Marigolds - mmodzi mwa otchuka m'chilimwe maluwa okongoletsa maluwa, malo komanso masamba mabedi. Wokondwa, wowala ndi wobiriwira, marigolds amapanga chisangalalo chabwino powayang'ana.
Chifukwa cha kufalitsa kwakukulu kwa marigolds ndi chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwawo, chisamaliro chopanda mavuto, maluwa otalika komanso owala.
Matenda a marigolds akhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe mavuto omwe angasamalire maluwa amenewa angathe kuthandizidwa ndi momwe angachitire.
Kodi maluwa awa ndi ati?
Marigolds ndi maluwa omwe ali a banja la Astrov (Compositae). Dzina limeneli maluwa amalandiridwa chifukwa cha pamakhala, zomwe zili ndi velvet. Pafupifupi alipo mitundu 53 ya marigolds.
Kodi chomera chikuwoneka bwanji?
- Zimayambira bwino, zopangidwa, zomwe zimapanga chitsamba chokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 20 mpaka 130.
- Mizu ndi yofunika kwambiri.
- Masamba ndi osakanikirana, okonzedweratu pa tsinde. Nthawi zambiri, pali marigolds omwe ali ndi masamba onse. Mtundu wochokera ku laimu kupita kumdima wobiriwira.
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya marigolds imakhala ndi inflorescences osiyanasiyana: kuchokera pamtundu wofiira, ku chikasu mpaka ku lalanje. Mitundu ina imagwirizanitsa mitundu yambiri mu inflorescence.
Chifukwa cha nthawi yaitali maluwa (mpaka woyamba frosts) marigolds ndi okondedwa a wamaluwa. Sikoyenera kudzala maluwa awa kuthengo, ena wamaluwa amalima marigolds mu miphika kapena miphika, amawapachikeni pawindo kapena kuwaika pa khonde. Ngati zili zotheka kukula chomera ichi panyumba mumphika, werengani pano.
Matenda amodzi ndi mavuto okula
Kawirikawiri, marigolds ndi odzichepetsa ndipo amatsutsidwa ndi matenda, akugwidwa ndi tizirombo. Koma pamene kufooketsa chitetezo cha matenda chikhoza kuchitika. Nthawi zambiri tizirombo ndi matenda otsatirawa amawonekera.
Kangaude mite Kuopsa kwa matenda kumakula mu nthaka youma.- Rot ndi bowa. Zikuwoneka mu nthaka yonyowa.
- Nkhono ndi slugs. Malo abwino ndi nthaka yonyowa. Amadula masamba, asiye mphutsi.
- Grey kuvunda. Matendawa amapita kumadera otentha mumtunda wambiri.
Kangaude mite Kuopsa kwa matenda kumakula mu nthaka youma.Kuwonjezera pa matenda ndi tizirombo wolima munda angakhale ndi mavuto angapo pamene akukula marigolds.
- Kukula pang'ono chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi m'nthaka.
- Osadziwika ndi ochepa inflorescences chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi.
- Kuwonongeka kwa mphukira ndi mvula kawirikawiri.
- Siyani kukula chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kufika madigiri 10, omwe akuphatikizidwa ndi kufiira kwa masamba.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa feteleza ndi feteleza kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa mdima wobiriwira, ndipo inflorescences adzakhala yaying'ono, yochepa komanso yochepa. Kodi ndi motani momwe tingadyetse chomeracho chifukwa cha maluwa ambiri, zomwe tafotokoza m'nkhani ino, ndi zomwe zokongolazi zikuwoneka ndi zomwe angachite ngati sakufuna kuphulika zifotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani ina.
Mukhoza kuwerenga za matenda ndi tizilombo toonongeka pano, ndipo talemba za njira zothetsera matenda ndi tizilombo zomwe zimapezeka muzinthu izi.
Zotsatira za kuwonongeka
Pali zifukwa zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa kufuna.
- Kuwala Masamba amauma malinga ndi momwe dzuwa limagwera pa zomera. Miyezi yeniyeni ingayambitse kuyaka. Ngati wamaluwayo akukula ndikubisala ku dzuwa pamene akukula mbande za marigolds, ndiye mutabzala mmunsi masamba omwe amamveka kuchokera ku dzuwa lopitirira.
- Madzi Kuyanika kwa marigolds ndi njira yomwe ingasonyeze kuti mbeu imalandira madzi ochepa. Marigolds pofuna kukula kwakukulu ndi maluwa obiri amafunika kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, nkofunika kuteteza kuchepa kwa chinyezi, chifukwa malo oterewa ndi bowa owopsa.
- Malo okufesa. Mukamabzala maluwa, ambiri amaluwa amachepetsa mpata pakati pa tchire. Chifukwa choletsedwa, masamba ndi masamba a chomera amayamba kufota ndi kuuma. Mukamabzala marigolds, sikoyenera kugawa zitsime ndi kutenga malo omasuka kuchokera ku chomera.
Chenjerani! The mulingo woyenera kwambiri mtunda pakati pa tchire zimadalira mtundu wa marigolds. Mitundu yaitali, 40x40 (40 cm pakati pa tchire ndi mizera) ndi yoyenera. Kwa sredneroslyh - ndi 30x30, chifukwa chachikulu - 20x20.
Timapanga matenda
| Vuto | Kufotokozera ndi Zizindikiro |
| Msolo wakuda | Matenda wamba. Njira yomwe mbali yapansi ya tsinde imakhala yamdima, imayamba kuvunda. |
| Mizu yovunda | Pa masamba akuluakulu amasintha kutembenukira chikasu, masamba amatha. |
| Matenda a chiwindi |
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| Kangaude mite | Zikuwoneka mu nthaka youma, imene imakula marigolds. Chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chikuwonjezeka mu malo ozungulira (malo odyera, nyumba). Tizilombo timadya masamba. Zisonyezo za matenda - Tsamba laling'ono, mawanga ndi masamba a chikasu. |
| Slugs ndi misomali | Zakudya za tizirombo - masamba, maluwa, zimayambira. Pachilombochi chimatchula kuti siliva wouma pamasamba, zomwe zimawonongeka ku chitsamba. |
| Aphid | Tizilombo tochepa timadya masamba. Chizindikiro cha matenda - mabowo ang'onoang'ono pamtundu wobiriwira. Komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayang'ana tsamba la masamba ndi madzi owopsa. Midzi yayikulu ikhoza kuwononga chitsamba mu nthawi yochepa. |
| Mbozi | Chizindikiro cha kuphulitsa kwa majeremusi - masamba amawombera pambali ndi pakati. Masamba opotoka amasonyeza kuti mphutsi yaika mphutsi mwa iwo. |
Nchifukwa chiyani ziwalo za mbewu zowuma ndi kubudula masamba?
Ngati maluwawo anasiya kukula, amakhala ouma, masamba anayamba kuuma ndipo tsinde kapena mphukira zinasanduka zakuda - izi ndi zizindikiro za vuto la bakiteriya. Chifukwa chachikulu ndi kuthirira mozama. Marigolds amakonda madzi, koma nthaka imanyowa kwambiri kuti ikhale yoipitsitsa kuposa yowuma.
Komanso imayambitsa matenda ndi feteleza owonjezera, clodded clod of earth.
Kuwonongeka kwa bakiteriya kumachitika mwa mawonekedwe a:
- bakiteriya zowola;
- mabakiteriya amakhala ndi kuwotchera;
- matenda bacteriosis.
Chochita
Zomwe zimachitika pazovuta zilizonse - chithandizo choyambirira ku chomera. Zonse zowonongeka kapena zoyipa ziyenera kuchotsedwa ndi lumo, pruner. Kwa masiku 2-3, chomeracho chiyenera kusiya popanda kuthirira kuti chiume nthaka. Onetsetsani kuti mupange ndondomeko yothirira madzi, kuonetsetsa kuti kusungunuka kwa chinyontho.
Zochita zina zimadalira matenda.
| Matendawa | Chochita |
| Msolo wakuda |
Ngati matendawa akupezeka pa mbande za marigolds, ziyenera kuwonongedwa. |
| Mizu yovunda | Zidzathandiza mankhwala opopera mbewu mankhwalawa:
Njira zowonongeka - kuthirira nthaka ndi njira yothetsera potaziyamu permanganate, kugona tulo lowonongeka la muzu ndi wosweka choko kapena phulusa. |
| Matenda a bakiteriya | Chomeracho chimaikidwa ndi kuthirizidwa ndi bactericidal fungicide:
Zipangizo zam'munda zimatsutsidwa. Kupewa - kupopera mbewu za marigolds ndi biobactericides (Fitolavin, Fitosporin). |
| Kupha tizilombo |
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Mukhoza kuchotsa slugs mwa kufalitsa mbale zing'onozing'ono, zidutswa za apulo kapena mbatata usiku pafupi ndi duwa. M'maŵa, wolima munda adzafunika kusonkhanitsa zinthu izi ndi tizirombo tomwe timagwirako. Kuteteza matenda - mpiru wa mpiru umwazika kuzungulira marigolds kapena phulusa.
Ngati palibe chithandizo
Ngati maphikidwe a anthu ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo asanagwire ntchito, chomera chikupitirizabe kufota, mukhoza kupita kumayendedwe oopsa.
- Vuto silinakhudze mizu. Marigold kudula pansi pazu, kwa 12-24 maola kutsanulira ndi kuphimba ndi polyethylene. Njira yotereyi ndiyotheka, ngati duwalo litatenthedwa ndi dzuwa, silinalandire madzi, tizilombo touluka timadya.
- Ngati muzu umakhudzidwa ndi kuvunda, mwendo wakuda ukupita - chomera chiyenera kuchotsedwa. Kuchotsedwanso ndikofunikira pakuukira tizirombo tina (nematodes). Maluwawo ayenera kukumbidwa ndi mizu, kuchotsedwa pa tsamba ndikuwotchedwa. Pa malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka chaka chonse sungabzalidwe zomera.
Marigolds ndi maluwa okongola omwe amakongoletsa mbali iliyonse ya pachimake. Kuti chomera chikondweretse diso osati kupweteka, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe chake, osati kusefukira ndi kudutsa. Manyowa amodzi, komanso okhawo marigolds wathanzi. Ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda, tengani ndondomeko yothetsera mwamsanga.
