Pogwiritsa ntchito chitukuko cha sayansi ndi zamakono, njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira malo ndi zipangizo zowonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tina tawona zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ulimi ndi mafakitale. Imodzi mwa njira zotchuka za mtundu umenewu ndi fumigation. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana mwatsatanetsatane za izo, fotokozani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito za fumigation ndi kutchula ubwino uliwonse wa njirayi.
Ndi chiyani icho
Kuwombera ndi njira yochotsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi mpweya kapena mpweya woopsa. Zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mpweya kapena mpweya uwu zimatchedwa fumigants. Kuti apange maphalawa amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, zomwe zimatchedwa fumigators. 
Amakhala kuti
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuchiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuchotsa tizilombo m'malo ambiri ogulitsa mafakitale, m'minda, panthawi yokolola, kuti tipeze chitetezo cha nthawi yaitali, komanso chipinda chomwe chifunikira kutero.
Phunzirani momwe mungathamangire tizilombo monga tizilombo ta golide, maso, golide, whitefly, nsalu, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo ta tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ntchentche, njenjete, ntchentche, msuzi, kabichi.
Kukonzekera kumeneku kungathe kuchitika kumalo alionse ndi pansi pa zifukwa zilizonse, komabe, kumafunikira luso lina ndi chitetezo cha munthu amene amachita.
Chosavuta komanso chodziwikiratu - koma, tsoka, osati nthawizonse njira yabwino - ndi mankhwala a malo mothandizidwa ndi galasi yamagetsi (mwachitsanzo, "Dichlorvos") omwe ali ndi madzi osasinthasintha.
Pafupifupi zonse zomwe zimatumizira kunja ndi kutumiza mankhwala zimayikidwa ndondomekoyi, ndipo nthawi zina chakudya. 
Mukudziwa? Pakalipano, kugwiritsa ntchito dichlorvos kawirikawiri sikuletsedwa - kunalowetsedwa ndi zinthu zomwe zili zotetezeka kwa anthu, zomwe zimatchedwa pyrethroids. Komabe, mawu akuti "Dichlorvos" atchuka kwambiri moti nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito monga dzina la malonda, popanda kugwirizana ndi zomwe zilipo pachithunzichi.
Amene amachititsa
Kuti muchite izi, mungagwire gulu lapadera la akatswiri omwe adzachita zonse mwamtundu komanso mwachidule, komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kwa nthawi ndithu sizidzatheka kulowa m'chipinda chomwe chatsekedwa.
Simungathe kudya komanso kusakaniza zakudya.ndi kukhudzana ndi zipangizo zomwe mwasinthidwa mwamsanga mutatha njirayi.
Ngati muli ndi chitetezo chonse cha mankhwala, komanso zipangizo zofunika kuti mugwiritse ntchito, mungathe kuchita nokha. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kuti nkofunikira kuyang'anira bwino chitetezo cha munthu ndi kusamba m'manja ndi nkhope nthawi yomweyo mutatha kukwaniritsa. 
Ndondomeko
Ndondomeko yokha imasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi cholinga chiti, zomwe tizirombo ndi zipangizo zomwe ziyenera kukonzedwa.
Pofuna kuti tisiyanitse mosiyana mwachinthu chilichonse chophatikizapo, timafotokozera njira yopangira chipinda pogwiritsa ntchito fumigants yotchuka kwambiri, phosphine:
- Choyamba, m'pofunika kuchotsa pamalo onse zinthu zomwe zingathe kuwonongeka panthawiyi.
- Kenaka kapu yapadera imayikidwa mu chipinda, kutsekemera (ngati pali mwayi wotere), zomwe zingaletse kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito.
- The fumigant imayambitsidwa m'chipindacho, malingana ndi mayeso awo omwe anawerengedwa kale.
- Pambuyo pake, chipindacho chimasungidwa mu dziko losindikizidwa, popanda kuthamangitsidwa kwa mpweya, kwa masiku 3-7, malingana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiyenera kuonongeka panthawiyi.
- Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi nyengo (nyengo ya fumigant), yomwe, malinga ndi malamulo, iyenera kukhala masiku osachepera 2.
- Pamapeto pake, kuchuluka kwa degassing kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro, ndipo ngati pangakhale zotsatira zogwira mtima, chipinda chikhoza kubwezeretsedwanso.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kupewa tizilombo toyipa kuti tilowe m'zipinda zanu, nthawi zina zimangosintha mababu achikasu kupita ku LED ndi mtundu wofewa, zowala zoterezi zimakopa tizilombo tochepa.
Njira yosokoneza
Makampani amakono amapereka njira zosiyanasiyana za njirayi. Chodziwika kwambiri komanso chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyerekeza ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana (mtedza, tiyi, mbewu, etc.) ndi njira yapamwamba.
Zimaphatikizapo kufalikira, kutulutsa kapena kupaka fumigant m'mapiritsi kapena phulusa m'madera onse ochitidwa. Komabe, palinso njira zina zomwe tiyenera kuziganizira.
Kumveka
Pali mitundu iwiri ya njira iyi: yofuula komanso yozama. Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, zimasiyana kwambiri ndi mankhwala (nthawi zambiri zimakhudza mbewu) kuti fumigant ikhalepo. 
Kaŵirikaŵiri, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa njirayi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa ichi ndi chomwe chimatilola kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zowakhazikika komanso zokwanira.
Njira yopezera fodya ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wapadera (chingwe chokhala ndi chitsulo chachikulu chotsirizira) pamapeto pake, fumigant yamtengo wapatali imayambira mu mankhwala (omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka), omwe amakhudza kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. kuwonjezera moyo wa mankhwala.
Kawirikawiri, gawo limodzi la fumigant silikwanira chitetezo chokwanira ndi kupewa matenda mu chiwerengero chonse cha zinthu, choncho ndondomekoyi imabwerezedwa nthawi yochuluka.
Gassing kapena fumigation
Njira imeneyi ikufalikira chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwake. Ndi chithandizo chake, mukhoza kuthana ndi malo, minda, chakudya, zipangizo (kuphatikiza nkhuni) ndi zinthu zina zambiri. 
Chosavuta kwambiri cha njira iyi yogwiritsira ntchito ndi ngozi yaikulu kwa anthu poyerekeza ndi njira yapamwamba ndi njira yolingalira.
Fuigant imayikidwa muzipangizo zapadera, zomwe zimabweretsa kudziko lakutentha kapena lopsa, lomwe makamaka limadalira mtundu wa mankhwala omwe ali ndi chilengedwe mu zinthu zomwe zimasungidwa.
Kenaka, mpweya kapena mpweya umagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ku malo omwe amafunidwa kapena zipangizo, pambuyo pake zimasiyidwa kwa nthawi inayake muzomwe zimasindikizidwa.
Ndikofunikira! Chofunika kwambiri musanagwiritse ntchito chipinda china chilichonse kapena chophatikizapo fumigant ndizokwanira kwake.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Malinga ndi khemistri, fodya ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, chomwe chimakhala chachikulu osati cha poizoni kapena pang'ono poizoni kwa nyama zamagazi, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo amasonyeza tizilombo toopsa.
Tsopano m'madera a Soviet boma, awiri fumigants amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito - phosphine ndi methyl bromidi.
Phosphine
Mbali yamtengo wapatali ya mpweya umenewu imatchedwa kununkhiza, kukumbukira kununkhira kwa nsomba yovunda. Zilibe mtundu uliwonse, zimakhala zosasunthika bwino m'madzi ndipo sizikuchitapo kanthu, zomwe zimapanga mpweya woyenera kuti azisamalira zipinda zomwe zimakhala zowonjezereka (mwachitsanzo, zipinda zozizira).
Ndi poizoni kwambiri kwa dongosolo la mitsempha la mitsempha, ndipo pazikulu zapamwamba zingasokonezenso ubongo wa zamoyo zotentha. 
Tsopano fumigant imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pofuna kukonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana, malo akuluakulu osungiramo katundu (zonse zopanda kanthu ndi katundu mkati), komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tirigu ndi zakudya zina.
Monga lamulo, kukonzekera kutseka kuli ndi magnesium phosphides ("Magtoxin", "Magnicx") kapena aluminium ("Fotoxin", "Alphos", "Dacfossal") mu capsules, granules kapena mapiritsi. Pogonjetsedwa ndi mpweya wa mlengalenga, mankhwala amayamba mwa iwo, chifukwa cha mpweya wa phosphine umatulutsidwa.
Methyl bromidi
Mtundu uwu wopanda fungo lodziwika bwino umasungunuka bwino kwambiri m'madzi pa kutentha kwa 17 ° C. Mankhwalawa ndi owopsa kwambiri kwa dongosolo la mitsempha la zamoyo zilizonse, ndipo amatha kutsogolera mwamsanga ku ziwalo za tizilombo tonse ndi tizilombo towotha ngati atulutsa mchere kwambiri (kuposa 1 mg / m3).
Izi fumigant zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza mbewu zosiyanasiyana (mtedza, zipatso zowuma, mbewu, etc.), komanso kugwiritsira ntchito zovala zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito popeweratu zochitika zosiyanasiyana za bakiteriya ndi insectoid m'malo osungirako. 
Mankhwalawa amagawidwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi m'mitsuko ya hermetic ("Metabrom-RFO").
Ndikofunikira! Ngakhale kuti fumigation ntchito sichifuna ziyeneretso zapadera ndipo aliyense angathe kuchita izi, ndi bwino kufunafuna thandizo kwa akatswiri. Ndiwo okha omwe angakhoze kuchita chirichonse chapamwamba kwambiri, mwamsanga ndi mosamala.
Mitundu ya mankhwala ophera
Kawirikawiri, kukonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito fungo sikunali kosiyana kwambiri. Komabe, pali zake zokha, zosiyana kwenikweni.
Mbewu
Monga tanenera kale, njere imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza kwafupipafupi komanso kozama. Pachifukwa ichi, kafukufukuyo ali ndi mapiritsi kapena granules a mankhwala amaloledwa pambali yofunikira malinga ndi ndondomekoyo ndipo amawasiya pamenepo, kutulutsa kafukufukuyo kuti aike chidutswa chotsatira cha fumigant pamtunda wowerengeka. 
Za malo
Nthaŵi zambiri malo amachiritsidwa ndi aeration - njirayi imalola kuti zithetsere zokwanira komanso zosatha, pomwe mtengo wa njirayi udzakhala wocheperapo kusiyana ndi njira yowonongeka.
Chofunika kwambiri kuti chithandizo choyenera cha malo ndichisindikizo ndicho kusindikiza kusanayambe magetsi. Onetsetsani kuti kumbukiraninso kufunikira kwa degassing, yomwe yapangidwa kuti ipulumutse thanzi lanu.
Nthaka
Nthaŵi zambiri fodya umagwiritsa ntchito njira yapamwamba. Mankhwalawa amabalalika pamtunda wina ndi mzake mwa ma kapsules, mapiritsi kapena granules.
Mtundu woterewu ukhoza kuonjezera kwambiri zokolola za mabedi anu, pomwe simukuchita chilichonse chovulaza zomera, chifukwa zambiri zowopsa si phytotoxic. 
Wood
Mtengo wapatali wa nkhuni ndi wakuti ukhoza kuchitidwa mwa njirayi mwa njira iliyonse yoyenera kwa mwiniwake - izo zimadalira kumene kuli nthawi ya kukonza.
Ngati nkhuni ili mkati, ndi bwino kuti muzichita gassing, ndipo ngati kunja kapena pamsewu wodutsa, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira.
Tara
Tara amachiritsidwa bwino ndi aeration kuchokera mkati. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, utsi wochulukirapo utayikidwa mkati mwake (umayesedwa kuchokera kumtundu woyambirira wa chidebe ndi ntchito ya chinthu china), chidebecho chiyenera kukhala cholimba ndi chotseka.
Kugwiritsiranso ntchito chidebe pambuyo pofufuta n'kotheka kokha mutatha kusamala kwambiri. 
Nthawi zambiri ntchito
Sizingatheke kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yosatha ya njirayi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri imachitika malinga ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka, zomwe zimasiyana m'mabungwe osiyanasiyana komanso malo osungira katundu.
Nthawi zina fodya imatchulidwa chifukwa chakuti thupi lapadera la mthupi limasonyeza kuti pali kuphwanya ngati mawonekedwe a matenda ena kapena tizilombo mu chipinda kapena chipangizo.
Kawirikawiri, chifukwa cha matenda a pooperative, popanda zizindikiro "zovuta" zogwiritsidwa ntchito - ziwonetsero zooneka bwino za maonekedwe a tizilombo kapena matenda - komanso popanda kusonyeza zizindikiro kuchokera kwa oyang'anira boma, njirayi ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ichitike mobwerezabwereza kuposa kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. 
Ubwino
Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa munthu amene akukhudzidwayo kukhala wotetezeka ndi kusungidwa kwabwino komanso kutengera mtundu wake wonse, kuteteza zochitika za matenda osiyanasiyana zomwe zingawononge kuwonongeka kwa katunduyo, komanso kupezeka kwazinthu zomwe zingatheke kuchokera ku mautumiki a boma akuyang'anira njirazi.
Ponena za chithandizo cha malo - njirayi ikukuthandizani kuthetseratu tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe zingakupulumutseni ndi antchito omwe angagwire ntchito, thanzi, komanso ngakhale moyo.
Tsono, tikuyembekeza kuti nkhaniyi ikuyankha mafunso anu okhudza njira ngati fumigation. Pemphani kuti muyambe kukambirana zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala anu - ndipo ogula adzakuyamikirani.
