Chomera chokhala ndi dzina losazolowereka chiri ndi zosavuta zachilengedwe. Sagwiritsiridwa ntchito kokha kwa chakudya, zipatso zimachotsedwa m'madera ena, koma iwowo ali ndi mawonekedwe odabwitsa. Osati munda aliyense amalima lagenaria, ndipo si aliyense amene amadziwa chomwe chiri. Koma zotsatira za ntchito nthawizonse zimadabwitsa.
Lagenaria: kufotokoza za chikhalidwe
Anthu ambiri amadziwa Lagenariya ndi mayina ena: zukini wa Vietnamese, nkhaka za Indian, khalabasi, botolo, gulu la botolo ndi ena. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti zinachokera ku India kupita ku Vietnam, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko mu 1071 kupita ku Ulaya. Zomera zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi scallops, zukini, dzungu. Koma, mosiyana ndi iwo, sali kukula ngati chomera chokwawa. Kuti mukolole bwino, mukufunikira trellis oposa mamita awiri, popeza zipatso zingathe kufika mamita awiri ndi theka. Kuonjezera apo, mbewu yokhayo ndi yokongoletsera, choncho nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa m'madera ena a m'mundamo komwe mukufuna kukongoletsa nyumba zofanana. Nthawi zina lagenaria imakula pamapalasitiki kapena loggias, popeza zipangizo zamakono zaulimi n'zosavuta. 
Mukudziwa? Zipatso za chomeracho ankagwiritsa ntchito popanga mbale zosiyanasiyana ngakhale Aroma akale. Masiku ano, pambali pa mbale, amapanga zidole, zida zoimbira, mapaipi, mabasiketi, mapepala a phulusa ku Latin America, Asia, ndi Africa. Kuchokera ku mapesi aatali amavala zinthu zina zofunika m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku.Masamba a mtundu amafanana ndi zukini, ndipo amawoneka mosiyana kwambiri: mwa mawonekedwe a mtanda, botolo, jug, njoka-ngati-njoka ndipo amangokhala ochepa, monga nkhaka zazikulu zamita awiri. Kulemera kwa zipatso zotero kumasiyana ndi 3 mpaka 7 kg. Zipatso zosapsa zokha, zomwe sizinapitilire 60 cm m'litali, zingadye. Mwa iwo akukonzekera mbale zomwezo monga za dzungu. Mwachitsanzo, konzekerani caviar, saladi, zikondamoyo. Zipatso zing'onozing'ono zimakulungidwa, koma zing'onozing'ono zimatengedwa komanso zimatungidwa mchere. Zipatso zoyamba kucha ndizoyenera kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zomera zimatchedwanso dzungu. Mitsuko yomwe imapangidwa, madzi samatha kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo mkaka umawombera kwambiri.
Zomwe zimapanga lagenarii, kusankha malo oti mubzalidwe
Kawirikawiri lagenaria imatenga malo odzala, kotero kuti ikhoza kukondweretsa osati ndi zipatso zokha, koma ndi zonse zobiriwira. Amagula mitengo, mipanda, mitengo ngati chomera chokongola. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo kusamalirako kumafuna osachepera.
Kutentha ndi kuwala kwa lagenaria
Ngakhalenso nkhuku zambiri kapena dzungu, mimba imakonda kutentha komanso kuwala. Pa kutentha pansi pa 15 ° C, mbewu zake sizikumera, ndipo mphukira zazing'ono mumthunzi zimakula kwambiri. Mmera wamkulu akhoza kumva bwino mumthunzi wa mtengo, pogwiritsa ntchito mtengo wake ngati chithandizo. Choncho, ndi bwino kusankha malo otseguka kuti akule mbewu, komwe kuli kutentha kwa chilimwe. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo ayenera kutetezedwa ku mphepo ndi ma drafts. Malo oyenera a lagenarii ndi mbali ya dzuwa ya mitengo, mipanda, arbors, makoma a nyumba.
Mukudziwa? Masamba alibe zipatso zokha, koma ndi zozizwitsa zowonjezera. Masabata angapo pambuyo pa ovary, chipatsocho chifika mamita awiri ndi theka m'litali.Kapenanso, lagenariya akhoza kuikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Pankhaniyi, mutsimikiziridwa kuti mudzapeza zokolola zoyenera. Mpweya wobiriwira uyenera kukhala wamtali mamita awiri ndipo uli ndi vertical trellis mkati mwake chomwe chomeracho chidzapindika.
Ndi nthaka yotani yomwe imakonda Lagenaria
Lagenariya kapena, monga momwe imatchedwanso, msuzi wa botolo umafuna nthaka yowonjezera yokhala ndi zabwino zabwino zothira ndi zochepa acidity. Kuti muchite izi, yikani bedi ladothi kapena zidutswa zomangidwa ndi njerwa 3 cm pamgedi ndi kuziwaza ndi dothi, kapena ndikofunikira kukumba nthaka ndi mchenga.
Kuyambira m'dzinja, zimalimbikitsa kudzaza nthaka ndi feteleza zofunika. Mu autumn, biomass kuchokera masamba, makungwa, utuchi, nsonga zikufalikira pa cholinga chofika malo ndi kuwaza ndi mandimu pamwamba. Pambuyo pa kuwedzeretsa mvula kumapeto kwa masika, mcherewu umaphimbidwa ndi manyowa ndi utuchi umene umatha kubzala mbande.
Mmene mungamerekere lagenariya kuchokera ku mbewu
Lagenariya imabereka kupyolera mu mbande, kulima kubzala mbewu kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, ngakhale kuti pali ndondomeko kuti izichita mwezi umodzi chisanafike chokonzekera chodzala poyera.
Momwe mungakonzekerere kubzala
Mbeu za masamba osakanizika ndi ochepa kwambiri, sizowonjezereka kumera mkhalidwe wathu, kotero amaluwa ena amalimbikitsa kudula pamwamba poyerekeza ndi momwe kachilombo kamakhala pambewu. Koma izi siziri zonse. Kawirikawiri, kumangokhala kukwawa kwa mbeu mu njira zothetsera mavuto apadera. Malingana ndi malingaliro a wopanga mankhwala, njira iyi ingatenge kuyambira maola anayi mpaka masiku awiri. Kenaka, kumera kwa mbewu za lagenarii kumachitika kumalo aliwonse ozizira. Mwachitsanzo, mu utuchi wouma, komwe mbewu ziyenera kubisa kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi kutentha kosachepera 23 ° C. Pakhomo, batri yoyamba yowonongeka ndi yoyenera pa izi. Izi zimapangitsa 100% kumera kubzala.
Kubzala mbande za Lagenaria
Pamene mphukira zoyamba zikuwonekera, zimayambidwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi kukula stimulator ndi kuyamba kuthirira ngati pakufunika. Kuunikira kumakhala kolimba kwambiri momwe zingathere. Patangotha sabata pambuyo pa maonekedwe, utuchi ukhoza kukhala wodetsedwa pang'ono ndi biohumus. Ndipo pokhapokha atayang'ana tsambalo lachitatu, nyemba zowonjezereka zimatha kuziyika muzokha zosiyana kapena zolemba pamapepala.
Zomera zimayikidwa m'nthaka yopangidwa ndi peat, humus ndi mchenga wa mtsinje. Akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni kuti lisakanikirana (pa 10 kg ya osakaniza a 0,5 makilogalamu a phulusa). Mbande za lagenaria mukamabzala ndi mbewu zimakula ndikukula muzitsulo zokha kuchokera masabata atatu mpaka asanu.
Kusamalira mmera
Mmerawo uyenera kukhala mu chipinda chozizira bwino kutentha kwa pafupifupi 15 ° C. Kumusamalira ndi kophweka: muyenera kuthirira ngati pakufunika ndi kuyendayenda nthawi ndi nthawi.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungabzalidwe mbande mutseguka
Ngati mbeuyi idabzalidwa pakati pa mwezi wa April, pakati pa mwezi wa May, iwo ali okonzeka kubzala. Ndikofunika kuti pasanathe masiku osachepera 30 chiyambireni nthawi yofesa, mbande inali yaitali masentimita 10, ndipo panalibenso chiopsezo cha chisanu pansi.
Mu nthaka kukumba mabowo pafupifupi 25 masentimita awiri pamtunda wa mamita wina ndi mnzake. Mmodzi mwa iwo muyenera kuwonjezera mchere wambiri wa feteleza ndi manja awiri a utuchi, phulusa, supuni ziwiri za superphosphate. Kumera makapu oikidwa mu dzenje mofatsa, kuti asawononge mizu. Mtengo wapamwamba umalimbikitsidwa kuti mulch masamba kapena utuchi. Podziwa kuti chomera lagenariya, tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mulching awiri zigawo: yachizolowezi zakuthupi kwa pogona ndi filimu, akulimbikitsidwa ndi miyala. Izi zimathandiza kukweza kutentha kwa mizu ya chomera, chomwe chiri thermophilic kwambiri.
Pamwamba pa mbande tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa filimu yoteteza. Amayang'ana pamtanda, wokhala pamtunda wa masentimita 70 pakati pa munda. Mphepete mwace iyenera kupitilira kunja kwa filimuyi, yomwe imakwirira pansi. Akatentha kunja, chivundikirochi chimatsegulidwa pang'ono. Potsirizira pake, amachotsedwa pamene nyengo yofunda imakhazikika. Monga lamulo, panthawi ino chomera chimayamba pachimake ndipo chatsala kale kuti chiyike pa trellis.
Mbali yosamalira lagenariya kunja
Lagenariya safuna njira zovuta zolima ndi kusamalira. Ndikwanira bwino kuthirira, kudyetsa ndi kupopera mbewu. Zomalizazi zimachitika pafupi kamodzi pa masabata awiri kapena atatu ndikukonzekera, mwachitsanzo, Ovary.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa lagenarii
Mitengo ya chisamaliro cha masamba ndi yosiyana ndi kusamalidwa.. Mukhoza kudyetsa lagenaria ndi mullein kawiri m'chilimwe komanso katatu ndi potaziyamu sulphate pa mlingo wa supuni pa ndowa ya madzi. Kuonjezera kukoma kwa ndiwo zamasamba, mukhoza kuwonjezera feteleza wamagetsi kamodzi pa nyengo imodzimodziyo. Pamene zipatso zimatsanuliridwa, phulusa liwiri lochepa limatha kutsanulira pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse.
Ndikofunikira! Botolo lamaluwa limamasula maluwa madzulo ndipo limamasula usiku, kotero kuti kulima kumafuna kupanga pollination. Pochita izi, tenga mungu kuchokera ku maluwa amphongo, omwe masana ali pamagetsi owala, monga maluwa akukula mumthunzi, mungu uli wosabala. Siyenso ngati madzi alowa maluwa.
Palinso njira zina zoperekera zomera. Mwachitsanzo, kamodzi pamlungu pa nthawi yonse ya zomera, kupereka mankhwala "New Ideal" pamlingo wa chivindikiro cha madzi pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Kupaka pang'onopang'ono ndi Siliki ndi kukula kwa Epic kangapo panthawi. Pamene chomera chiyamba kubala chipatso, ndi bwino kupatsa chakudya cha foliar ndi njira ziwiri "mbewu".Chiwembu cha kuthirira chomera ndi chimodzimodzi ndi dzungu. Kawirikawiri amalangizidwa kuti azitha kumwa madzi monga momwe zilili zofunikira, kuteteza dothi kuti lisawume, komanso osati kusefukira. Koma pali lingaliro lakuti ndi bwino kuti musatsanulire lagenarius kusiyana ndi kuwatsanulira, mwinamwake chiopsezo cha matenda chikuwonjezeka ndipo kukoma kwa chipatso kumakula. Mukamwetsa ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madzi sagwera pamutu wa mbeu. Ngati izi zikuchitika, ziyenera kukonzedwa ndi phulusa. Ndikofunika kuthirira chomera chokha ndi madzi ofunda. Chakumapeto kwa August, kuthirira kwaimitsidwa kuti zipatso zikhoza kupsa bwino.
Thandizo la Lagenaria
Funso la momwe mungamere bwino lagenaria, likudalira kufunikira koyika chithandizo cha mbewu: chikhalidwe ndi chokongoletsa, yaitali, ndi zipatso zake ndi zazikulu ndi zolemera. Pachifukwachi, m'pofunika kuyika pamunda makwerero a trellis ndi kutalika kwa mamita awiri, pomwe, pamene ikukula, kumangiriza zipatso ndi kupaka kwa mbewu. Koma mungathe kutsogolo kwa lagenariya kumakhoma, mpanda kapena mpanda ndikuwombera ngati chokongoletsera. 
Pa trellis kumangiriza kutupa ndikofunikira kupyolera pamtunda uliwonse wopulumuka. Ngati lagenaria ikukula motsutsana ndi mpanda kapena mpanda, nkofunika kutsogolera mphukira mmwamba kuti zitsulo zake zikhoze kutsogolo.
Kusinthanitsa ndi kudulira
Lagenariya ndi chomera chomwe, kuwonjezera pa malamulo apadera okudzala ndi kusamalira, amafunika nthawi yake yowinyamulira ndi kudulira. Izi zimathandiza kulimbikitsa kukula kwa nthambi zam'mbali ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa mphukira yaikulu. Apo ayi, ikhoza kutambasula kufika mamita 15. Ngakhalenso mphukira kumbali imatha kufika mamita 10 m'litali. Poganizira kuti kutalika kwa mapepalawa sikudutsa mamita awiri, kutentha kumayenera kutumizidwa ndi kutsika.
Ndikofunikira! Mulimonse momwe kukula kwa mphukira kumayendetsedwa, pamwamba pake nthawi zonse zizikhala padzuwa.Kuphwanyika kumayamba pamene kutalika kwake kufika mamita atatu. Zochitika zoterezi zimapangitsa maonekedwe a inflorescences aakazi, omwe zipatso zawo zimapangidwa.
Mbali za kukolola kwa maluwa
Masamba ali ndi zokolola zambiri. Mpaka makilogalamu 60 a zipatso amatha kuchotsedwa ku chitsamba chimodzi, komanso mochulukirapo. Kumbukirani, ngati mukufuna kuidya, muyenera kuchotsa zamasamba.
Ngati mukukonzekera kusonkhanitsa mbewu, mbewu ingasiyidwe mpaka autumn, koma itachotsedwa, popanda kuyembekezera chisanu, mwinamwake sichidzasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Ndi bwino kuchotsa masamba osangulutsa ndi mbali ya mphukira ndikuisiya pamoto wapakati. Choncho amatha kuphuka nthawi ina, ndipo pofika December adzauma, kusiya mbewu zowongoka mkati. Pambuyo pake, masamba akhoza kutsegulidwa ndi kuwapeza. Amapulumuka mpaka zaka 10.
Mukudziwa? Kuti musangalale ndi zokolola, sikofunika kuchotsa zipatso zonse za lagenaria. Angadulidwe kwa yakucha masamba zofunika ndalama. Chinthu chokhacho: chiyenera kuchitika nyengo yadzuwa, ndipo mdulidwe ukhoza kuphimbidwa ndi mpweya wotsekemera. Kenaka idzagwedezeka, palibe matenda omwe angaloweremo, ndipo kutumphuka kwa phokoso kumapangidwe pa malo odulidwa. Mbewu zidzapitiriza kudzaza zambiri.Chomera chosiyana kwambiri cha Lagenaria n'chosangalatsa osati monga masamba. Zimakonda ngati masamba a mtundu wa dzungu. Koma zipatsozo ndizopangidwe koyambirira zomwe mbewuzo zimakula kuti zikhale zokongoletsa, kuphatikizapo zokongoletsera zaminga, makoma ndi mitengo. Pamene yakucha, amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko opangira zinthu zosiyanasiyana zapakhomo. Pa nthawi yomweyi kusamalidwa kwa mbeu ndi kophweka. Ndikofunika kumupatsa kuwala kokwanira komanso kutentha.
