. Njira izi zimapangitsa kuti pasakhale matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu, pomwe nthawi ndi malo. Chifukwa cha njira zamakono zobzala mbewu za tomato, aliyense wamaluwa amatha kukula tomato ku mbewu monga momwe zimakhalira kwa iye.