Ulemu wa ku South Africa ku Russia: momwe ungakulire ndi gerbera

Gerbera ndi therere losatha la banja la Compositae (kapena Aster). Mitundu pafupifupi 70 imadziwika. Dziko lakwawo ndi South Africa.

Pali nthano za gerberas. Nymph Forest wotchedwa Gerba amakomera ndi kukongola kwake osati anyamata okha, komanso atsikana. Kusamala kwambiri mwamsanga posachedwa kunatopa nymph yokongola, iye ankafuna kukhala duwa lokongola ndi lodzichepetsa, lomwe kenako linadzatchedwa gerbera.

M'nkhani yathu mudzaphunzira kumene maluwa odabwitsa amachokera, pambuyo pake atatchulidwa. Tidzakuuzani momwe mungamere gerberas ndikuwasamalira bwino. Mukhozanso kuyang'ana kanema yothandiza pa mutuwo.

Chiyambi cha duwa

Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa sayansi za chomeracho kunawonekera mu ntchito za botanist wa ku Dutch E. Gronovius mu 1737. Gerbera anayamba kutcha chomera ichi polemekeza dokotala wa Germany ndi T. Gerber wazamankhwala. Mitundu yamakono yamakono yowonekera chifukwa cha kudutsa mitundu iwiri ya ku South Africa - gerbera ya Jameson ndi tsamba la masamba obiriwira. Gerbera ndi imodzi mwa miyambo yofunika kwambiri ya floriculture, yogulitsidwa padziko lonse pamodzi ndi ma rose, carnation, chrysanthemum ndi tulip.

Gerbera - chomera chowala ndi chakuda chomwe chimatha kukula m'mayiko otentha pamtunda. Pakatikati gulu likhoza kukhala wamkulu pokhapokha mu wowonjezera kutentha. Palibe mitundu yoweta ku Russia, kotero gerbera sinafike pamalo ake abwino.

Maluwa amakhala

Maluwa a Gerbera ali ofanana ndi ma daisies (amasonkhanitsidwa mumapanga, omwe amawoneka ngati amodzi ndi kufika 0.04-0.15 mamita mwake). Pakhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kupatula pa buluu. Pali mitundu yambiri yawiri ndi yosiyana, yosiyana pakati pawo ndi chiwerengero cha "petals", kutalika ndi m'lifupi.

Kukula kwapakhomo panyumba

Mbewu za zomerazi zimapezeka mosavuta pa masamulo a masitolo ogulitsa maluwa.. Koma chomeracho ndi chosatha, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira sichitha kukhala ndi pogona kapena opanda pogona. Chomera ichi chilimwe chikhoza kubzalidwa m'munda mu mphika. Ndipo kwa dzinja m'pofunika kuyeretsa kunyumba, chifukwa choyamba frosts chidzapha masamba a chomera.

Gerbera amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa omwe ali kale miphika. Mukabweretsa kunyumba, pakapita nthawi, mudzazindikira kuti imataya maonekedwe ake, imatha kusamba, ndipo masamba amatha. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti gerbera ndi chomera chofunikira kwambiri.

Zinthu zomwe gerbera idzaphukira ndipo sizidzatha:

• Kuwala kowala. Chomeracho chiyenera kukula pamtunda. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, kuti gerbera ikhale bwino, imafunika kuunikira kwina ngakhale pawindo lakumwera.
• Mtengo wa dziko lapansi. Kamodzi atabweretsedwa kuchokera ku sitolo, ndibwino kuti musamuke msangamsanga mumphika waukulu. Patatha milungu iŵiri, pamene chomera chimayamba mizu kuti chiyambe kudyetsa. Dyetsani chomera fetereza kwa maluwa, ali ndi zakudya zambiri.
• Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse. Kuwongolera pang'ono kwa gawo lapansi kumapangitsa kuti masambawo asapse, ndipo amagwa.
• Kufufuza kosatha. Gerbera ali ndi masamba osakhwima kwambiri, omwe amakonda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Penyani kanema pa zochitika za chisamaliro cha gerbera kunyumba:

Njira zoberekera

Pali njira zitatu zofalitsira ndikukula gerbera. Taganizirani izi.

Mbewu

Imeneyi ndi njira yophweka, nthawi zina sizimagwira ntchito chifukwa mbewu zowuma sizimera bwinobwino. Pofuna kubzala bwino zimalimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zatsopano za gerbera.. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yofesa mbewu ndi masika.

Kufesa mbewu kumakhala kosavuta, mbewu zimayikidwa pansi pamtunda wa chidebe cha pulasitiki, kuziyika pamwamba, zokhala ndi nthaka youma ndikupiritsidwanso. Onetsetsani kuti muike pansi pa nyali.

Ndikofunikira: Mitundu yaitali ya gerberas imakula panja.

Pamene duwa liri ndi timapepala 2-3, ndi kofunika kuti tipeze choyamba.. Chotsatira chotsatira chikuchitidwa mu gawo la masamba 5, koma miphika yambiri. Chakudya chimayamba kupereka mwezi mutatha kukhala miphika yambiri (kuti mumve zambiri za kukula kwa gerbera kuchokera ku mbewu, werengani apa).

Onerani kanema pa kukula kwa gerbera ku mbewu:

Gawani

Amakulolani kuti mupange zomera zambiri kuchokera kwa munthu wamkulu. Izi zimakhudza munthu wamkulu, kupeza mnyamata wachiwiri, akupitiriza kukula ndikukula. Mbadwo woyenera wa gerbera woyenera kugawa umawonedwa kukhala wa zaka 4.

Chitani njirayi m'chilimwe. Ngati chomeracho chitatha, m'pofunikira kuti muchichotsereni kunja kwa maluwa, gwedezani pansi ndikugawikana ndi mpeni.

Gawo lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi masamba angapo, mbali yopulumukira pansi ndi gawo la mizu. Mizu yaitali kwambiri imadulidwa, kusiya 10-15 masentimita m'litali.

Cuttings

Gwiritsani ntchito kawirikawiri chifukwa chochepa kwambiri. Gawo la tsinde lomwe liri ndi tsamba limadulidwa ndikubzala mu bokosi lapadera ndi nthaka kutentha kosachepera madigiri 20.

Kubzala ndi kusamalira maluwa kunyumba

Chomeracho chiyenera kukhala pa chiwembu chokhala ndi dzuwa. Mukhoza kulima gerberas mu nthaka iliyonse, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti musamalidye feteleza. Madzi sayenera kugwedezeka. Dothi ladothi silingakonzedwe chifukwa chodzala gerberas, monga chomera ichi chimakhala ndi matenda a fungal, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi feteleza.

Mofananamo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gerbera imabzalidwa muzinthu za chipinda. Chomera chokha ndichokakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito perlite kapena gawo lochepa la acidic lomwe silingayambe matenda a fungal. Chipinda chokula mu pearlite chofunikira amafunika feteleza nthawi zonse ndi mchere feteleza..

Mankhwala omwe amakula mu gawo lapansi amafunika kudyetsa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Kudyetsa zomera m'nyengo yozizira sikofunikira. Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera, monga gawo liuma. Pakuti ulimi wothirira umagwiritsa ntchito madzi ofewa komanso osakaniza.

Pakati pa kukula kwachangu, gerbera imathiriridwa mochuluka, koma salola madzilogging.. Wotayika maluwa mwamsanga kuchotsedwa kuti chidwi kukula kwa maluwa mapesi.

Bungwe: M'nyengo yozizira, mphutsi imakumbidwa, imatsanulidwa ndi utuchi kapena mchenga ndipo imasungidwa pamalo owuma pamtunda wa madigiri 5-8 m'nyengo yozizira, kufikira masika.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Chitetezo chokwanira cha mbewu iliyonse imagwa ngati itasamalidwa bwino. Izi ndizo zimayambitsa matenda a gerber komanso kuti zimayambitsidwa ndi tizirombo.

• Kangaude mite. Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha mpweya wouma komanso kusowa kwa chinyezi. Pofuna kupewa izi, m'pofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzimitsa chipindacho ndipo musaiwale kuti muzimwa madzi.
• Mame a Mealy. Amaoneka akamamwe madzi ozizira, kutentha kwakukulu. Pamene matendawa ayenera kukhala osiyana ndi zomera zina zamkati.
• Whitefly ndi aphid. Imakhala pamsana kwa masamba ndikuika mazira. Kuberekera kumachitika mofulumira kwambiri. Zimayambira chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi.
• Mbuzi yoyera ndi imvi. Zikuwoneka chifukwa cha madzi. Mapepala okhudzidwa akulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa, kupopera mbewuyo ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa wa sulfate.

Phunzirani zambiri za chifukwa chake masamba a gerbera akutembenukira chikasu ndi momwe angagwirire nacho, werengani m'nkhaniyi.

Kugwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zonse za chisamaliro kudzakuthandizani kukula gerbera kunyumba popanda mavuto ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali kuyamikira maluwa ake okongola pawindo kapena m'munda.