Mtengo wa amondi ndi mtengo wapatali koma mtengo wamtengo wapatali kapena shrub umene uli wachibale. Mosiyana ndi zikhulupiliro zambiri, amondi sizitsamba, ndi zipatso zolimba zamwala. Asia imaonedwa kuti ndi malo obadwira mmunda uwu, koma tsopano amondi amakula m'madera ambiri a dziko lapansi, amakula bwino m'madera ena a United States, m'mapiri a Tien Shan, China, ku Ulaya, amondi amapezeka m'mayiko a Mediterranean ndi ku Crimea, komanso ku Caucasus , monga amadziwika, ili pambali ya Asia ndi Europe.
Amondi amakula m'magulu ang'onoang'ono pamapiri otsetsereka m'malo am'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amakonda malo a dzuwa ndipo saopa chilala, kukhala ndi mizu yabwino. Chomeracho chimakhala chosasinthasintha, koma sichimalekerera chisanu panthawi ya kukula. Nthaka ya amondi imayenera kukhala ndi calcium yochuluka. Maluwa okongola asanu-petal amayamba pachimake kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira - kumayambiriro kwa masika, ndipo zipatso zimawonekera kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Nthawi zambiri moyo wa mtengo ndi zaka zana, koma nthawi zina amondi amakhala nthawi yayitali. Nthawi ya fruiting - kuyambira zaka zisanu mpaka makumi atatu - zaka makumi asanu. Amondi ndi chomera chomera mungu. 
Zipatso za amondi ndizobiriwira, zofiira ndi zofiira, zomwe zimafanana ndi apricoti, zomwe zitatha kukula msinkhu zimatuluka mkatikati mwa msoko. Choncho, zipatso za amondi zimakhala ngati mtedza, ngakhale kuti chomeracho si nut. Zipatso za amondi zimakhala zokoma kwambiri, zakudya komanso nthawi imodzi zimakhala zathanzi - kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu mitundu ina ya mtengo kumakhala pafupifupi 70%, mapuloteni - mpaka 35%. Zakudya zowonjezera, ma almond sapitirira zipatso zonse ndi masamba, koma tirigu, ng'ombe, mkaka ndi nsomba.
Palinso mavitamini ndi mavitamini ambiri, chifukwa dokotala wina wotchuka dzina lake Ibn Sina (Avicenna) adagwiritsa ntchito chomera ichi pochizira chiwindi, mphere ndi impso. Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake, amondi amasonyezedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga, asthmatics ndi zilonda, ndipo amachotsedwanso ku gastritis, kumutu, ndi kutopa. Chomerachi chimayamba kuchepetsa komanso panthawi yomweyo chimalimbikitsa ubongo.
Mafuta a amondi amatsuka chikhodzodzo ndi impso, amachepetsa cholesterol choipa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popupa mapapo, kupopera kosiyanasiyana, komanso amathandiza kuchiza matenda enaake. Mwa anthu amakhulupirira kuti mafuta a amondi amathandiza kuthetseratu mawanga, mabala ndi mazira (ngati mumasakaniza ndi vinyo ndikupaka tsitsi lanu), komanso mutenge chifuwa chachikulu.
Zipatso zamamondi zili ndi makilogalamu ambiri, choncho sayenera kuzunzidwa. Ngakhale zili choncho, zipatso za zipatsozi zimathandiza ngakhale anthu omwe akudwala kwambiri kunenepa kwambiri kuti azitenga chiwerengerocho popanda mantha apadera.
Ndikofunikira! Mabala a almond osapitirira ali ndi cyanide, kuwonjezera apo, poizoni wa poizoni amapezeka m'mitundu ina. Zipatso zoterezi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala ndipo zitangotha kutentha. Glycoside ndi amygdalin, zomwe zili ndi zipatso zambiri za zipatso za amondi, zimapha anthu, chifukwa choyamba chotsatira chakupha ndikwanira kudya masamba khumi okha.
Almond ndizowonjezera kwambiri ku confectionery. Amachoka ndikukweza kukoma kwa chokoleti ndi maswiti ena, amawonjezeredwa ku mabala osiyanasiyana, jams, pastes, tchizi ndi ayisikilimu. Mafuta a amondi monga gawo la ufa wa tirigu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso maphikidwe odyetsera tirigu. Pasitala imakonzedwa kuchokera ku mazira a almond, omwe ndi odzikongoletsera okha, komanso chogwiritsira ntchito kupititsa patsogolo kukoma kwa zinthu zina ndikuzidzaza ndi zokoma za amondi.Mukudziwa? Mafuta a amondi ndi marzipan anapangidwa kale kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda a maganizo. M'zaka za njala, chifukwa cha zakuthambo zake zamtunduwu, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kuti apange mkate kukhala m'malo mwa ufa wamba wopanda.
Kumene angabzalitse amondi
Ngakhale amondi amatha kuletsa chilala, kuchepa kwa madzi kumawononga kwambiri mbewu - kumachepetsa kukula ndikuyamba kuthira masamba, chifukwa chake, zokolola zacheperapo, osati chaka chokha, koma chimodzimodzi. Komanso, zokolola zimagwa pang'onopang'ono, pamene amondi amakula m'madera osungidwa ndi zomera kapena nyumba zina.
Zinthu izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakupanga chisankho pa kuswana kwa amondi.
Ndi mitundu yanji komanso mitundu yabwino yomwe ingabzalidwe bwino
Musanayambe kukula kwa amondi, m'pofunikira kudziwa cholinga chodzala ndipo, malinga ndi izi, sankhani mitundu yabwino kwambiri.
Pali mitundu yoposa makumi anai ya amondi, koma ambiri ndi amondi. Kutalika kwake kumatha kufika mamita asanu ndi limodzi, koma m'malo ouma kumakula ndi chitsamba chochepa. Malingana ndi kukoma kwa chipatsocho, amachotsa amondi amwawa, okoma ndi okoma, onse omwe ali okhudzana ndi zomera zomwe zikuwerengedwa.
Mitengo ya amondi monga Pink Fog ndi Anyuta ndi yotchuka kwambiri, koma alimi a zipatso amakonda kukwera Mtsinje Woyera.
Ngati cholinga cha chiwembucho chikukongoletsera, muyenera kumvetsera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ngati amondi amtengo wapatali (ili ndi masamba okongola kwambiri ndi theka lamasitala ndi masamba ogwa, imamveka ndi pinki yofiira kapena maluwa okongola); "Ledebura" (fungo lapadera losiyana, masamba akuluakulu amdima ndi maluwa akuluakulu a pinki) ndi "Petunnikova" (zokongoletsera zamaluwa ndi maluwa okongola a pinki).
Ndi nthaka yanji yoyenera kulima
Mtengo wa amondi sumapanga zofuna zapamwamba kwambiri pa nthaka, zikhoza kukula pa mchenga, mumchenga ndi miyala. Makamaka, nthaka ndi yowala, imera ndipo ili ndi madzi abwino.
Chomera ichi, dothi losavuta, saline, makamaka nthaka ya chlorini imatsutsana, mizu yake silingalekerere zotsatira za madzi apansi, komanso kusowa kwa madzi ndi madzi.
Kulima Zamondi
Kodi ndi motani kudzala amondi
Kusankha momwe mungamere mtengo wa amondi kumayamba posankha malo. Kuwonjezera pa zofuna za nthaka ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwala, m'pofunika kupereka mbeuyo ndi chitetezo chabwino ku mphepo. Ndi bwino kuika chomera kumbali ya kumwera kwa chiwembu.
Kudzala amondi bwino kwambiri kumapeto kwa autumn, komwe kunabzala m'chaka, zomera zimayamba kukula.
Ndikofunikira! Palinso chinsinsi china: popeza kuti amondi sangathe kuwalola mungu, ndi bwino kudzala mitundu yambiri ndi zitsanzo nthawi yomweyo. Kukhalapo kwa mitengo ina ya amondi kwinakwake pafupi sikungathetsere vutoli: Kuti tizilombo timene timayendetsa bwino tizilombo timeneti timayenera kukonza mumng'oma pafupi ndi zomera.
Njira yamakono yobzala mtengo wa amondi ndi motere. Amadzika pang'ono kuposa mamita mita mamita akumba mamita awiri kapena atatu kupatula wina ndi mzake (izi zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ngati zitsamba ndi mitundu yochepa). Mzere wofiira kapena mwala woponderezedwa umatsanulira pansi pa dzenje, mpaka mchenga wa masentimita 10 kuchokera pamwamba, kenako kuvala pamwamba, phosphate feteleza ndi manyowa.
Mitengo imayikidwa mosamala mu dzenje (mizu iyenera kukhala 10-15 masentimita pansi), kenako dzenje ladzaza ndi nthaka yabwino ndipo ili bwino.
Mzere wozungulira pafupi ndi dera la mamita limodzi ndi theka ayenera kuwonetsedwa. Peat amagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito imeneyi. Chithandizo chimayendetsedwa pafupi ndi sapling, yomwe mtengo wachitsulo umangirizidwa kuti uuteteze ku mphepo.
Mbewu iliyonse iyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka.
Kutulutsa Maimondi
Maamondi amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, cuttings, ndi kugawidwa kwa mizu kwa mbewu.
Kukula amondi ku maenje
Maamondi akhoza kukula kuchokera ku mwala, koma pakadali pano, chilengedwe ndi mankhwala omwe amamondi amatha. Pofuna kumera mbeu ya amondi mwakukhoza, iyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi yankho lolimbitsa mtima ndipo idzalima mtunda wa masentimita 15-20 wina ndi mzake mu malo okonzedweratu omwe adakonzedwa kale kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu kapena kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yozizira mpaka 10-15 masentimita. Mu dzenje limodzi mukhoza kuika mafupa awiri, pakadali pano, mutamera kumera mzere wolimba. 
Mitsinje ikhoza kubzalidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika, koma isanayambe, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Januwale mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa February, ayenera kukhala stratified (kumera mu zofanana ndi za nyengo yachisanu) mumchenga. Ntchitoyi imatha miyezi isanu ndi theka pa kutentha kuchokera ku zero mpaka madigiri khumi pamwamba pa zero.
Pamene mbande ifika 10-15 masentimita, mizu ya chomera chimodzimodzi iyenera kukonzedwa ndi fosholo, kenako madzi ambiri.
Kukula kwa mbande kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kumalo a mizu ya mizu, kenako oculant imatuluka. Mbewu yapachaka imayenera kuikidwa pambali, pokhapokha iwo sangapange korona.
Kufalitsa kwa almond cuttings
Pofalitsa mtengo wa amondi motere, kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, cuttings a 15-20 masentimita m'litali (awiri mfundo) amadulidwa kuchokera pamwamba pa chomera ndi kuika mu njira yokhazikika kwa maola angapo. Pambuyo pake, cuttings obzalidwa mu okonzeka kusakaniza mchenga ndi peat (1: 2 chiŵerengero) ndipo anaika ozizira wowonjezera kutentha kwa 20-30 masiku. Panthawiyi, tizidulidwe timayenera kukhazikika, kenako mtengo wa amondi umapitirizabe kulima pabedi.
Kulima Zamondi
Ngati mtengo wa amondi ukudulidwa kwambiri, umapereka kukula kwakukulu. M'chaka chachiwiri mutangoyamba kumene, ziphuphu zoterezi zikhoza kupatulidwa, kusunga mizu, ndi kuziika pamalo osiyana.
Kubereka kwa amondi poika
Mbewu za amondi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pofalitsa ndi kuika. Kuti tichite izi, ziyenera kugwedezeka pansi, zophimbidwa ndi chitsulo kapena thumba la matabwa komanso mopepuka ndi madzi. Mzuwu wokha wa mphukira zotere umapangidwa pafupifupi chaka, nthawi zonse amafunika kuthirira nthawi zonse, namsongole kuzungulira iwo ndikumala udzu. Pambuyo pake, mbande imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtengo wa mayi ndikubzala pamalo osatha.
Mmene mungasamalire amondi
Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino za amondi, m'pofunika kusunga malamulo a kubzala, komanso kupereka chomera chozikidwa bwino ndikusamalira panja.
Momwe mungamwetse amondi
Maamondi amafunika kuthirira madzi ochulukirapo kokha ngati amera pa nthaka ya mchenga. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kumakhala kovulaza kwa mbewu, koma popanda kusowa kwa madzi, mtengo sungamasuke bwino ndipo sumabala zipatso. Maamondi ayenera kuthiriridwa pamene nthaka yozungulira chomera yayika mozama pafupifupi masentimita imodzi ndi theka. Mlingo wa kuthirira umachokera ku malita 7 kapena khumi a madzi pa chitsamba.
Feteleza ndi zakudya zamamondi
Maamondi amafunikira mphamvu zambiri kuti chipatsocho chikhale bwino ndi kupaka; Mbali iyi ya chomera imapanga kugwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono za kulima kwake. M'chaka, mtengo waukulu umalumikizidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi ammonium nitrate (20 g pa chidebe cha madzi). M'dzinja, nthaka iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi double superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate - 20 g wa wina ndi mzake pa mita imodzi.
Kudula mitengo ya amondi
Kudula ndi kudula amondi kumapindulitsa kwambiri. Ngakhale nthambi za maluwa kudula zokongoletsera sizidzawononga mtengo. Onetsetsani kuti muchotse nthambi zowonongeka ndi zouma. Ndikofunika kupanga mtengo mwamsanga. Kudulira ndikofunika kuti mtedza wa amondi, utakula mofulumira komanso wopanda tsitsi, umakhala wosasunthika. Kuti chomera chikondweretse diso, mphukira za pachaka ziyenera kudulidwa.
Almond Grafting
Maamondi sangathe kuphatikizidwa osati pa chomera chofanana, komanso pa mitundu ina ya amondi, komanso maula, chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa kapena sloe. Ndibwino kuti muchite zimenezi pakatikati pa kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pamene kuyamwa kutaya kumachitika makamaka. Nyengo sayenera kutentha kwambiri.
Masiku angapo musanayambe ndondomekoyi, katunduyo ayenera kutsanulidwa bwino (makungwa ayenera kugawidwa mosavuta) kotero kuti panthawi yomwe makungwawo akuphulika bwino ndi osiyana ndi nkhuni. Kuphatikizidwa kumatengedwa ngati phesi lolunjika ndi mphukira, yomwe imayenera kudulira mosamala masamba, kusiya, kuti asawononge maluwa, cuttings a millimeters ochepa.
M'madera a mizu yachitsulo (yoyamba imayenera kutsukidwa ndi dothi), kutsekedwa kwa mawonekedwe a kalata "T" kumapangidwa ndi mpeni, ndipo pamalo pomwe mizere ya incision imasinthasintha, makungwawo amawongolera bwino. Kuchokera kumadula okonzeka, mbedza ndi Mphukira imadulidwa ku mawerengero kotero kuti imalowa mu okonzedwa. Mukakonza chishango chomwe mukufuna kuchigwira, kuwonjezera pa makungwa, timatabwa tating'onoting'ono. Kudula kumalowetsedwa m'kati mwa makungwawo, ndipo pamakhala kansalu kolimba kwambiri ya tepi kapena tepi (ma impso ayenera kukhala pamwamba).
Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, cheke yoyendetsa chitetezo ikuchitika: ndi katemera wopambana, diso liyenera kukhala lobiriwira ndipo petiole imatha. Pambuyo pake bandage akhoza kumasulidwa. Ngati budding ikuchitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pepala siliyenera kuchotsedwa musanafike masika. Maso omwe sanazule mizu amafunika kuwerengedwanso.
Kumapeto kwa masika, maonekedwe a masambawo amatha kuchotsedwa, katundu wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi diso lowongolera akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi phesi yokonzedweratu. 
Pamene kutalika kwa oculant kufika pa masentimita 10, ndikofunikira kuwonjezeranso muluwo, njirayi imabwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza, pamene ikukula. Mphukira, yomwe imapereka katundu, iyenera kuchotsedwa, komanso mbali yomwe imachokera pa oculant.
Mukudziwa? Kumadera akum'mwera a amondi, monga mbewu yolimba, yosadzichepetsa komanso yosautsa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu, mapichesi ndi apricots amamangirizidwa pa izo, akumverera motsimikiza pa chithandizochi.
Amamondi
Maamondi ndi a zomera zosagwedezeka, koma ngati chisanu m'nyengo yozizira imagwa pansi -15 ° С, nsonga za nthambi zazing'ono ndi maluwa a maluwa zingayandikire pafupi mtengo. Pofuna kupewa izi, kumapeto kwa chilimwe, tikulimbikitsanso kusunga mapeto a almond. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chimalepheretsa kukula, nkhuni zake, m'malo mwake, zimakula bwino, mogwirizana ndi momwe amondi amapezera kukana kwa chisanu.
