Blueberries Kwadziwika kale m'dera lathu, koma sikuti aliyense akhoza kukulitsa. Ena wamaluwa amakhulupirira kuti vuto ndi chomera kuposa mbeu. Ena sakudziwa kukula. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi idzathandiza aliyense kulima bwino mbewu.
Buluuli: kufotokoza za mbewu
Blueberries - Ndi shrub imene akatswiri ena a sayansi ya zakuthambo amaganiza kuti ndi katemera wa katemera. Zimaphatikizanso ma blueberries, cranberries, lingonberries. Blueberries imakhala ndi mizu yolimba popanda tsitsi la mizu. Mphukira imakhala yobiriwira, yomwe imasintha n'kukhala nthambi zowonongeka zomwe zimakhala ndi khungu lakuda kapena lakuda. Masamba a chomera ndi ovuta, aang'ono, ofewa, okwanira, m'mphepete mwa pansi, kufika 3 cm m'litali. Mbali yawo yayikulu chifukwa chophimba sera ndizowala, zobiriwira, ndipo m'munsi ndi zochepa.
Zisanu-zotentha maluwa ndi woyera kapena pinkish corolla. Amatalika mpaka masentimita 6, ndipo amakhala ndi masentimita 8 mpaka 10, omwe amawoneka pamwamba pa nthambi ziwiri zaka zingapo. Chitsamba chimakula mpaka mamita, koma mitundu ina imayambira mpaka awiri.
Mukudziwa? Buluu, wamba kapena wachimake, mathithi, mathithi - osowa shrub. Nthawi zambiri zimakula m'madera ozizira komanso ozizira a Northern Northern World.
Zipatso za chomeracho ndi oblong, buluu ndi bluish pachimake, kufika kutalika kwa 12 mm. Mapira a zipatso ndi obiriwira. Kawirikawiri, kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi ndi magalamu 10, koma mitundu ina imabereka zipatso zazikulu zomwe zimapitirira makilogalamu 25. Pankhani iyi, chitsamba chimodzi chingachotsedwe mpaka makilogalamu 10.
Komabe, si mitundu yonse yomwe ikuyenera kukula mu mzere wathu. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oyambirira, pakati ndi mochedwa kusasitsa. M'kati mwathu, tikulimbikitsidwa kutenga ziwiri zoyambirira, popeza kuti ochepawa alibe nthawi yoti aziphuka pafupifupi 30 peresenti.
Kusankha malo obzala blueberries
Kubzala ndi kusamalira blueberries kumayambira ndi kusankha bwino kwa malo kwa zitsamba. Kwa iye, m'pofunika kudziwa malo a dzuwa, okongola bwino, mthunzi wochepa kwambiri ndi wovomerezeka, koma zipatsozo zimakhala zowonjezereka. Onetsetsani kuti madzi apansi sapita pafupi ndi malo otsetsereka. Ayenera kuthamanga pa kuya kwa mita imodzi kapena kuposerapo. Ndikofunika kuti malowo asawombedwe ndi mphepo.
Mukudziwa? Mmerawu uli ndi mayina a mayina: tit, mphesa yamphesa, wopusa, nkhunda, gonobobel, chidakwa ndi ena. Kawirikawiri anthu amadandaula chifukwa cha kupweteka mutu pambuyo pa ntchito yake. Koma ochita kafukufuku amanena kuti vuto siliri mu blueberries, koma mumalo otsogolera, amene nthawi zambiri amatha kukhala sateleti yake. Zipatso zomwezo zimathandiza kwambiri.
Mabala a Blueberries amabzalidwa kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira, koma kumayambiriro kwa kubzala ndibwino. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimapulumuka pa tsamba ndipo zimakhala zosagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu.
Zosowa za nthaka
Kuti buluu likhale lovomerezeka bwino pa chiwembucho, limafuna nthaka yabwino. Chomera chobzala mchenga kapena peaty dothi, zomwe zimakhala zochepa pang'ono kapena zamchere. Dothi lachitsulo lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito, koma pangakhale phokoso labwino pansi pa chitsamba. Ngati nthaka mumunda wanu ndi yosiyana kwambiri, mukhoza kupanga chiwembu ndi zinthu zotere.
Ndikofunikira! Kubzala zimalimbikitsidwa kutenga mbande muzitsulo kapena miphika, ndiko kuti, ndi mizu yotsekedwa. Komabe, mutabzala, ngakhale ndi nsalu ya pansi, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti chisasokoneze mizu yovuta. Kuwonjezera apo, mizu yawo siimera mizu ndi cloy earthy. Mphamvu ziyenera kuchepetsedwa kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu m'madzi, ndiyeno mutenge mtanda ndi mmera ndikuupukuta mowongoka kuti muwongole mizu.
Chomera sichimakonda oyambirirawo, choncho nthaka ya blueberries iyenera kusungidwa pansi pa steam kwa zaka zingapo musanadzalemo. Asanadzalemo, amachimba ndi organic ndi feteleza feteleza. Ndikofunika kuti tigwire chochitika ichi mu kugwa, ngati kukwera koyenera kudzachitika masika.
Kuwonongeka kwa malo
Mbewu zabwino za zipatso zimakolola alimaluwa omwe amadziwa bwino kubzala blueberries. Anabzala m'mizere, yomwe imachokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera. Choncho tchire tidzalandira kuwala kwakukulu. Mtunda pakati pawo umadalira mtundu wa mbewu: wamtali ayenera kukhala patali pamtunda - limodzi ndi theka kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, ndi anthu ochepa - pafupifupi masentimita 60. Koma ngati mukukonzekera kuti mukule pamtunda, pangani mtunda wa mamita awiri. Pankhaniyi, pakati pa mizera idzadutsa njira yapadera.
Ndikofunikira! Ndizofunikira kusankha pa mapepala pasadakhale. Ndipo pa chisankho ndifunikira kumanga pa zikhalidwe za nyengo zomwe zikukonzekera kukula. Choncho, ngati ikukula m'madera ozizira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ku Canada idzadziwika bwino. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha yotentha, munda wa blueberries udzapereka zokolola zabwino. Ngati simukuganiza kuti nthawi yakucha, chisamaliro chanu chonse cha kusamalira chomera chingakhale chopanda pake.
Kubzala ndi kubzala blueberries
Mabala a Blueberries amabzalidwa pansi, kawirikawiri kasupe, isanayambe masamba. Koma mbande zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana: mbewu, cuttings, nthambi, kulekanitsa chitsamba.
Kubzala Mbewu za Mabulosi Abuluu
Kukula mbewu zamabuluu ndi njira yowonongera nthawi. Iwo amakolola mu kugwa kuchokera ku zipatso zonse zathanzi. Mukatha kusonkhanitsa zipatso zouma ndikufesedwa pamabedi kuti mutenge mbande. Iyenera kukhala yowawasa peat nthaka.
Pakatikati pa kubzala kwa masika, mbeu yoyamba ikhale yovuta ndipo chitetezo chawo chitetezeke. Kuti achite izi, iwo amatha kukonza. - sungani miyezi itatu mufiriji mu chipinda cha ndiwo zamasamba ndi kupeza mpweya. Iwo amafesedwa pa mabedi mpaka mamita masentimita, ndipo amawaza pamwamba pa mchenga wosakaniza ndi peat mu chiŵerengero cha 3: 1.
Tsopano mbeu zimasowa mosamalitsa. Ayenera kumera pa chinyezi cha 40% komanso kutentha kwa mpweya wa 23-25 ºC. Chotsani namsongole nthawi zonse. Samasulani nthaka, madzi okwanira. Kudyetsa koyamba kumatha chaka chimodzi mutatha kufesa mbeu. Mmerawo ndi wokonzeka kubzala pamalo otseguka zaka ziwiri, ndipo udzayamba kubereka zipatso pafupifupi asanu ndi atatu.
Kubalanso buluu cuttings
Mofulumira komanso molimbika kukula blueberries ku cuttings. Dulani iwo mu kugwa, mutengowo utayika masamba, kapena masika asanayambe kutaya. Tengani mizu ya cuttings 8 - 15 cm yaitali. Odzicheka kwambiri, mofulumira mizu idzapanga. Pofuna kuti azikhala mofulumira, amayamba kusungirako pamalo ozizira pa kutentha kwa 1-5 ºC. Kenako ayenera kubzalidwa osakaniza ndi mchenga (1: 3), ndi kuwaza pamwamba pake ndi masentimsita asanu 5. Yesetsani zidutswazo mu gawo lopanda pake. Zomwe zimabzala kubzala zimatulukanso mkati mwa zaka ziwiri.
Mukudziwa? Monga lamulo, mabulosi abuluu amalimidwa, omwe amakula mu nyengo yoziziritsa ndi yozizira. Koma palinso munda wamtundu wa blueberries, womwe umakula makamaka ku America. Komabe, abambo a ku America ndi ku Canada adabzala mbeu zosakanizidwa, zomwe tsopano zikukula m'dziko lathu, koma kumadera akum'mwera.
Njira yogawira chitsamba
Mukhoza kupeza mbande zamabuluu watsopano pogawanitsa chitsamba. Pachifukwachi, amachimba ndikuchigawanika, ndipo aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mizu yosachepera 5 cm m'litali. Kubzala kwa mbande zatsopano kumachitika mwamsanga. Zomera zoterezi, komanso zomwe zimabzalidwa kudula, zimayamba kubala chipatso pambuyo pa zaka zinayi.
Kuberekera buluu
Mbewu zabuluu zingathe kupezeka ndi kuikapo, koma ndi njira yayitali komanso yosabereka. Kuti muchite izi, tengani nthambi yayitali yachitsamba, kuweramitsa pansi ndi pamalo omwe ali nawo, owazidwa ndi utuchi. Amazika mizu pafupifupi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Kenaka nthambi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kholo ndipo imabzalidwa kuti ikule.
Nthawi zina amachita mwanjira ina - Dulani kwambiri chitsambacho, pangani mlingo wambiri wa feteleza mchere kuzungulira iyo, kenako muyitseke ndi mpweya wa utuchi pafupifupi 25-30 cm. Pankhaniyi, mphukira zazing'ono zomwe zikukula chaka chino, zimakhazikika miyezi iwiri - zitatu. Ndiye mutha kuchotsa zopangidwa ndi wowonjezera wowonjezera kutentha, kudula nthambi zowakhazikika ndikuziika muzitsulo. Kumeneko ayenera kukula kwa zaka zina ziwiri ndipo ndiye kuti akhoza kubzalidwa m'malo osatha. Amatha kupereka zipatso zoyamba chaka chotsatira.
Njira Yoyambitsa Buluu
Madzi a Blueberries amafuna dongosolo lodzala, lomwe silidalira nthawi yobzala. Pakuti tchire akukonzekera maenje kufupika hafu ya mita ndi kukula kwa 60 x 60 masentimita. Makoma ake amasulidwa kuti apereke mpweya ku mizu. Kenaka, gawo lapansi lapamwamba-moor peat lophatikiza ndi 50 g wa sulfure, mchenga, singano ndi utuchi zimayikidwa pansi pa dzenje. Ndikofunika kuti musatenge feteleza ndi feteleza panthawiyi. Zimalumikiza nthaka, ndipo zimayenera kukhala zowonongeka.
Mbewuyo imatsikira kudzenje ndikufalikira mizu yake yogawana mu ndege yonseyo. Kenako amazaza dothi kuti mizu ikhale pansi pamtunda wa masentimita 3. Tsopano nyemba zimayenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuthira nthaka masentimita 12. Pa izi, peat, udzu, makungwa kapena utuchi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
M'chaka, chaka choyamba cha moyo wa sapling, nthambi zamphamvu zimfupikitsidwa ndi theka, ndipo nthambi zofooka zimachotsedwa. M'chaka chachiwiri, kudulira sikungatheke.
Kukula blueberries pa trellis
Mitengo yautali ya buluu imatha kukula osati osati ndi tchire, komanso pa trellis - chojambula chomwe chimathandiza nthambi za zomera. Kwa ichi muyenera kukumba pansi pamtunda wa 2 - 4 mamita awiri mita kapena zothandizira matabwa. Pakati pa iwo m'pofunika kuyimitsa waya mu mizera ndi nthawi ya masentimita 40-50.
Kubzala kwa blueberries kumachitika pamtunda wotambasula ndi masentimita 70 pakati pa tchire. Pamene nthambi za kuthengo zimakonzedwa, nthawi zonse zimangirizidwa ku waya. Pankhaniyi, mphukirayi imayikidwa kuti aliyense atenge kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi dzuwa.
Chifukwa chakuti zipatsozi zimakhala bwino bwino, zimawotcha ndipo zimatenthetsa, zimakula kwambiri zowutsa mudyo komanso zokoma. Kusamalira zitsamba zomwe zimabzalidwa motere ziyenera kukhala zofanana ndi zomwe zimabzalidwa moyenera: chakudya, madzi, mulch, kudula.
Kwa mtundu uwu wa kulima tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito mitundu yotsatira ya blueberries:
- Rankoscale;
- Mulungu;
- Mnyamata;
- Coville;
- Herbert.
Kusamalira Buluu
Ntchito zothandizira ma blueberries sizikuwonetseratu chilichonse chapadera. Amafunika kuthirira, kudyetsa, kumasula, kugulira, kudulira. Kutsegula kumachitika kangapo pa nyengo, koma mosamala kwambiri. Mitengo ya buluu ndi yokwana 15 cm kuchokera pamwamba. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch azitsamba ndi kumasula nthaka, popanda kuchotsa zovala. Koma izi siziyenera kuchitika kawirikawiri, kuti dothi lisamawume.
Kuthirira ma blueberries
Chomeracho chimakhala cholimba kuthirira. Madzi sayenera kugwedezeka pafupi ndi mizu yaitali kwa masiku awiri, koma kusowa kwa chinyezi n'koipa chifukwa cha ubwino wake. Madzi kawiri pa sabata ndi zidebe ziwiri pa chitsamba chilichonse chachikulu. Kuwonjezera apo, kuthirira kumodzi kumaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa chidebe chimodzi m'mawa ndi tsiku litadutsa. Mu July ndi August, pamene maluwa aikidwa ndipo fruiting ikuyamba, kutsirira kuyenera kutengedwa mosamala kwambiri.
Mtengo wa mbeu umadalira kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Pamene kulima mafakitale kumapereka ulimi wothirira kwa blueberries. Pa masiku otentha kwambiri amafunikanso kupopera mbewu kumayambiriro ndi madzulo kuti asapitirire kutentha kwambiri.
Kupaka pamwamba ndi feteleza feteleza
Chomeracho chimaonedwa kuti n'chochepa kwambiri ku nthaka, koma kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mchere kumayankha mwangwiro. Ndibwino kuti abwere nawo kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene kutaya kuyamwa kumayambira ndipo masamba akuphulika.
Ndikofunikira! Mabulosi a Blueberries amatsutsana ndi feteleza.
Zinc sulfate, superphosphate, magnesium sulphate, potassium sulphate ndi ammonium sulphate zimapindula kwambiri ndi zomera. Wotsirizira, umene umatanthawuza za feteleza zamchere, umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu magawo atatu. Kumayambiriro kwa masika, amapereka 40 peresenti yomaliza, kumayambiriro kwa May - 35%, June - 25%. Pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi ndikofunika kuika 70 - 90 g. Izi zikwanira kuthengo mpaka masika.
Phosphoric feteleza ya blueberries (superphosphate) imapereka 100 g pa chitsamba chilichonse kamodzi m'nyengo ya chilimwe ndipo kamodzi m'dzinja. Zinc ndi sulfate ya potaziyamu perekani 2 g kamodzi pa nyengo, magnesium sulfate - 15 g iliyonse.
Mapangidwe a Buluu
Kuti blueberries apereke nthawi zonse, iyenera kudula. Kudulira kungakhale kokonzeka komanso koyera. Yoyamba ikuchitika kumapeto kwa impso. Makamaka mosamala, ndondomeko ikuchitika pa tchire ali ndi zaka 2 mpaka 4.
Kwa iwo nkofunika kupanga korona wamphamvu, kotero kuti mazira, ntchentche, matenda ndi ofooka nthambi, komanso zomwe zimawoneka pamzu, zimadulidwa. Ndikofunika kuti asiye nthambi zitatu zamphamvu kwambiri. Kuyambira ali ndi zaka zinayi, amawombera kuposa zaka zisanu.
Ndikofunikira! Pa tchire la chaka choyamba cha moyo tikulimbikitsanso kuchotsa maluwa onse kuti mbeuyo ikhale bwino pa nyengoyi.
Njira yowonongeka imadalira mtundu wa mbewu. Zitsamba zomwe zimamera molunjika mmwamba, kudula pakati, ndi kuzungulira ndi kuzungulira pansi kudula nthambi zapansi. Komanso tcheru ku tchire lapafupi sizingazengedwe ndi nthambi.
Kudulira zonyansa kumachitika nthawi yonseyi. Mukangoona mphukira zowakayikira, nthawi yomweyo muzizidula ndikuziwotcha kutali ndi webusaitiyi.
Mabulosi a Buluu
Kuphimba mulingo, komanso kumasula nthaka, kumathandiza kusunga dothi loyenera pansi pa chitsamba. Makungwa, utuchi wa utuchi, singano zapaini, masamba ovunda, ndi udzu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulch. Mbalame yamphine ya mulching imapatsa tchire kuyang'ana kwakukulu - tchire zidzakwanira bwino kumalo okongola. Mndandanda wa mulch umadalira zaka za zomera: buluu ndi wamkulu, wambiri ayenera kukhala.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwiritsa ntchito mulch watsopano kumachepetsa kukula kwa blueberries. Chowonadi n'chakuti pakadali pano tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amawononga zinthuzo, ndipo amachotsa nayitrogeni m'nthaka. Choncho, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mulch watsopano, musanakhalepo muwonjezere mlingo wachiwiri wa nayitrogeni feteleza pansi pa chitsamba.
Mulch amakulolani kuti muchepetse kutsegula kwa impso m'chaka ndi masamba omwe akugwa kugwa. Komanso, chomeracho chimamva madontho otentha otentha omwe angathe kuwononga. Koma pamsasa wotere, blueberries imabereka kwambiri, nkhuni zimapsa bwino, zomwe zimathandizanso kuti zipirire kuzizira.
Zima zouluka
Maluwa a mabulosi a mabulosi ampiri amatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka -7˚С, choncho mvula imatha kusokoneza mbewu. Koma autumn frosts, ngakhale pa -2 ° C, akhoza kuwononga akadali wamng'ono mbewu. Pofuna kupewa imfa, pamaso yophukira frosts pa tchire kuponyera zina opangidwa zinthu, monga burlap, filimu, spunboard.
Nthawi zina zimalimbikitsanso kuwaza zomera pa nthawiyi - piritsirani ndi madzi kuchokera mumphuno yaing'ono yapadera pa payipi kapena ya atomizer yaing'ono.
Funso lina ndilo momwe mungaphimbe blueberries m'nyengo yozizira. Ngati izo ziri pafupi Mitundu yaitali, imatha kulekerera chisanu mpaka -25˚С. Koma ngati nyengo yozizira imatulutsidwa popanda chipale chofewa kapena ndi mvula yambiri, imatha kufota. Pachifukwa ichi, tchire tingathenso kutsekedwa ndi kupukuta, kutchinga kapena kumangirizidwa ndi lapnik. Kuti izi zitheke, m'dzinja, mawonekedwe a zothandizira ndi waya wolowerera pakati pawo amaikidwa pamwamba pa tchire. Kwenikweni, izi ndizokonzekera kwa blueberries m'nyengo yozizira ndikutha.
Zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza pamene mukukula
Ngakhale kuti pali zambiri zokhudza kulima blueberries, komwe kuli anthu, wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa amapanga zolakwika zambiri. Zina mwa izo ndizoyenera kukumbukira zotsatirazi:
1. Kudyetsa chitsamba pa nthaka yonyowa kapena pansi, poganizira zochitika zakutchire za blueberries zimakula m'mapiri. Ndipotu, kuthengo, imakula m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pamapiri, pamatope, ndipo imasowa chinyezi. Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi sichipatsa mpweya wokwanira mizu, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira imayipseza chisanu. Choncho, kuti tchire la buluu tizisankha malo ndi chinyezi cholimbitsa thupi.
2. Kutentha kwambiri kwa nthaka. PH values pamwamba pa 5.5, mycorrhiza bowa sakhala pansi, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakuyamwitsa zakudya ndi zomera. Masamba a Buluu amapeza kuwala kobiriwira, komwe kumasonyeza kusowa kwa nayitrogeni.
3. Mthunzi wambiri wa chitsamba. Chomeracho chimakula bwino mumthunzi, koma chimatha kubereka zipatso kapena kupereka zokolola zochepa ndi zowawa. Choncho, ngati mukufuna zipatso zambiri zowutsa mudyo, perekani chomeracho ndi dzuwa ndi mphepo yochepa.
4. Osakonzekera osadziwika. Buluule kuphatikizapo zitsamba zosatha, anthu ochepa amavutitsidwa ndi oyambirira awo. Sitilekerera dothi lomwe linamera feteleza zosakwana zaka zisanu zapitazo.
5. Kuphwanya lamulo la kusankha ndi kukonzekera mbande kubzala. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kukhala ndi nthambi zambiri za sapling ndi chitsimikizo cha kupulumuka kwake. На самом деле надо обращать внимание на корневую систему растения. Если она находится в тесном горшке и корни завернуты вовнутрь, такое растение ослаблено. Высадив его в таком состоянии, вы не получите ожидаемого результата.Onetsetsani kuti muwongole ndi kumasula mizu ya mbeu musanadzalemo. Iwo okha sadzachita izi ndipo mizu sidzakula.
6. Kupangika bwino ndi mlingo wa feteleza. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti blueberries ikhoza kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza omwewo monga tchire lina. Koma kwenikweni, kawirikawiri organic matter ndi kloride mineral feteleza ndi zowopsa kwa mycorrhiza bowa yomwe imakhala pa mizu ya chomera ndipo imathandiza kuti imve zakudya. Choncho, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pasanafike pakati pa mwezi wa June.
7. Kuchulukitsa kwambiri nthaka. Popeza kuti mizu ya chitsamba ili pafupi kwambiri, kumasulidwa sikuyenera kutsika mozama kuposa masentimita atatu, ndipo pamene talira, musagwiritse ntchito khola ndi zowonjezera zina. Ndibwino kuti mulch nthaka. Izi zidzapulumutsa udzu, tizirombo, matenda, kusintha kutentha ndi kayendedwe ka madzi. Kutsegula mulch kumathandiza kusunga mizu yosalala, yomwe, ngati itawonongeka, imabwezeretsedwa pang'onopang'ono.
Lero, wamaluwa ali ndi chidwi chokula blueberries ndi kusonkhanitsa thanzi ndi zokoma zipatso. Koma owerengeka amadziwa zimenezo Kusamalira izo ndi zosiyana ndi tchire labwino la mabulosi. Kuwonjezera apo, kudikira kokolola koyamba kungachedwe kwa zaka zingapo.
Pachifukwa ichi, kulakwitsa kulikonse kungawononge zaka za ntchito. Choncho, musanayambe kulima blueberries, m'pofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa ulimi wake. Kuti mukhale oyenerera, mudzapatsidwa zokolola zabwino ndi zokoma za zipatso zabwino.
