Mu malo obiriwira Kwa zaka zambiri ndizozoloŵera kukula zomera zosiyanasiyana, kawirikawiri pambali imeneyi njira yogwiritsiridwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Posachedwa, kufalikira kwakukulu hydroponics njira, ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuonjezera zokololazo, njira yabwino kuti zinthu zisawonongeke, dothi, ndi zina.
Njirayi ili ndi mbiri yakalekale - ndi iye yemwe adagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga imodzi mwa zodabwitsa za dziko - minda ya Semiramis.
Kodi hydroponics ndi chiyani?
Hydroponics ndi njira yapadera yokula zomera, zomwe ziri ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwake. Kudziwa zamatsenga ndi kutsatiridwa ndi matekinoloje kumatithandiza kuti tizitha kuyendetsa bwino zamasamba ndi zitsamba.
Kusiyanitsa kofunika mu hydroponics ndi kukhoza kudyetsa zomera ndi zinthu zothandiza (potaziyamu, zinki, calcium, sulfure, magnesium, chitsulo, phosphorous, nitrojeni, etc.). Monga gawo mphira wa foam ntchito, wothira dongo ndi zipangizo zina zofanana.
Kodi hydroponics amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji m'mitumba?
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa hydroponics mu wowonjezera kutentha kuli ndithu phindu poyerekeza ndi njira zachikhalidwe.
Njira iyi imalola kukwaniritsa zolinga zotsatirazi:
- zokolola zokolola, zomera zimalimbikitsidwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi zakudya komanso kumasulidwa kwawo mwamsanga;
- palibe kusowa kwa kuthirira nthawi zonseMasiku onse awiri ndidayenera kuwonjezera njira yothetsera vutolo;
- mizu imakhala yowonongeka nthawi zonse ndipo imasowa kuperewera kwa oxygen, nthawi zambiri zimachitika mukamabzala zomera m'nthaka;
- kuchepa kwake, chiwerengero cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tifupika - palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti aziwongolera;
- palibe ma radionuclides omwe amaunjikira mu zomera, nitrates ndi zitsulo zolemera, nthawizonse zimapezeka padziko lapansi.
Ndi zomera zotani zomwe zimayenera kulima hydroponic
Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zitsamba zamkati, ndipo tsopano njirayi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito polima masamba, zipatso, zitsamba.
Kawirikawiri ndi nkhaka, tomato, nyemba, strawberries, strawberries, parsley, udzu winawake wamatabwa, basil, rosemary, letesi, timbewu tonunkhira, ndi zina zotero.
Ku Japan, hydroponics imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mavwende, ndipo mbewu si yaikulu ngati idabzalidwa pansi. Ku Holland, njirayi ikufalikira mu kulima tulips, maluwa ndi zina zokongoletsa maluwa.
Kodi ndi zipangizo ziti zomwe zikufunikira
Chofunika kwambiri lero ndi malo omangidwe, malinga ndi mfundo yogwira ntchito, pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yawo.
Malinga ndi njira yopezera madzi, pali mitundu itatu yokha ya makonzedwe: aeroponic, drip and periodic flooding, zotsirizazo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Koma mu njira iliyonse, mosasamala njira yomwe imagwiritsiridwa ntchito, zakudya zosakaniza zimadyetsedwa muzitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zothandiza pakukula kwa zomera.
Chinthu chovomerezeka cha dongosolo lililonse ili mphika wa hydroomwe amakhala ndi mkati (nthawi zambiri pulasitiki) ndi mphamvu zakunja. Pansi ndi makoma pali mabowo omwe oxygen ndi zothandiza zochitika zimaperekedwa ku mizu.
Kubzala kumachitika mkati mwa chotengera chamkati chomwe chimadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi, lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati granules la dongo lowonjezera ndi kukula kwa 2 mm mm.
Zinthuzo sizinalowerere pambali, chifukwa cha mapangidwe a porous amapereka mpweya wabwino komanso madzi okwanira.
Chida chokonza mlingo wa madzi mu thanki chimayikidwa mu chidebe chamkati. Phika lakunja liyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino, lokongola ndi lodalirika, zitsulo, zitsulo, pulasitiki, nkhuni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga.
Hydroponics ingapangidwe ndi manja, zofunikira zofunika izi:
- chidebe chokhala ndi chivundikiro cha 10-15 malita;
- mphika, mphamvu yake yomwe iyenera kukhala yochepa kawiri;
- mpweya wa aquarium;
- zigawo za mapaipi apulasitiki;
- Kuwonjezera dothi - granules ayenera kukhala lalikulu mu kukula;
- Timer (pogwiritsira ntchito backlight yowonjezerapo, nthawi yowerengeka imayenera).
Zothetsera mavuto
Kukonzekera kwa yankho sizimasiyana ndi zovuta, chifukwa cha izi zimalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osankhidwa kapena opatulidwa. Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pH pokhapokha atayikidwa limodzi; mutatha kuyambitsa chinthu chilichonse, yankho liyenera kusakanizidwa bwino.
Gawo lirilonse la chitukuko cha zomera liyenera kukhala ndi mlingo wina wa magetsi, zomwe ziyenera kuyesedwa. Chisakanizocho chiyenera kusungidwa m'malo amdima.
Posachedwapa, kufunika kokonzekera njira yothetsera vutoli kwatha, popeza pali zosakaniza zosiyanasiyana zovuta.
Zomwe zimachitika zimayambira mu njirayi ngati mawonekedwe a chelates kapena sulphate, zoyambazo ndizo mamolekyumu opangidwa kuchokera kumapangidwe opangira, ntchito yawo ndi kusunga zofunikira zofunika.
Manyowa amadziwika bwino kwambiri, mosiyana ndi nthaka, panthawi yomwe sizingatheke kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zinthu zothandiza, monga chomera chimalandira ambiri a iwo padziko lapansi.
Zomwe zimakulira amadyera m'mafakitale a hydroponic
Mizu ya zomera sifunikira zakudya zokha, komanso mpweya wokha, mwinamwake iwo akhoza kufa basi. Zomera zonse ndizofunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kudya kwa mpweya. Hydroponics mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti yunifolomu ikuyenda ndi kutuluka kwa madzi. 
Ntchitoyi imaperekedwa ndi mpweya wamagetsi, umene umapereka zofunikira zofunika kuti chitukuko cha zomera chikule.
M'pofunika kudziwa kuti chinthu chachikulu cha chomera cha hydroponic ndicho kupatula kwake, zomera zomwe zimakula motere siziyenera kuchotsedwa kumsongole, tizirombo kapena matenda ochiritsidwa. Wowonjezera kutentha kwa hydroponic kulima kapena wowonjezera kutentha popanda ulimi wothirira ndi chinthu chopangidwa, chomwe chikukhala chotchuka kwambiri.
DIY hydroponic dongosolo
Odziwika kwambiri pakati pa alimi akupeza malo odyera a hydroponic opangidwa ndi manja awo.
Miyeso yopanga njira yotere:
- Dulani mu chivindikiro cha ndowa kuti mugwirire mphika.
- Pansi pansi, pangani mabowo awiri kuti mupeze yankho.
- Onetsetsani pampuni chubu ku khola limodzi, kulumikizana ndi kusefukira chubu kofunikira kuti muthe kusintha njirayi mu thanki kupita ku dzenje lachiwiri, liyenera kukhala 3-4 masentimita pansi pa nsonga ya thanki.
Nthawi yake iyenera kuyankhidwa kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu, pamene njirayo iyenera kuyenderera mumphika, ndipo kukhetsa kutsogolo kumapangidwa kwa mphindi makumi anayi ndi zisanu. Kuwunikira zomera mumdima kudzakuthandizira kufulumira kukula, nyali za ultraviolet zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi, timer imakulolani kuti muwapatse iwo kwa mphindi 10-15. usiku
Chithunzi
Chithunzichi chili pansipa chikuwonetsa hydroponic zomera zowonjezera:
Kutsiliza
Njira ya Hydroponics ali ndi zaka zambirimbiri, njirayi imakulolani kuti mukule zomera mu njira yamadzimadzi popanda nthaka. Malo osungiramo zowonongeka amadzimadzi ndi okonzeka kulima zomera zosiyanasiyana kupatulapo mizu ya mbewu, popeza zipatso zimayamba kuvunda mofulumira pansi pa madzi. Zipangizo zamakono zowonjezera zitsamba zimakhala zofunika kwambiri.
Lero pali malo ambiri osiyana, chipangizo cha wowonjezera kutentha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kunyumba chingapangidwe ndi manja. Muyeso Njira zowonjezera zakudya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zosakaniza zokonzekazomwe zimadulidwa mu madzi osakanizidwa kapena osungunuka.
