Mwinamwake palibe mwini wa malo ochezera omwe angaganizire nyengo ya chilimwe popanda nkhaka zamphamvu zomwe zimadula mano ake.
Koma zimakhumudwitsa kwambiri pamene mbande za nkhaka zimafa, osati kulola kukolola, koma ngakhale kukula mbewu.
Chifukwa chake izi zimachitika, yesani kuzilingalira.
Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana
Zomwe zimakhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda a mbatata ndizo zotsatirazi:
- Kuwonekera kwa chikasu pa mitsempha ya masamba owona;
- Kupukuta ndi kuthirira tsinde pansi pa masamba a cotyledon;
- Tsamba lofiira;
- Kusokoneza chifukwa palibe chifukwa;
- Kusaka masamba ndi kusintha kwa kugonjetsedwa ku zimayambira.
Matenda a nkhaka mbande, tsamba la tsamba:
Masamba a masamba a Yellow
Kuwonekera kwa chikasu pamitsinje ya masamba kumayanjanitsidwa ndi matenda a zomera, HIV carrier ndi whitefly fodya. Munthu wamkulu wa whitefly pambuyo pa maminiti 30-35 akudyetsa pa kachilombo kachilomboka amayamba kukhala kachilombo ka HIV.
Wothandizira kachilombo kawirikawiri amasungidwa mu dzungu. Ndi kudya kotereku kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, matendawa amafalitsidwa ku zomera zabwino.
Popanda kuwoneka kwachizindikiro, mitundu imadwala, komanso nkhaka zoumba zouma ndi njuchi. Koma Mitundu ya parthenocarpic (self-pollinated) imakhudzidwa kwambiri.. Kuwonetsedwa ngati mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri mu zokolola, kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito fruiting. Kuonongeka kwa kachilombo kungayambitse kupha imfa.
Chitetezo cha kachilombo
Zosintha palibe chitetezo. Kupewa kachilombo ndiko kulima kusagonjetsedwa ndi matenda a chiopsezo. Mwachitsanzo, Ghazal F1, Rhythm F1.
Tsinde kuponda
Pofufuza, mwapeza mbande zakufa. Onani chomera mwatsatanetsatane. Ngati mukupeza kupopera kwa mphukira ngati mawonekedwe a stemps, izi ndi matenda a fungal - nkhaka muzu zowolaAmayambitsa nthawi zambiri mwa kuphwanya kukula kwa zinthu zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri mbande. Chifukwa chiyani mbande za nkhaka zikugwa:
- Kupititsa patsogolo zakudya zambiri feteleza wamchere kapena mullein;
- Kusintha kwakukulu mu kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku;
- Kuthira kwakukulu kapena kuthirira madzi ozizira.
Zifukwa izi zimayambitsa kuthira ndi kutsitsa tsinde la mmera pansi pa masamba a cotyledon, otsatiridwa ndi malo okhala mbande. Chowongolera cha bowa ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti mizu iwonongeke.
Kodi nkhaka mbande zikugwa? Chochita
Musamabzala m'malo amodzi chaka chilichonse.. Bowa akhoza kusungidwa m'nthaka. Sinthani nthaka kapena chitani chithandizo cha nthaka musanadzalemo ndi kuthirira ndi pinki ya potassium permanganate yotenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 65-70.
Mtengo wa kulimbana ndi kuchepetsa ulimi wothiriramakamaka mu nthawi ya kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Lembetsani kuchuluka kwa feteleza ntchito. Imwani nyemba ndi madzi ofunda madzulo.
Tsamba lofiira
Mwachitsanzo, pali tsamba lokhalitsa masamba lomwe lingabwere chifukwa chapafupi, ndilo kusowa chinyezi kuti chikhale chitukuko chokwanira. Pamene chomera chikukula, masamba ake amayamba kutuluka mchere wambiri kuchokera pamwamba pa pamwamba kuposa momwe amalandira kuchokera ku mizu.
Pachifukwa ichi, tsamba lokhalira masamba lidzakhala chitetezo cha pulayimale. Chomeracho chimafuna kuchepetsa tsamba limene tsamba limakhalapo. Kuwonjezeka kosavuta kwa madzi okwanira ulimi wothirira kudzathetsa mbande zako ku matendawa..
Pofufuza, mumapeza nthaka yochepa, koma panthawi yomweyi imagwedeza masamba a zomera. Choncho mbewu imatha kuyankha kusowa kwa nthaka kwa kufufuza zinthu. Choyamba, ndi phosphorous, sulfure, magnesium. Pofuna kuthetsa chifukwa chake, ulimi wothirira pamodzi ndi feteleza ndi fetereza zamchere zomwe zili ndi micronutrients yofunikira kuti chitukuko chikhale chokwanira.
Pankhani ya kufota ndipo ngati nkhaka mbande ndi zophimbidwa masamba pambuyo kutumiza zomera ku ridge Zingakhale zojambula za foliar.
Zojambula zovala zoterezi zikhoza kugulidwa pazipangizo zodziwika bwino za horticultural, kapena mukhoza kuziphika nokha.
Ndikwanira kuthetsa magalamu 150 a urea mu chidebe cha madzi. Sungani masamba a chomera ndi kukonzekera yankho. Kudyetsa kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti muzipangidwe mofulumira kwambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muzitha kuyang'ana pambali mwa masamba a mbande.
Kupititsa patsogolo kulibe chifukwa chomveka
Zizindikiro izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri. chifukwa chakufa kwa mzuwu, ngakhale kuti ziwonetsero zowonongeka zingaoneke panthawi iliyonse ya chitukuko cha zomera. Chifukwa chachikulu chotirira madzi ozizira kapena kuzirala kwa bokosi ndi mbande zothirira.
Mbande zikutsalira kumbuyo pakukula, mbande sizikukula. Kufa kwina kwa chomera kumaonedwa.
Palibe njira yothetsera matendawa. Pulumutsani mbewu zokhazokha, ngati simunaphonye nthawi yobzala. Werengani zambiri za kukonzekera mbewu musanafese.
Nchifukwa chiyani nkhaka mbande zimafa?
Ambiri, makamaka alimi wamaluwa, akudabwa chifukwa chake nkhaka zamasamba zimatembenuka chikasu ndi zowuma ndikumamatira kulima. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri ndi Kuukira pa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Izi zimaphatikizapo nthata zamagulu, komanso aphid. Mavitamini onsewa amawononga masamba, akuyamwa timadzi timene timayenera kuti tipeze chonde. Ndipo izi zimabweretsa maonekedwe achikasu ndi kuyanika masamba.
Gulu la Aphid
Dziwani kuti zowonongeka kwa zomera zingakhale zowonekera, malingana ndi mtundu wosinthika ndi mawonekedwe a masamba. Kuwoneka pa masamba kumaoneka "usana"- ichi ndi chonyansa chopweteka.
Ndikofunika kuyesa mbande za chidziwitso cha tizilombo. Ngati nsabwe za m'masamba zikuchitika, ndiye kuthandizira mankhwala ndi mankhwala Decis kapena Inta-vir pomvera mwatsatanetsatane malangizo okhudza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Werengani zambiri polimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba.
Kangaude mite
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndizochepa kwambiri pa kuyesa kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa nkhupakuka sikutheka. Zimatsimikiziridwa pamene masamba amasonyeza zizindikiro zowononga. Powonongeka kwakukulu, mawanga a chimbudzi choyera amawonekera, pomwe patina wa intaneti ikuwonekera.
Njira zothandizira
Pofuna kupewa kuonongeka kwa mbande ndi tizirombo, njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kutengedwa:
- Muzitha kubzala mbewupamene kukhudzana pakati pa masamba sikuchotsedwa;
- Kusunga ulamuliro wa tsiku ndi tsiku - Tsiku 22-24, usiku 16-18 madigiri Celsius;
- Kuthirira kutentha kutentha.
Mosamala sankhani mitundu yosakaniza nkhaka.
Komanso kutsatira malamulo agrotechnical ndi tizilombo kuwonongeka kupewa.
Zonsezi ndi chisamaliro choyenera zidzakuthandizani kuti mukhale ndi mbande zabwino, zomwe zidzakhala zofunikira pa zokolola zanu.
Ngati, komabe, zomera zako zikudwala, ndiye mu nkhani yomwe tafotokoza momwe tingachitire nkhaka mbande za matenda?
Zida zothandiza
Onani zina zothandiza nkhaka mbande zowonjezera:
- Momwe mungakulire pawindo, khonde komanso pansi?
- Malangizo okula m'mitsuko yambiri, makamaka pa mapepala ndi mapiritsi.
- Pezani masiku odzala malingana ndi dera lanu.
- Zifukwa zomwe mbande zimachokera?
