Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yotchuka ya ng'ombe padziko lapansi ndi mkaka wa Holstein.

Golshtinsky (Holstein-Friesian) ng'ombe za mkaka - imodzi mwa zofunidwa ndi zotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Ambiri omwe amalandila USA, Canada, mayiko ena a ku Ulaya, koma tsopano akukula mwakhama m'madera ena a dziko lapansi.

Mbiri ya mtundu wa Holstein

Mitundu yabwinoyi ili ndi mbiri yosangalatsa. Icho chikuchitika kuchokera ng'ombe zakuda zakuda ndi zoyeraabweretsedwe USA kumbuyo kumayambiriro kwa zaka zapitazo. Choyamba cha Freenka chinagulidwa ndi mlimi wa ku America. V. Cheneri mu 1852 ku Netherlands.

Anayamikira kukolola kwa mtunduwu, ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito zambiri zobereka, adatulutsanso zatsopano, zowonjezera. Poyamba iye Holstein-Friesiankoma kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ali nalo dzina Golshtinsky.

Mu 1861 iye amavomerezedwa mwalamulo ku America, ndipo patatha zaka 10, bungwe la Breeding-Frisian Breeding linakhazikitsidwa, ndipo buku lawo linaonekera. Kuti 1905 m'dzikoli munali atsogoleri oposa 7,000.

Nyamazo zinali zosiyana ndi zokolola zambiri komanso mkaka wabwino kwambiri.. Madzi otchedwa Holstein-friezes adagwiritsidwanso ntchito poswana poyenda ndi mitundu ina, yomwe imakhala yochepa kwambiri.

Palinso mitundu ina ya ng'ombe za mkaka, monga: Black motley, Jersey, Simmental, Aishir, Red Steppe, Yaroslavl, Kholmogory.

Kuwoneka kwa ng'ombe

Chinthu chachikulu cha Holsteins ndi mitundu. Iye Zoyera ndi zoyera zazikulu.

Pali anthu a mtundu wakuda woyera, koma nthawi zonse pamakhala miyendo yaying'ono yoyera pamilingo ndi mchira.

Zosiyana:

• udder waukulu, wokhala ndi mphika wooneka ngati mbale;
• chifuwa chakuya 80-87 masentimitam'lifupi 65 cm;
• kumbuyo kwakukulu kwambiri;
• kutalika, mapewa opangidwa bwino;
• kubwereranso ku Masentimita 63;
• thupi ndi lalikulu, lopangidwa ndi mphete.

Mbali yaikulu ya mawonekedwe imalingaliridwa kwambiri ntchito yabwino ndi kukula kwa udder.

Zizindikiro

Golshtinsky - ng'ombe ya mkaka padziko lonse lapansi. Kuchuluka kwa mkaka ndi mafuta okhutira kumadalira mikhalidwe yosamalira ndi zakudya. Mwachitsanzo, mu Israeli kuchokera kwa munthu mmodzi akhoza kupeza pafupifupi matani 10 a mkaka pachakandi mafuta okhutira osaposa 3%. Mu America Zithunzi izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri: Matani 8 pachakakoma mafuta oposa 3.5%.

Kulemera kwa nyama yaikulu kumasiyana. kuchokera ku 600 (ng'ombe) kufika 1000 kg (ng'ombe). Ndi zakudya zabwino, zizindikirozi zikhoza kuwonjezeka kufika pa 900 ndi 1300 makilogalamu, motero. Kutalika kwa zoweta za ng'ombe ziri pafupi 145 masentimita, ndi ng'ombe - oposa 1.5 mamita.

Obadwa kumene Nkhumba zimakhala pafupifupi 35-45 makilogalamu. Ng'ombe za thupi zimakula ndi kulemera mwamsanga. Ndi chaka chomwe ali nacho kulemera ndi 250-300 makilogalamukuti kwa mtundu wa mkaka siwowoneka. Koma chakudya chawo cha nyama ndi chochepa, osapitirira 60%.

Chithunzi

Chithunzi "Golshtinskoy" ng'ombe zoweta:

Zakudya zabwino ndi chisamaliro

Ng'ombe za Holstein ndi zokondweretsa kwambiri ndipo zimafuna kudya zakudya ndi kukonza. Mkhalidwe wa ku Siberia, kumpoto kwa Russia, iwo sakhala ndi moyo. Iwo ali amafuna miyezo yapadera yaukhondo ndi zizindikiro za kutentha, amafunika kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ndi kuyeretsa malo, kusamba ndi malo abwino.

M'mapulasi, amakhala osasamala. Ngati izi sizikutsatiridwa, ziweto zimachepetsa chitetezo cha mthupi.. Angakhale ndi matenda opatsirana.

Ndikofunikira: Zosakonzedweratu pazinyumba zazing'ono.. Iwo salola kulephera ndi njira iliyonse yachipatala chifukwa cha kutengeka kwawo kwakukulu kokakamiza.

Kusiyana kulikonse kuchoka ku zinthu zomwe nthawi zonse zimachepetsa mkaka ndi mkaka wa nyama. Ng'ombe zimenezi amafunikira chakudya cholimba, choyenera komanso chosiyana.

M'nyengo yozizira Mu zakudya zawo ayenera kukhalapo chimanga, nyemba, chakudya chambiri, mavitamini ndi minerals, mbewu zozulidwa, silage, msipu wamtengo wapatali. M'chilimwe akufunika kupereka mphamvu udzu watsopano ndi chakudya.

Matenda

Ng'ombe za Holstein kusiyanitsa thanzi labwino. Iwo ndi amphamvu kwambiri, ndipo akhoza kungodwala ngati sakutsatira malamulo a kusamalira.

Ngati osasamala kwambiri za ukhondo ndi ukhondondiye nyama ikhoza kukhala ndi matenda opatsiranaMwachitsanzo, necrobacteriosis kapena leptospirosis.

Mankhwalawa amachitika pambuyo pa kafukufuku wamatenda, mwa jekeseni wamkati. maantibayotiki.

Ndikofunikira: Ndi zokhutira pazithunzi pali chiopsezo cha mastitis.

Mwatsoka Kukhalitsa kwa ng'ombe ndizochepa kwambiri. Monga lamulo, iwo samakhala osaposa 3 calvings.

Kuswana malamulo

Pakubereka mtunduwu, zilembo zapamwamba zimagwira ntchito yaikulu. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyenda ndi oimira mitundu ina, kuti awonjezere zokolola. Kusungunuka kwa mkaka kumapindulitsa kwambiri, koma kokha ngati kusungidwa bwino.

Nyama izi ndi maziko a kuswana m'mayiko ambiri. Ntchito yaikulu yobereketsa ndi kuwonjezera zizindikiro za mkaka osati kokhakomanso nyama. Kuonjezera zokolola kamodzi pachaka mumasowa insemination.

Pa kuswana ndi kulera Holsteins, nkofunika kuonetsetsa osati kokha zakudya zabwinokomanso kutsatira mosamala malamulo a zokhutira. Posankha ng'ombe, ziyenera kukumbukira kuti izi zenizeni mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Kuonjezera apo, kufuna ndalama zambiri kudyetsa ndi kusamalira. Zimachoka zokha Nkhosa ya Holstein yokha ngati ali ndi chisamaliro choyenera.