Garlic si chikhalidwe chamanyazi komanso chosangalatsa. Pakati wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa pali lingaliro kuti imatha kumera palokha, popanda chisamaliro chowonjezera - ingomatirani zovala zanu mu nthawi. Kukula, kumera, koma mbewuyo siyokondweretsa. Kuti mitu ya adyo ikhale yayikulu komanso yokoma, ndikofunikira kupatsa mtengowo chakudya choyenera. Nthawi yomweyo, kuvala pamwamba kumayenera kuchitika molondola, mosamala kwambiri ndi mankhwalawo komanso ndikuyenera kuvomereza kuti feteleza azigwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malamulo oyambira kudyetsa adyo
Garlic imadutsa magawo angapo motsatizana kukula ndi kukula nyengo yakula. Aliyense wa iwo, kuyambira masiku oyamba atabzala ndikumaliza ndi kupanga mitu kwathunthu, amafunikira michere ndi michere yaying'ono. Kutengera zosowa izi, malamulo akuchulukitsa chikhalidwechi amakhazikitsidwa, komanso kusankha mitundu ya feteleza yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi yoyenera komanso kuchuluka kofunikira. Kufunika kwapadera kumalumikizidwa ndi kuvala kwa masika, chifukwa nthawi imeneyi ndi pomwe maziko amayambira mbewu yabwino yam'tsogolo.
Mphukira zazing'ono za adyo ziyenera kuthiridwa feteleza
Zidadziwikanso ndi agogo athu kuti kuvala bwino adyo ndi anyezi okhala ndi zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana kumathandizira kuti pakhale mitu yayikulu komanso yolimba.
Chiwerengero cha zovala za masika
Malinga ndi njira yodzala, adyo imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri:
- nyengo yachisanu - yobzalidwa kumapeto kwa dzinja nyengo yachisanu isanayambe ndipo imayamba kukula ndi kuwala koyambirira, kumacha kucha osasungidwa nthawi yayitali;
- kasupe - zinthu zobzala zimalowetsedwa m'nthaka nthawi yachilimwe, ikafunda kale, mbewuzo zimakololedwa pambuyo pake ndipo zimasungidwa bwino nthawi yonse yozizira.
Mosasamala mtundu ndi nthawi yakucha, muyenera kuthira feteleza onse. Mitundu yozizira imayenera kudyetsedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba nthawi yakugwa, chifukwa imabzyala pamunda wokonzedwa komanso wothiriridwa bwino. Koma njirayi siyimalowa m'malo mwa kufunika kokhalitsa bwino chikhalidwe mu nthawi yachaka, pamene chikufunika mphamvu kwambiri kuti ikule mwachangu itatha nyengo yachisanu.
Kuti mbewu zikule bwino, zimafunika kudyetsedwa pa nthawi
Chovala chapamwamba cha masika a adyo wozizira chimachitika molingana ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
- Pafupifupi masiku 7-10 chisanu chisungunuke. Mbande zoyambilira zikuwonekera kale ndipo mmera umafunika zakudya kuti zikule bwino. Mwa izi, zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa Marichi kapena kumayambiriro kwa Epulo. Madeti enieni amatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo yakomweko.
- Pafupifupi masiku 15-20 pambuyo pake, pamene ndiwo zamasamba zikuchulukitsa kukula kwake kobiriwira, zimadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa mchere, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana zovuta. Ndondomeko sayenera kuchitika pasanadutse chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha Meyi.
- Chovala chomaliza chomaliza chimafunikira pachikhalidwe pakupanga ndi kukula kwa mababu, pamene nthenga zimakhala zazikulu komanso zowondera. Ndikofunikira kuchita izi pa nthawi. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza koyambirira kumapangitsa kuti nsonga zikuluzikulu, kuvala kovutirapo sikungathandize. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni, popeza kukhala owonjezera kungapangitse kuti mitu ipangidwe ndikupanga masamba owonjezereka. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wamafuta (superphosphate). Mivi yowoneka ya maluwa iyenera kuchotsedwa kale. Tsiku lomaliza la mwambowu silinathe kuposa mwezi wa June.
Onse okhala chilimwe amadziwa kuti muyenera kuthyola mivi ya adyo, apo ayi mitu idzakhala yaying'ono. Wolemba nkhaniyi, kwa zaka zambiri mosazindikira, adaponya zobiriwira zobiriwira zachilengedwe kompositi. Koma izi siziyenera kuchitika konse. Maombani amtundu wa Garlic ndi zokometsera zabwino kwambiri za nyama ndi nkhuku, zitha kuphatikizidwa mwatsopano ku saladi zobiriwira zosiyanasiyana. Izi zonunkhira komanso zonunkhira zimasungidwa mozizira. Ngati simungagwiritse ntchito mafuta onse nthawi imodzi, ndiye kuti mutha kukonzekera nthawi yozizira.
Amayesa kuphatikiza kuvala pamwamba pa adyo ndi kuthirira
Zakudya za adyo za masika ndizosiyana ndi nthawi yanthawi, chifukwa zimabzalidwe m'nthaka pambuyo pake ndipo, motero, zimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono.
Gawo loyamba la zokolola zabwino ndikukonzekera malo oyenera kubzala mbewu. Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi tsiku lachiyembekezo lisanachitike, zinthu zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana (mullein, humus, etc.) zimabweretsedwa pansi.
Adyo wamasamba amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza yemweyo monga dzinja
M'tsogolomu, adyo wachilimwe amakhala ndi umuna monga:
- Nthenga zitatu zoyambirira zikaonekera pazomera zazing'ono, zikakula mpaka urefu wa 5-7 cm, kuvala koyambirira kwamasika kumachitika. Gwiritsani ntchito zomwezo monga zachikhalidwe cha chisanu.
- Pakatha pafupifupi milungu iwiri, malo omwe adalamo adyo amatulutsanso kachiwiri.
- Masamba akamakula ndipo anyezi ayamba kukhazikika, mbewu ya ndiwo zamasamba imadyetsedwa kachitatu mothandizidwa ndi ma mineral complexes. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika kumapeto kwa Juni kapena kumayambiriro kwa Julayi.
Tikukhala m'mavuto aku Siberia, sitimakhala ndi adyo nthawi yachisanu. Panalibe mlandu kuti china chake chinamuchitikira. Chisanu chikangosungunuka, ndiye kuti maluwa ake obiriwira obiriwira amatuluka nthawi yomweyo. Palibe udzu wobiriwira m'munda womwewo, koma ukukula kale. Chaka chimodzi, pazifukwa zina, adayiwala kubzala pa nthawi ndipo ma clove anali atayikidwa kale mu nthaka yozizira. Ngakhale zinali zonse, adakwanitsa kusintha nyengo yake ndikukolola. Chokhacho ndikuti anyezi sanali akulu kwambiri.
Kanema: Chovala choyamba cha kasupe woyamba
Mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba
Kuphatikiza pa zovala zomwe zili pamizu, ndizothandiza kwambiri kupopera feteleza ndi masamba obiriwira a masamba. Chochitika ichi chimachitika pokhapokha ngati chofunikira kubweretsa zakudya kapena michere yaying'ono pamtengowo. Mavalidwe apamwamba apamwamba pamasamba ndizothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa chikhalidwe pankhaniyi imatha kuyamwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa mwachangu kwambiri.
Mwa izi, nyimbo zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yachilendo. Koma popewa kuwotcha masamba, chidwi chogwira ntchito chizikhala chotsika kwambiri. Njira imachitika m'mawa kwambiri dzuwa lisanatuluke kapena madzulo dzuwa litalowa. Amaloledwa kukonza mbewu pamtambo, koma osati mvula. Nthawi zambiri zokwanira 2-3 nthawi yamasamba. Chikhalidwe chimayankha bwino kwambiri chisamaliro chotere panthawi yomwe chitukuko chikugwira ntchito kwambiri.
Ndi kavalidwe kapamwamba kapamwamba, michere imakamizidwa mwachangu ndi chomera.
Mavalidwe apamwamba achabe samatengera njira yachikhalidwe, koma amangotsatira. Chifukwa chake, kukana kuthirira adyo ndi feteleza pansi pa muzu sikuyenera, chifukwa ngati simungathe kudikira kukolola kwakukulu.
Zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito pakuvala kwa adyo
Kuthira feteleza sikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapadera. Chikhalidwecho chimagwirizana ndizikhalidwe zamaminidwe azachilengedwe komanso zachilengedwe. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi komanso mosiyana. Nthawi yakuchita njirazi iyenera kusankhidwa mosamala, chifukwa chikhalidwecho sichimakonda chinyezi chambiri ndipo chimatha kuwola kuchokera ku chinyezi chambiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza kuthirira kwa malo a adyo ndikovala pamwamba. Feteleza umagwiritsidwa ntchito malinga ndi chiwembu, kusinthana ma mineral complexes ndi organics.
Mtundu wa michere utalowetsedwa m'nthaka, ma buluwe amayenera kumasulidwa.
Pambuyo kudyetsa kanjira, ndikofunikira kumasula
Feteleza wachilengedwe
Mukamakulitsa mbewu ya anyezi, feteleza wosavuta komanso wovuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'masitolo, mutha kupeza mawonekedwe ovuta omwe ali ndi zinthu zingapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoterezi kuli koyenera mu njira ya mafakitale yokulira adyo m'malo okhala ndi malo akulu. Koma nzika za chilimwe zimagwiritsanso ntchito mchere pomwe palibe njira yogwiritsira ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe.
Kumayambiriro kwenikweni kwa nyengo yakukula, masamba akamakula mwachangu, adyo amafunika nayitrogeni. Urea (urea) kapena ammonium nitrate (ammonium nitrate) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wokhala ndi nitrogen kwambiri.
Urea ndi feteleza wambiri wa nayitrogeni
Maminolo amadziwitsidwa ndi madzi motere:
- carbamide - 10-12 g, madzi - 10 l;
- ammonium nitrate - 8-10 g, urea - 6-7 g, madzi - 10 l;
- ammonium nitrate - 18-20 g, madzi -10 l.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mayankho aliwonse. Kuyerekeza pafupifupi kwa ogwira ntchito ndi ndowa imodzi pa 5 m2 landings. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ammonium nitrate iyenera kugwiridwa mosamala, chifukwa mankhwalawa ndi otentha kwambiri pansi pa dzuwa. Moto ukhoza kuchitika ngati sitimadzipereka ya ammonium nitrate ikafika pa utuchi, peat kapena udzu wouma.
Gwiritsani ntchito ammonium nitrate mosamala
Pa kupanga ndi kukalamba kwa mitu, adyo amafunikira zinthu monga potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Pakudya kwachiwiri, feteleza wovuta amatengedwa: nitroammophoskos, nitrophoskos kapena mchere wa potaziyamu. Amawerengedwa motere:
- mchere wa potaziyamu - 18-20 g, 10 L yamadzi;
- nitrophoska - 30-35 g, 10 L ya madzi;
- nitroammofosk - 60 g, 10 l madzi (kumwa - 10 l pa 2 m2).
Mchere wa potaziyamu uli ndi potaziyamu yambiri
M'magawo otsatira, akulangizidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito feteleza wosavuta wa phosphoric (superphosphate, superphosphate iwiri, etc.). ma granles amasungunuka m'madzi motere:
- superphosphate - 30-35 g, madzi - 10 l;
- superphosphate iwiri - 30-35 g, potaziyamu sodium - 40-45 g, madzi - 10 l (kuthamanga - 4-5 l pa 1 mita2).
Superphosphate ndi feteleza wosiyanasiyana komanso wofala kwambiri
Kukonzekera kwina kovuta kwatsimikiziranso kugwira kwake ntchito:
- Kemira Wagon;
- Factorial;
- Hera
- Agricola
- Fertika et al.
Garlic imatha kukumana ndi feteleza wina wa mchere, mwachitsanzo, Fertica
Feteleza zonse ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi malangizo omwe aphatikizidwa phukusi.
Musatengeke kwambiri ndi mavalidwe apamwamba, popeza zochulukirapo za feteleza ndizovulaza ndipo sizingakhudze kukula ndi kukula kwa mababu a adyo m'njira yabwino. Nthawi zonse muziganizira mtundu womwe nthaka yomwe dothi limamera. Dothi lathanzi komanso losauka liyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala opangira mchere munthawi yonse yokukula. Mcheche azithanso kumera panthaka yokhoma komanso yolimba pokhapokha mbewu zikukula.
Feteleza wopangidwira makamaka anyezi ndi adyo amatha kupezeka akugulitsa.
Olima masamba azambiri amalangizidwa kuti asamalire mawonekedwe ake zamasamba. Masamba achikasu ndi chikaso cha nsonga za nthenga zimatha kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa zinthu. Koma izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya kapena kuukira kwa tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Patsamba lathu, malowo ndi opanda mafuta. Timayesetsa kuti tisagwiritse ntchito mankhwala achilengedwe osafunikira popanda chofunikira mwachangu ndipo nthawi zambiri timagwirizana ndi zolengedwa zachilengedwe. Timakumba bedi pansi pa adyo ndi anyezi ndi kuwonjezera kwa humus wabwino, kenako mulch nthambi zotumphukazo ndi peat, humus kapena ngakhale udzu wokhala ndi udzu kumene. Udzu umayenera kudulidwa nthawi zambiri, nthawi zina kawiri pa sabata, kotero udzu umakhala wambiri. Pansi pamayilo a dzuwa pabedi, amawuma mwachangu ndipo patapita masiku angapo amasandulika fumbi.
Kanema: Kavalidwe ka masika a adyo wokhala ndi feteleza wopangira
Feteleza zachilengedwe
Feteleza zachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa kudyetsa adyo. Amakhulupirira kuti zinthu izi ndizotetezeka kuumoyo wa anthu, chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito kwawo zamkati mwa zipatso sizikundikundikira kuchuluka kwa ma nitrate owopsa. Makamaka organic yogwiritsidwa ntchito imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu akumidzi ndi akumidzi, omwe amakhala nayo nthawi zonse. Zovala zapamwamba kwambiri za organic ndi:
- Mullein
- zitosi za nkhuku;
- phulusa lamatabwa;
- mchere wamba;
- yisiti
- ammonia.
Mwa anthu okhala m'chilimwe, feteleza wa manyowa ndiwodziwika kwambiri.
Mullein
Ndowe za ng'ombe, kapena mullein, zimakhala ndi nitrogen yambiri, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri mbewu zisanayambike. Koma manyowa atsopano sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa amatha kuwotcha achinyamata. Ayenera kupatsidwa mphamvu yabwino.
Tekinoloje yakukonzekera njira yogwirira ntchito ndi iyi:
- manyowa atsopano amayikidwa mu thanki ndikuthiridwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 5;
- chidebecho chimatsekedwa mwamphamvu ndi chivindikiro kapena wokutidwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki ndikumangidwa ndi chingwe;
- kusiya kwa kupesa kwa pafupifupi milungu iwiri;
- kapangidwe kake kamapukusidwa kumadzipaka ndi madzi mu gawo la 1:10 ndikuthirira mabedi ndi adyo (1 ndowa2).
Mullein ayenera kukakamizidwa kwa milungu iwiri
Musalole kuti yankho lipite masamba, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala momwe mungathere.
Ndowera nkhuku
Popewa kuwotcha pamasamba a mbewu, zitosi zatsopano za nkhuku sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusakanikirana ndi peat kapena kompositi ndikuwonjezeranso nthawi yophukira malowa (kuchuluka kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 50 g pa 1 mita2). Zinyalala zili ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, zimawonjezera kukana kwa mbewu kumatenda osiyanasiyana, zimalimbikitsa kukula, komanso kubwezeretsanso acidity ndi microflora ya nthaka.
Zikoko za nkhuku nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthira adyo.
Pazovala zamasamba, kulowetsedwa kwatsopano kwa feteleza wa nkhuku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Thirani makilogalamu 1 a zidebe payokha ndi kutsanulira malita 15 a madzi. Pambuyo posakaniza bwino ndi izi, mabedi a adyo amathiriridwa pamlingo wa 10 l pa 5 m2.
Pamapeto pa njirayi, ndikofunikira kutsuka njira yothetsera masamba ndi masamba ndi madzi, chifukwa chake kuyaka kumatsalira.
Phulusa
Phulusa mumakhala zinthu zambiri zofunikira komanso zinthu zomwe mbewu zimafunikira kuti zikule bwino ndikukula: potaziyamu, phosphorous, cobalt, mkuwa, manganese, boron, molybdenum, ndi zina zambiri. Garlic samakula bwino pamadothi okhala ndi acidity yambiri, ndipo phulusa lamatabwa lingachepetse.
Phulusa lamatabwa lokhudza adyo lingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Phula feteleza umatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zingapo:
- Zamadzimadzi pamwamba chikats. Mu ndowa 1 imodzi yamadzi, kutsanulira 1 chikho cha phulusa la nkhuni, kusakaniza bwino, kenako kuthirira kubzala;
- Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. 0,3 kg wa phulusa umathiridwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, wowiritsa kwa theka la ola, kenako kusefa. Njira yothetsera vutoli imaphatikizidwa ndi madzi, ndikubweretsa kuchuluka kwa malita 10. Kuti muziphatika bwino, sopo yochapira pang'ono (50 g) imadziwitsidwa mu mawonekedwe ake ndipo mbewu zimapopera.
- Mu mawonekedwe owuma. Pakati pa mizere ya adyo pangani miyala yopanda miyala yomwe phulusa limathira. Kenako owazidwa ndi lapansi.
- Fumbi. Tchire limakonkhedwa ndi phulusa lophwanyika ndi kumwaza.
Phulusa limatha kumbalalika pakati pa mizere
Phulusa limakhala ndi zamchere, motero siziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi dothi lomwe limakhala ndi zamchere zambiri. Sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, monga momwe zimachitikira ndi mankhwala (kulowerera).
Mchere
Aliyense amakumbukira kuchokera ku khemisitara ya pasukulu yomwe sodium chloride (sodium chloride) ili ndi sodium ndi chlorine. Zinthu izi mochulukirapo ndizopindulitsanso mbewu za anyezi. Mumtsuko wamadzi kuthira 3 tbsp. l mchere, kenako wosakanizidwa ndikuthira pansi pa mbewu, 1 m2 Malita a 2,5-3 a saline ndi okwanira. Sodium chloride sikuti kungokhala kuvala bwino masika, komanso njira yothana ndi mlenje wobisika, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi ntchentche za anyezi.Njira yothandiza yamadzi yamchere imakhalanso ndi chikasu ndikuwumitsa nsonga za nthenga za adyo.
Njira yothetsera mchere ndi adyo wobzala
Yisiti
Paketi imodzi yaying'ono (100 g) ya yisiti yaiwisi imadzipaka mum'chidebe chamadzi ofunda pang'ono, ndikumalimbikira tsiku kenako nkusefa kudzera mu cheesecloth. Zotsatira zake ndi kuthiramo madzi a adyo pamlingo wa malita 10 pa 3 m2. Anthu ena okhala chilimwe amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zovuta:
- yisiti (youma kapena yonyowa) - 10 g;
- shuga wonunkhira - 5-6 tbsp. l.;
- phulusa la nkhuni - 500 g;
- zinyalala za nkhuku - 500 g.
Yisiti imakhala ndi nayitrogeni, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa adyo mu magawo oyamba a chitukuko
Kuphatikizikako kumaloledwa kuyendayenda kwa maola awiri, kenako kuwuma mu gawo la 1:10 ndikuthirira mabedi. Yisiti imalipira kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni ndipo imalimbikitsa mapangidwe a mizu.
Amoni
Amoniya amakhala ndi nayitrogeni, komwe ndikofunikira pakukula kwa zobiriwira zambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuvala zovala zapamwamba. Kuti muchite izi, onjezani 25 ml ya mowa ndi malita 10 amadzi, ndiye kuti nsonga za adyo zimapakidwa ndi yankho. Amoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera tizirombo tina (mawayilesi, aphid, anyezi akuuluka, ndi zina). Kuti mapangidwe ake akhalebe pamtunda, masamba amapaka sopo wochapira bwino. Ndikwabwino kumwa madzi otentha, ndiye kuti sopo amasungunuka mwachangu. Landings amathandizidwa pafupifupi kamodzi pa sabata.
Ammonia samangophatikiza adyo, komanso imaletsa tizirombo kubzala tizilombo
Kanema: momwe mungadyetsere adyo kumapeto
Msuzi wokometsera amaukondweretsadi kukolola bwino, malinga ndi malamulo onse osavuta posamalira mbewuyi. Mavalidwe apamwamba a masika ndi gawo lofunikira mu ukadaulo waulimi, chifukwa ndi nthawi imeneyi pomwe chomera chimapeza zofunikira zonse zakuyika mitu yayikulu. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza munthawi yake komanso waluso kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mukule bwino bwino dothi osati pa dothi lachonde kwambiri.
