Mapeyala zothandiza kwambiri kwa thupi laumunthu. Zipatso zili ndi mafuta ochuluka, mavitamini, tannins, mavitamini ambiri ndi kufufuza zinthu.
Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapeyala nthawi zonse:
- Kukhoza kwa thupi kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana kumakula.
- Mpata wa kuwonongeka kwa nyengo kumachepa.
- Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachepetsa shuga.
- Ntchito ya mtima, impso, chiwindi zimakula bwino.
- Kutupa kwa tsamba la mkodzo kwafupika.
- Kuwonjezera kudya ndi chimbudzi.
- Peyala imaphatikizapo kuthandizira kulimbana ndi chifuwa cholimba.
Asayansi, podziwa ubwino wa mapeyala, akhala akugwira ntchito kwa zaka zopitirira zana kuti apange mitundu yatsopano yomwe ingapitirire awo omwe amatsogola kale kuti ayambe kukonda matendawa. Mitengo ya pear ya Victoria ndi zotsatira zabwino za ntchito yovuta ya obereketsa.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Mitundu ya pear ya Victoria inayamba kudziwika ndi otsogolera a Institute for Irrigated Horticulture I. N. Boyko, P. V. Grozditsky, E. A. Avramenko, G. I. Kulikov. Mitundu yatsopano inawonekera chifukwa cha kuwoloka mapeyala a mitundu iwiri: Bere Bosk ndi Totobozhka. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imamera kum'mwera kwa Ukraine, choncho ngaleyo ndi yosavuta kusintha moyo wawo ku steppes ndi forest-steppe. Victoria kupirira chilala ndi kutentha, amatanthauza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala.
Palinso gulu la mitundu ya chilimwe: Limonka, Cosmic, Ilyinka, Carmen ndi Nursery.
Peyala "Victoria": kufotokoza zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi
Victoria Pear imakula kukula kwapakati. Korona wa mtengo wofanana ndi wofanana ndi khola ndi pamwamba.
Zipatso zili ndi mawonekedwe a peyala. Mapeyala okongola amawoneka okongola: kuoneka kofiira kofiira kumapezeka. Nyerere ndi yosalala ndi yopepuka: zambiri zimapezeka bwino.
mfundo zochepa.
Mnofu wa mapeyala alibe wotchulidwa granulation, woyera, exudes fungo labwino.
Mapeyalawa amamangiriridwa bwino ndi tsinde lalitali ndi lopotoka kwa nthambi za mtengo.
Mukhoza kudziwa bwino peyala "Victoria" pa chithunzi chili pansipa:
Makhalidwe
Peyala ya Victoria ndi ya mitundu ya tebulo: kukoma kwakukulu kuphatikizapo maonekedwe okongola kwambiri a chipatso. Mapeyala ndi yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, shuga wokhutira (7.8%) amapezeka pamwamba pa zidulo (0,4%). Akatswiri amalingalira kukoma kwa mapeyala m'zinthu 4.5. Zipatso zimasungidwa m'malo ozizira kwa miyezi ingapo, kotero ziyenera kudyedwa poyamba.
Mitundu yotereyi ikhoza kudzitamandira kwambiri: Kupava, Krasulia, Lada, Dekabrinka ndi Rossoshanskaya Dessert.
Pereka
Mitundu ya Victoria imapereka zokolola zoyambirira osati zaka zoyambirira zitatha mutabzala. Spring chisanu sichivulaza Peyala ya Victoria: khalidwe la zosiyanasiyana late vegetation ndi maluwa. Chifukwa cha ichi chodabwitsa, zipatso zambiri zimangirizidwa, chaka chilichonse mukhoza kuyembekezera kukolola kwakukulu. Mapeyala amakula, zina zimagwira 430 magalamu, pafupifupi zipatso zalemera ndi 250 magalamu. Mtengo wokhwima chaka ndi chaka akhoza kubweretsa mpaka makilogalamu 200 a mbewu.
Zokolola zabwino zimawonetsedwa ndi mitundu: Tatiana, Tikhiy Don, Forest Beauty, Noyabrskaya ndi Lel.
Frost kukana
Mitengo yokhwima ngakhale nyengo yozizira kwambiri imalekerera mosavuta.
Palinso mitundu ina ya mapeyala omwe amadziwika ndi kukana kwa chisanu, monga: Thumbelina, Lira, Nika, Otradnenskaya ndi Perun.
Kusamalira munda kumadalira mbande zokha. Pakati pa mtengowo pansi muyenera kugawira mulch: pa nthawi yomweyi padzakhalanso mchere, ndikuwotcha nthawi yozizira kwambiri.
Ngati nthambi za peyala zidakali zoonda, ndiye kuti akulangizidwa kuti azizimangiriza pamodzi ndi thunthu la nyengo yozizira kuti mphepo yamkuntho isayambe kuvulaza kwambiri nyengo yoipa.
Thunthu ikhoza kumangirizidwa ku khola, motero mtengowo umakhala wolimba kwambiri.
Zimbudzi
Victoria zosiyanasiyana ndi theka zokha. Zipatso zina sizingakhale ndi mbewu.
Kukonzekera kudzawonjezeka kwambiri ngati pulogalamu yomweyo ndi kalasi ya Victoria idzakula zofufumitsa: Bere Dumont, Williams Red, Nikolai Kruger.
Mitundu yonseyi ya mapeyala amatha pachimake pa nthawi yomweyi.
Kutulutsa
Victoria peyala zosiyanasiyana limagwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya chilimwe. Zipatso zimakhala ndi kukhwima kosasunthika mu theka lachiwiri la August: mapeyala panthawiyi atha kale kufika kukula kwake, kuwonjezeka kwa mavitamini kwatha. Komabe, chipatso cha chipatso chimakhala chovuta. Kalasiyi imayandikira kukula kwa ogulitsa pafupi pakati pa September: mapeyala amakhala kwambiri zowutsa mudyo, zofewa ndi zonunkhira.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Nthanga za peyala zimabzalidwa kumayambiriro a masika, komabe ndi bwino kukumba dzenje ndikudzaza ndi nthaka yowonjezera.
Ngati mutabzala mtengo mu dzenje latsopano, ndiye kuti patapita nthawi, nthaka yosamalidwayo imakhala yosachepera 1/5 pa utali wonse, chomeracho chidzakhala chozama kwambiri kuposa chofunikira.
ZOFUNIKA: Mbande ya peyala sayenera kuikidwa m'manda. Khosi lazu liyenera kukhala lopitirira pamwamba pa nthaka.
Ngati chomeracho chibzalidwa mozama, patapita nthawi mizu idzayamba kuvunda ndipo mtengo udzatha.
Olima munda amalangiza kuti apange makoma a dzenje m'malo ambiri ndi mafoloko kuti athe kuwona bwino momwe mungapezere mpweya wa mizu.
Pansi pa dzenje, phiri lalifupi limapangidwa kuchokera ku nthaka yachonde. Sapling imakhala pa phiri ndipo imafalikira mizu kumbali yake. Pomwe dzenje likugona, mtengo uyenera kugwedezeka nthawi zonse kuti dziko lapansi ligawidwe mogawidwa pakati pa mizu yonse, ndipo palibe mipata ya mpweya yomwe imapangidwa.
Pamene dzenje lidzaza ndi nthaka, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka. Ngati panthawi yomweyo dziko lidzakanikizika kwambiri, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kudzaza zigawo zingapo ndikuziphwanya.
Feteleza
Mukamabzala mbande m'dzenje, zimalimbikitsidwa kuyika chidebe cha manyowa, peat kapena kompositi ngati feteleza.
ZOCHITA: Simungakhoze kuika manyowa atsopano mu dzenje lakudzala: Mzu wazomwe umapanga mankhwalawo ukhoza kutentha mankhwala.
Chomera chachikulu chiyenera kukhala ndi feteleza kamodzi pakapita zaka zingapo. Mlingo wa feteleza uli pafupifupi 4 kg / sq. m) Manyowa enieni amagawidwa kuzungulira mtengowo ndipo nthaka imakumbidwa pang'ono.
Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka. Ammonium nitrate, potaziyamu kloridi ndi superphosphate zimaphatikizidwa ku madzi akudiririra.
Njira yabwino kwambiri yogawira timadzi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapopera mtengo nthawi ya mapangidwe a mphukira, mutatha maluwa, mutabzala ndi pamaso pa nyengo yozizira.
Kuthirira
Victoria pear zosiyanasiyana ndi kwambiri kulekerera chilala. Chomeracho ndikwanira komanso madzi amvula. Ngati chilimwe chili chouma kwambiri, peyala ikhoza kuwonjezera madzi.
Best ngati Dothi la earthy lidzakhala lopanda mowirikiza. Ndi kusintha kosayembekezereka mu chinyezi cha mtunda wa dziko lapansi, zipatso zimatha kugwedezeka.
Kudulira
Kudulira pa peyala n'kofunika kwambiri: Panthawiyi, nthambi zouma ndi matenda zimachotsedwa, korona imachotsedwa, ndipo fruiting imayendetsedwa.
Kudulira kumayambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe pamene mpweya kutentha ukufika pa 5 ° C. Malamulo oyambirira:
- Nthambi zimadulidwa ndi mitsuko yakuthwa.
- Ikani mdulidwe womwe ukufunikira kuti ukonzedwe pogwiritsira ntchito njira imodzi yofunikirako: Rannet, mafuta utoto, varnish, munda var.
- Ngati korona ndi wandiweyani, ndiye kofunikira kuchotsa pang'ono nthambizo. Mbewu zotsalazo zokolola zambiri zidzakula chifukwa cha kuunika bwino.
- Nthambi zikukula zikuyenera kuchotsedwa: ndizosabala zipatso.
- Nthambi zikukula ziyenera kufupikitsidwa: zimapangitsa kukula kwa nthambi kutsogolo. Kudulira kotereku kumathandiza kupanga mtengo wotsika ndi wobiriwira, wopereka zochuluka.
Matenda
Taganizirani momwe matenda ambiri amakhudza Victoria.
Scab
Mitundu ya pear ya Victoria imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda owopsawa.
Monilioz
Gwero la matendawa ndi bowa laling'ono lomwe limapatsa chipatsocho. Mapeyalawa amadzazidwa poyamba ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono a bulauni omwe adzawonjezeka pa nthawi mpaka zipatso zowola. Mapeyala omwe akusowa amamatira mwamphamvu ku nthambi ndikupatsira zipatso zoyandikana nazo. Amafunika Chotsani mapeyala onse odwalakotero kuti chipatso chovunda sichifalikira ku mbewu yonse.
Mame a Mealy
Matenda owopsa kwambiri a mapeyala: bowa la parasitic limakhudza mphukira, masamba komanso ngakhale maluwa. Mitengo imadzazidwa ndi chimfine.
Bowa amawononga masamba, maluwa, ndi zipatso zomwe zimayamba kugwa. Spores ya bowa amapulumuka mosavuta ngakhale chisanu choopsa kwambiri.
Njira yokhayo yothetseratu bowa ndiyo kuyang'ana mtengo nthawi zonse, kuchotsa malo owonongeka ndikuwotchera nthawi yomweyo. Nkhalango za bowa zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, choncho mtengo uli wofunikira kupopera kangapo pachaka Sulfite kapena Readzole kuthetseratu matendawa.
Khansara yakuda
Matendawa amakhudza makungwa a mitengo: zilonda zimapangidwira, zomwe zidzawonjezereka pa nthawi. Mabala azunguliridwa ndi mabala a bulauni. Matendawa akhoza kufalikira ku masamba, maluwa ndi zipatso. Malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi khansa ayenera kuikidwa ndi vitriol buluu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dothi ladothi. Pofuna kupewa chosowa chaka chilichonse m'dzinja kuti asonkhanitse ndi kuwotcha masamba osagwa.
Kodi dzimbiri, bakiteriya amatentha bwanji ndi //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html mapeyala amadziwonetsera okha, awerenge m'nkhani zosiyana za webusaitiyi.
Tizilombo
Sizilombo zambiri zomwe zingathe kuvulaza Victoria.
Brown zipatso mite
Zimakhudza mitengo ya zipatso zambiri. Mphungu imawonekera kumayambiriro kwa kasupe.
Pamene mphutsi imatha, mitengoyo imakhalabe zikopa zawo, zomwe zimatha kuzindikira mosavuta zowonongeka.
Ngati impso zisanakwane, ndiye kuti olepa kapena nitrafen ingathandize kuthetsa mphutsi.
Ngati tizilombo taoneka pamene mapeyala ayamba kale kuphuka pamtengo, ndiye kuti nkutheka kugwiritsa ntchito akartan, karbofos kapena colloidal sulfure kuti apopera mbewu.
Pearl tsamba gallitsa
Mambuki aang'ono-ofiira-ofiira amaika mphutsi zake pamasamba. Mphutsi zikukula kwambiri kudya mnofu wa masamba, kukula kumachitika kumalo owonongeka, omwe amatchedwa galls.
Pofuna kupewa tsamba lamasamba, kupopera mbewu kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi tizilombo kumathandiza: zolon, karbofos, nexion.
Ngati mumatsatira malamulo oyambirira othandizira peyala, tizirombo ndi matenda ambiri samagunda mtengo.
Njira zabwino zothandizira
- kuyeretsa ndi kuyaka masamba osagwa kumapeto kwa autumn;
- kukumba pansi kuzungulira mtengo kwa nyengo yozizira ndi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe;
- kufufuza mtengo nthawi zonse, kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zowuma ndi zowonongeka.
Victoria peyala zosiyanasiyana ndi wotchuka kwambiri m'madera ambiri Ukraine chifukwa. Kukoma kwakukulu, kukana bwino chilala ndi chisanu, komanso matenda ena, zathandiza peyala kuti ipeze malo ake m'mitima ya wamaluwa.
