Calathea (lat. Calathea) - chokongola chodyera chodyera banja maranths (Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo Calathea: Safironi, Rufibarba, Zebrina, Lansifolia, Medallion, Varshevich, Makoy komanso otchuka kwambiri pakati pa amalima a maluwa Maranta ndi Stromanta).
Dzina la duwa limachokera ku liwu lakale lachi Greek la Kalathos (basket), lomwe ndilo chifukwa chowomba amagwiritsa ntchito masamba ndi mizu ya Kalati.
Calathea amakhala kumadera a nkhalango za Central ndi South America. M'masitolo ogulitsa maluwa, chomera chachilendochi chimakopa maso.
Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa: Calatei ali ndi masamba oyambirira. Iwo kaŵirikaŵiri samagwiritsanso ntchito monophonic. Maluwa ambiri amaluwa amazokongoletsedwa ndi maonekedwe okongola kwambiri.
Calathea ndi chomera chopanda nzeru. Olima amalima, makamaka oyamba kumene, ayenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti apeze maluwa kuti akondweretse maso ndi zokongoletsa ndi zathanzi.
Kusamalira Calathea kuli ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa. Kulephera kutsatira zinthu zabwino kwa Calathea kumabweretsa matenda osiyanasiyana a kukongola kosangalatsa.
Matenda a Calathea ndi zithunzi
Akhazikika ku nkhalango zam'mvula, Calathea sangathe kulekerera mpweya wouma, mthunzi, ma drafts ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha. Zonsezi ndizo zimayambitsa matenda a maluwa.
Zambiri za matenda a Calathea zikhoza kuwonetsedwa mu chithunzi chili pansipa:
Masamba owuma (nsonga za masamba)
Nchifukwa chiyani masamba a Calathea akuuma? Funso lofunsidwa ndi ambiri okonda maluwa. Choyamba muyenera kudziwa chifukwa chake.
- mpweya wouma. Calathea amakonda chinyezi. M'chipinda momwe amakhala, ayenera kukhala osachepera 90%. Kukhalabe ndi boma ngatilo n'kovuta.
Wokonza mafuta kapena kupopera masamba tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi abwino otenthedwa ndi otentha angathe kuthetsa vutoli.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa madzi wamba "kuchokera pamphepete" n'kosafunika., pamene imasiya mabala owerengeka, omwe sungakhoze kuchotsedwa pamwamba pa masamba (izi ndi zowona makamaka kwa mitundu ya Kalathey ndi timapepala todzikongoletsa).
Kuti apange chonyowa cha microclimate, maluwawo akhoza kuikidwa mu trays yapadera ndi yonyowa yonyowa dongo. Masamba owuma ayenera kuchotsedwa ku chomera panthaŵi yake;
- dzuwa lenileni. Calatheas ndi yofunikanso, koma kuunikira komwe kumafunikira kumafewa ndi kusokonezeka.
ZOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI! Dzuŵa lolowera limawotcha pamoto pa zomera. Zotsatira zake zingakhale zosiyana: kuyanika kwa masamba, kutayika kwa mtundu wawo, kugwa.
Kuti muwathandize maluwa, muyenera kusintha malo ake. Ngati Calathea ili ndi "mpweya wokwanira" pa loggia kapena khonde, iyenera kukhala yopota.
Zowuma ndi zophimbidwa masamba
Kwa funso lakuti, "N'chifukwa chiyani a Calathea akuuma ndi kukupukuta masamba?" Sizingatheke kuyankha moyenera.
Chodabwitsa ichi (kusuntha kwa masamba) sikuyenera kusokonezeka ndi mphamvu yachibadwa yochitira izi onse oimira ma antitics. Izi zimachitika usiku ndipo izi ndi zachilendo.
Chinthu china, mukawona masamba opotoka ndi opukuta pambewu pamasana, akulankhula kale za vuto linalake. Zifukwa zingakhale izi:
- kuthirira madzi okwanira, - iyenera kukhala yochuluka, duwa sililoleza chilala.
Madzi oweta ayenera kukhala ofunda ndi otetezedwa bwino.
Koma simukuyenera kutengedwera - chinyezi chochuluka chimakhala choipa kwa Calathea ndipo chikhoza kuyambitsa mizu;
- kukongola, kuzizira - pambuyo pake, Calathea ndi thermophilic.
Kulemba kapena kukonzera kulikonse pansi pa madigiri 18 kungakhale koopsa kwa iye.
Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi kutentha kwabwino mu chipinda chimene maluwa amakhala.
Kotero, zifukwa zingakhale zirizonse. Ndipo ndikofunikira kuti muwapeze iwo molondola kuti mudziwe: ngati masamba a Kalathea akuwuma, choti muchite.
Calathea amatembenukira chikasu
Izi zimachitika kuti Calathea amasanduka chikasu ndi youma. Zizindikiro izi zingayambitse kusowa kwa feteleza kapena kupitirira malire. Kwa chomera, zonsezi ndizovulaza. Nkofunika kuti manyowa a calathea amve kuyambira pa March mpaka September kamodzi pa masabata awiri ndi kuyambira mwezi wa October mpaka pa March kamodzi pa masabata asanu ndi limodzi ndi asanu ndi limodzi.
Ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezereka zowonjezera zokongola za maluwa. Koma mlingo wa feteleza wafupika ndipo umatenga pafupifupi theka la izo zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa mu malangizo pa phukusi.
Chomeracho sichitha pachimake
- dothi siligwirizana. Chomeracho chimapulumuka bwino mu nthaka yosaoneka bwino ndi kusowa kwa mandimu, ndi bwino kumvetsera pamene mukugula malo mu shopu la maluwa;
- chisamaliro chosayenera. Kutentha kwamtambo, kutentha, kudyetsa kwa kanthawi komanso kudyetsa nthawi ndizo zikuluzikulu za kukula bwino kwa Calathea.
Ngati maluwa omwe amayembekezera kwa nthawi yaitali sakufulumira kuonekera, ngakhale malamulo onse akukula akuwonekera, ndi bwino kuika maluwa m'mbiya ndi madzi (ngati pansi pa mphika sakhudza madzi).
Tizilombo
- Kangaude mite. Mmodzi wa oopsa adani a m'nyumba zomera. Zimabereka ndi liwiro la mphezi. Mtundu wa tizilombo nthawi zambiri umakhala wosiyana ndi wofiira mpaka wofiira.
N'zotheka kuzindikira kuti kupezeka kwa nkhupakupa ndi tsamba lochepa kwambiri lomwe limamera maluwa ndi mapepala oyera pa masamba a masamba.Nkhumba ya kangaude imadyetsa selo yakuya kwa zimayambira ndi masamba.
Amatha nthawi yochepa kuti awononge chomeracho.
Sikovuta kulimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, monga nkhuku imangokhalira kusinthasintha mankhwala osiyanasiyana.
Mpweya wouma ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zowonekera kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndikofunikira kudziwa ndi kusunga malo ofunikira mu chipinda..
Ndibwino kuyesa chomera nthawi zambiri ndipo, poyamba kuwonongeke, chotsani tsamba kumene tizilombo tafika. Pankhani yaikulu ya nkhupakupa, maluwa amachiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (actellic, fitoverm).
- Shchitovka. Makina a sera a tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi osavuta kuona pamwamba pa masambawo. Tizilombo timadya maluwa a maluwawo, chifukwa amatha kuuma, amauma, masambawa amakhala ndi mabala a bulauni.
N'zotheka kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe tinkasamalira kale mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi mbeuyo ndi njira yothetsera sopo.
- Kupuma. Kuthira kwa calathea mopitirira muyeso sikungangokhala kowola mizu, komanso kuoneka kwa tizilombo.
Kukhalapo kwa thrips kumawoneka ndi mawanga oyera pa tsamba pamwamba (tizilombo tiri kumbuyo kwa tsamba ndikudyera mkati).
Mawanga oyera amauma, zowola, mabowo amapangidwa m'malo awo. Chomeracho chimasowa maonekedwe ake okongola. Limbani tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo lonse.
- Rhizoctoniosis. Kugonjetsedwa kwa bowawu kungawononge calathea. Zimapezeka chifukwa cha kuthirira mozama komanso maonekedwe a mizu zowola. Kugonjetsa mdani uyu ndi kotheka mwa kuchiza chomera ndi fungicides.
N'zotheka kuzindikira kuti kupezeka kwa nkhupakupa ndi tsamba lochepa kwambiri lomwe limamera maluwa ndi mapepala oyera pa masamba a masamba.Penyani kanema yothandiza ponena za kangaude pansi pa:
Mukhoza kuona kuti matenda omwe ali pamwambawa ndi oopsa monga momwe mungaganizire. Kodi mungasunge bwanji Calathea? Ndi mavuto onse omwe mungathe kulimbana nawo mosavuta, muyenera kungoona ndi kumvetsetsa panthawi yake chizindikiro cha thandizo chomwe chimatumizidwa ndi chiweto chanu chobiriwira.
