Mbeu zosalala ndi zowawa za tsabola zotsekemera zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda omwe amakhudza chitukuko chake.
Ngati vuto silinathetse panthawi yake, imatha kufa msanga, ndipo matenda ena amakula mofulumira ndikugwira malo onse.
Kuwonjezera pa tsabola akhoza kudwala tomato, eggplant ndi zomera zina. Ndalama zazikulu zothandizira zothandizira wolima minda, koma chinthu chachikulu ndicho kupewa ndi kusamalira bwino.
Lero tidzakambirana za matenda a tsabola ndikulimbana nawo ndi chithunzi. Timafotokoza zizindikiro za matenda ndi njira zothandizira. Tiyeni tiwone chifukwa chake mbande za tsabola zimafa?
Zimayambitsa matenda
Kuthira mowa mopitirira muyeso, kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha, zitsulo zazikulu kwambiri, kukolola kosayenera, kusowa mpweya wabwino, kapena feteleza mopitirira muyeso - zonsezi zimakhudzanso zomera zazing'ono.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zingakhalenso:
- Mbeu zokhudzana ndi matendaosati kukonzedwa musanafese;
- ntchito zipangizo zam'munda ndi zitsulo zogwirizana ndi zomera zodwala;
- nthaka ndi tizilombo towononga ndi mphutsi za tizilombo.
Njira yabwino yotetezera idzayambitsa mbeu mu pinki yamdima ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena 3% ya hydrogen peroxide. Mabokosi a mbande ndi zipangizo amatsukidwa bwino, owiritsa ndi ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi potaziyamu permanganate, laimu chloride kapena njira zina.
Kwa kumtunda simungagwiritse ntchito munda kapena wowonjezera kutentha kwa nthaka, yomwe idakula kale tsabola, tomato kapena eggplant.
Njira yabwino - nthaka pansi pa udzu kapena greenery. Makamaka zothandiza tsabola ndi parsley, nyemba, mpiru.
Dziko lapansiayenera kukhala calcined kapena kutsanulira ndi aqueous njira zamkuwa sulfate. Zonsezi zikhoza kuwononga osati spores za bowa, komanso mphutsi za tizilombo tizilombo.
Njira yabwino yopezera - tillage ndi mmera phytosporin. Zouma kapena zogwiritsidwa ntchito za pasitimu zimadzipukutidwa ndi madzi kutentha kwa firiji, kuchuluka kwachindunji kumawonetsedwa pa phukusi. Mukhoza kuthana ndi thanzi labwino komanso odwala kale. Kuphatikizana ndi njira zina, mankhwalawa amapereka zotsatira zokhazikika polimbana ndi matenda a fungal ndi mabakiteriya.
Matenda a mbande tsabola ndikulimbana nawo, chithunzi
Matenda owopsa kwambiri ndi msuzi wakuda mu mbande za tsabolachochita? Ndizomveka kuzizindikira: gawo loyambira la tsinde lamdima, kenako limayamba kuuma ndi lochepetsetsa, kulepheretsa kupeza zakudya ndi chinyezi kumtunda. Pakapita patsogolo, mbande zimayamba kugwa mwamphamvu.
Zimayambitsa nyemba:
- thickening landings;
- madzi okwanira ambiri pa kutsika kochepa;
- mochuluka kwambiri nthaka yowawa.
Athandiza kulimbana ndi matendawa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa plantings pinki yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena mankhwala okonzekera mkuwa.
Kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku mu chipinda chiyenera kukwezedwa ku madigiri 22-24, usiku siyenera kugwera pansi pa madigiri 18.
Ngati mmera wafika pa msinkhu wa masiku khumi ndi limodzi, umayenera kuwedwa, osasankha miphika yayikulu kwambiri.
Mtengo woyenera ndi 100-150 ml. Nthaka yosankha ikhale yowala, ndi mchenga wambiri. Madzi amafunika madzi otentha, osapitirira 1 nthawi m'masiku asanu ndi limodzi. Pakusankha, mbande zonse zowawa zimakanidwa.
Msolo wakuda pa chithunzi cha mbande za tsabola:
Matenda ovuta kwambiri - wakuda bakiteriya spotting. Zimakhudza mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba okha. Choyamba choonekera pa mbande Mitundu yakuda yakuda, pang'onopang'ono chiwerengero chawo chikuwonjezeka. Kutsegula matenda kumayambitsa kufa kwa zomera.
Kulima kumachitika pamene chodzala chikukuta, kugwiritsa ntchito dothi kapena mbewu zowonongeka. Monga njira yothandizira, ikulimbikitsidwa kuti iwononge nthaka ndi vuto losauka-pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate ndipo nthawi zina kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa a plantings ndi phytosporin. Mitengo yogonjetsedwa imachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonongedwa..
Fusarium wilt. Matenda amodzi omwe amakhudza mbande pachiyambi pomwe, atatha kutulukira masamba a cotyledon. Masamba ayamba kufota, kutembenukira chikasu pamwamba, podulidwa pa phesi, tsitsi lofiira lavuni likuoneka bwino. Matendawa amafalikira kudzera mu zipangizo zamaluwa, mabokosi ndi miphika, ngakhale magolovesi.
Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa panthaŵi yake, zotsalira zotsalirazo zimapulitsidwa ndi phytosporin kapena mankhwala ena oletsa fungal. Chofunika pickling mbande ntchito kuwala, decontaminated nthaka.
Maonekedwe nkhungu pa nthaka ndi mbande zimawombetsa wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri. Komabe, si nkhungu yonse ndi yoopsa. Kuwala kukuyera pamwamba pa nthaka, zimangosonyeza kusoŵa kwa dzuwa komanso chinyezi chokwanira. Zidzathandiza kuyika mabokosi okhala ndi mbande kuwala kwa dzuwa kapena pansi pa nyali, komanso kuthirira mosamala ndi madzi ofunda komanso kutuluka mobwerezabwereza.
Nthaka yobzala iyenera kumasulidwa mosamala. Mukhoza kupukuta ndi pepala lochepa kwambiri la peat, limatetezera nkhungu ndikukhalabe ndi madzi.
Matenda oopsa kwambiri, omwe amawoneka pamapazi ndi mapesi a mbande. Chimodzi mwa matenda wamba ndi imvi zowolazomwe zimakhudza kwambiri mbande. Kuwoneka imvi pansi kumawoneka pansi pa zimayambira ndipo kumakwirira kwambiri nthaka. Ngati simukulimbana ndi nkhungu zakuda, zomera zimamwalira mwamsanga.
Kuwathandiza kupulumutsa kupopera mankhwala otsekemera a potaziyamu permanganate, njira yofooka ya vitriol buluu kapena antibacterial mankhwala.
Matenda ena owopsa ndi kuchepa kwachedwa. Kawirikawiri, tsabola amatenga kachilombo ka maluwa ndi ovary mapangidwe, koma nthawi zina mbande zimakhudzidwa. Zomera zazing'ono zimaphimbidwa ndi nkhungu pansi pa zimayambira, masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndi kupiringa. Mitengo yodwala iyenera kuchotsedwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwonongedwa.
Olima alimi omwe ali ndi chidziwitso amakhulupirira kuti tsabola kakang'ono ndi yotetezeka kwambiri m'masiku 100 oyambirira. Pang'onopang'ono, zomera zimakula mwamphamvu, kulandira chitetezo choteteza matenda. Kusindikiza mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi kumafuna zitsanzo zenizeni zathanzi, popanda zizindikiro za bowa, zofuna kapena matenda ena.
Kusunga malamulo a ukhondo mosamala, kuteteza dothi ndi mbeu, kusamba kwa nthawi yake komanso nyengo yabwino kutentha kumathandiza kukula ndi kukulitsa mbande ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda akuluakulu. Ngati, ngakhale, mbewu zimadwala, ndiye ziyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga.
Kotero, ife tinakambirana za kulima mbande za tsabola kunyumba, ndi matenda ati omwe angakhalepo, anatchula zifukwa zomwe achinyamata akudwala, choyenera kuchita ngati mawanga oyera kapena zowola zikuwonekera?
Zida zothandiza
Werengani nkhani zina pa mbande za tsabola:
- Kukula bwino kwa mbewu.
- Kodi mungapange bwanji nandolo zakuda, tsabola, zowawa kapena zokoma panyumba?
- Kodi akulimbikitsana bwanji ndi momwe angawagwiritsire ntchito?
- Chifukwa chachikulu chokoka mbande.
