Kukula tsabola kumbewu si ntchito yovuta kwa woyang'anira munda. Imodzi mwa nthawi zovuta - kunyamula ziphuphu zazing'ono, zofunika kuti chitukuko chitukule bwino.
Zosankha zimakhudzidwa ndi mphukira zamphamvu ndi zowonjezera, zofooka ndi zofooka zomwe zikuyenera kugwedezeka. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa mbande kumadalira kulungama kwa opaleshoniyo, choncho, iyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa, kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane masikuwo ndikuwonjezera chisamaliro cha zomera.
Nchifukwa chiyani tikusowa kusankha?
Kusankha ndiko kusamutsa mbande zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku chidebe chodziwika ku miphika.
Amaluwa ena amakhulupirira kuti kukatula mbande zokoma tsabola kumachepetsa kukula kwa mbande. Mzu wa tsabola wotsekemera ndi wofooka kwambiri, zomera zimamva zowawa.
Komabe, othandizira pa zosankha akukhulupirira kuti njirayi amalimbikitsa kuumitsa ndi kulimbikitsa zomera, ndi kuchedwa pang'ono pa kukula kumathandiza kokha, sikulola kuti mbande zisatuluke msanga. Pansi pa mbeu yobzala mbewu palibe vuto ndi kukula kwa mbande.
Kukolola koyamba kwa tsabola wokoma, komwe kumachitika pa siteji ya masamba a cotyledon, kumathandiza kuchepetsa vutoli.
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ogulitsa mafakitale, imatsimikizira kuti kuchuluka kwa miyendo yamtunduwu kumakhala kotsika kwambiri.
Kukolola koyamba kwa tsabola ku Bulgaria kumafuna kulamulira kolimba kwa kutentha ndi kuvomerezedwa kuyatsa kwa zomera.
Malire otha posankha
Kawirikawiri tsabola wokoma amasankha anagwira masiku 15-20 mutabzala mbewu. Panthawiyi zomera zimatulutsa masamba angapo enieni, mapesi amakula ndipo amafunikira zakudya zina.
Tsabola zofesedwa pakatikati pa mwezi wa February zidutsa pambuyo pa kutha kwa zaka khumi zoyambirira za March.. Pofika kumapeto kwa May, zomera zamasamba zidzakhala zokonzeka kubwezeretsanso mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi.
Ambiri wamaluwa amathera papepala lokoma pa kalendala ya mwezi. Izi ziyenera kuchitika nthawi ya mwezi wotsalira, motsogoleredwa ndi Sagittarius. Masiku amasiyana ndi chaka. Mu 2016, masiku opambana kwambiri posankha anayamba pa Marichi 1, 2 ndi 3.
Mizinga ndi nthaka
Kwa kusinthitsa amafunika miphika yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki kapena peat. Matanki sayenera kukhala aakulu kwambiri kuti asatenge acidification ya nthaka ndikuoneka ngati imvi zowola. Voliyumu yoyenera yosankha matanki ndi 100-150 ml. Kuthetsa madzi owonjezera pansi pa miphika ayenera kupanga mabowo a ngalande, ndipo zitsulozo zimakhala pazitali.
Kudzaza miphika kumakhala ndi pochvosmes yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala mbewu. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka komanso yathanzi, ya alkaline kapena yopanda ndale..
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Zokongola kwa chisakanizo cha turf ndi humus kapena wakale munda nthaka ndi peat.
Pofuna kusakanikirana ndi nthaka, mvula kapena mtsinje wa mchenga imasinthidwa. Kufunika kwa zakudya za gawoli kudzawonjezera gawo la superphosphate ndi phulusa. Onetsetsani nthaka bwinobwino. Sakanizani musanadzaze miphika.
Kusintha malamulo
Kodi mungasamuke bwanji tsabola wokoma? Musanasankhe chomera amafunikira kuthirira bwino. Kukumba mbande ku nthaka youma sikuletsedwa, chiopsezo chovulaza mizu yochepetsetsa ndi yaikulu. Zomera zimagwedezeka pang'ono ndi ndodo ndipo zimachotsedwa bwino ndi nsalu yaing'ono ya earthy. Kokani mbande kumbuyo kwa mapesi sangatheamachoka mosavuta.
Miphika ina imadzazidwa ndi dothi, nthaka yaying'ono. Kupuma kumapangidwira pakati, sapling imayikidwa mmenemo. Pansi la dzenje liyenera kukhala lokha kuti mizu ya mbewu ikhale yoyenera, popanda kupindika. Mbande ziyenera kufesedwa mokwanira, kugona ndi nthaka ku masamba a cotyledon.
Nthaka kuzungulira mphukirayo mokhazikika iphwanyika ndi zala zanu. Ngati dothi likukhazikika masiku angapo, mukhoza kutsanulira gawo lina m'zitsulo.
Alimi ena amakhulupirira kuti kuya kwa mbande kumayambitsa matenda a mwendo wakuda ndipo amasankha kubzala zomera ngati zosatheka. Kubzala kwa mbeu ndi koyenera kwambiri kwa mbande za masamba akulu kapena awiri.. Ndi bwino kuyesa njira zonse ndikusankha zomwe zikuwoneka bwino komanso zoyenera.
Nthaka mu mphika imapulitsidwa mochuluka ndi madzi ofunda osungunuka.. Ngati, atatha kuthirira, nthaka yatha, nthaka ina yowonjezera. Mitsuko yokhala ndi mbande imayikidwa mu chidebe ndi phala. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti miphika siigwedezeke panthawi yosamalira.
Chidebecho chimayikidwa pamalo okongola, mwachitsanzo, pa sill window. M'masiku oyambirira mutatha kunyamula, mbande ziyenera kukhala zosavuta kuzimitsa dzuwa ndi kutetezedwa ku zojambulazo.
Kutuluka mutatha kunyamula
Pakalipano Mitengo yowonjezera imafunika kuwala kofananitsa. M'nyengo yamvula, mbande ziyenera kuunikira ndi mababu a magetsi ndi mphamvu ya Watali 40-60. Patsiku lililonse masiku awiri miphika iyenera kusinthasintha kuti mbande ikhale yofanana.
Tsabola amakonda mwatsopano, osati wouma mphepo komanso ofunda kutentha. Kuti mbeu isapitirire, firiji imasungidwa kuchokera madigiri 20 mpaka 24 masana komanso osachepera 18 usiku. Kutentha kwadzidzidzi ndi mbande zozizira sizingakhoze kuima.
Kuthirira koyamba mutatha kunyamula kumachitika tsiku 4. Kenaka zomera zimathirira madzi nthawi 1 masiku asanu ndi limodzi. Pang'ono ndi miphika, mofulumira nthaka imatha. Pofuna kupeza mpweya ku mizu, m'pofunika kumasula nthaka mumatangi nthawi zambiri komanso mosamala kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi limodzi (5-6) mutatha kusankha, mukhoza kumera mbande aqueous njira ya zovuta mchere feteleza. Mbande ndi madzi othandiza omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zipolopolo za dzira kapena tiyi yakuda yakuda.
Mbeu, yomwe yapambana kudula, imakula bwino, imadwala, ndipo imalekerera kuika kutentha kapena pansi. Ndi malamulo onse a chisamaliro, ngakhale woyang'anira minda yamaphunziro angadalire kukolola bwino. Ndipo momwe tingasamalirire paprika yomwe tafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Zida zothandiza
Werengani nkhani zina pa mbande za tsabola:
- Kulima bwino mbewu ndi kuti zizitsitsimule musanafese?
- Kodi mungapange bwanji nandolo zakuda, tsabola, zowawa kapena zokoma panyumba?
- Kodi akulimbikitsana bwanji ndi momwe angawagwiritsire ntchito?
- Zifukwa zazikulu zomwe masambawo amapotoka pa mphukira, mbande zimagwera kapena zimachotsedwa, komanso chifukwa chake mphukira imamwalira?
- Zolinga za kubzala m'madera a Russia makamaka makamaka kulima mumzindawu, ku Siberia ndi ku Moscow.
- Phunzirani yisiti yopangira feteleza maphikidwe.
- Phunzirani malamulo oti mubzala Kibulgaria ndi tsabola wotentha.
