Nightshade - shrub yobiriwira, ndi ya banja la nightshade. Achibale ake apamtima ndi mbatata ndi tomato. Nightshade ikufalikira m'madera otentha ndi madera otentha a kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa Asia.
Nightshade, mu Latin Solanum pseudocapsicum, kuyambira ku Madeira Island. Olima amalima akutchedwa chomera cha chitumbuwa cha Yerusalemu, Chitsamba cha Coral ndi Mtengo wa Chikondi. Zipatso zili ndi alkaloid solanine - poizoni. Choncho, chomera chiyenera kuchotsedwa kuchoka kwa ana aang'ono ndi nyama.
Ngakhale kuti ndi poizoni zomwe zili mumunda, pachilumba cha Madeira muli nthano. Ngati okwatirana, akukhumba kukhala ndi ana, adye mabulosi amodzi, ndiye posachedwa adzakhala ndi mwana.
Kulongosola kwachidule
Chitsamba chimakula pafupifupi 50 cm wamtali. Pa nthambi zambiri zamtundu ndi masamba a mdima wobiriwira. Maonekedwe a leaf - oval kapena lanceolate, pang'ono wavy. Masambawa amafika masentimita 10 m'litali, 1-2 masentimita m'lifupi.
Maluwa aang'ono oyera, pafupifupi 1 masentimita awiri, nyenyezi zofanana. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala pafupifupi chaka chonse. Inflorescences ndi osakwatiwa.
M'malo mwa maluwa, zipatso zazing'ono zimawoneka, pafupifupi masentimita atatu m'mimba mwake Poyamba amakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Kenaka, pokonzekera kusasitsa, sungani ku lalanje ndi wofiira wofiira. Mu maonekedwe, chipatso cha nightshade chimafanana ndi chitumbuwa. Nchifukwa chake Yerusalemu ankatchedwa "Cherry".
Pa chomera chomwecho, maluwawo amamasula panthawi imodzimodzi ndi zipatso zipse. Panthawiyi nambala yambiri imabereka. Mavitaminiwa amamva zokwawa komanso ali ndi poizoni. Ngati icho chilowa mmimba, chimayambitsa poizoni.
Chithunzi
Mutha kuona bwinobwino ndi mpendadzuwa pa chithunzi:
Kusamalira kwanu
Nightshade safuna chisamaliro chapadera, ndi kudzichepetsa.
Chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake, ankakonda kwambiri wamaluwa. Zimakopa chidwi ndi masamba ofunika, maluwa osakhwima ndi zipatso zabwino.
Kusamala mutagula
Yerusalemu yamatcheri, pambuyo poti chigulitsidwecho chiyenera kupereka malo abwino. Apo ayi, muvuto, akhoza kutaya masamba.
Malo ogwiritsira ntchito ayenera kukhala bwino, koma popanda dzuwa lachindunji. Chomeracho chimaperekedwanso zambiri kuthirira.
Zitha kutenga masiku 7 mpaka 10 kuti zisinthe malo atsopano. Kenaka mukhoza kuziyika mu mphika watsopano. Kawirikawiri, nthaka mu miphika yosungiramo sitolo, siyeneranso kukula kwamuyaya, kotero iyenera kukhala m'malo mwake.
Kudulira
Chaka chilichonse kumayambiriro kwa kasupe amafunika kuchepetsedwa kufika 1/3 m'litali. Ndondomekoyi imachitika mutatha. M'dzinja, kukupiza pamwamba pa mphukira kwachitidwa - izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphukira yotsatira.
Kuthirira
Nightshade m'mwezi wa chilimwe ndi chilimwe amafunika kuthirira madzi ambiri. M'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira kuthirira ndizoyendera.
Nthawi yozizira, kuthirira sikuyenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pa sabata. Dziko lapansi lisakanike.
Coral chitsamba amakonda kwambiri chinyezi. Choncho, chaka chonse m'pofunikira kutsitsira ndi kuteteza madzi.
Kuti muwonjezere chinyezi cha mlengalenga, ndizotheka kuyika chophika chomera pamphepete mwa miyala yowonongeka. Pansi kutentha kwa maluwa ndi fruiting yatha.
Tikufika
Pakuti kubzala nthaka yokonzeka kungagulidwe pasadakhale kapena kudzipanga nokha.
Kuchita izi mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 1: 1 chimasakanizidwa:
- nthaka ya dothi
- tsamba la masamba
- peat,
- mchenga
Mutabzala, chomeracho chimayikidwa m'chipinda chofunda ndipo chimaperekedwa ndi madzi okwanira nthawi zonse.
Kuwaza
Masika onse, atatha kudulira, nthaka yatsopano imayika. Kuyambira pa nthawi ya maluwa ndi kucha, chomera chimatulutsa zinthu zonse zothandiza m'nthaka, ziyenera kudyetsedwa pambuyo pa nthawi yopumula.
Pansi pa mphika ndithudi Mtsinje umatsanulidwa, osachepera 3 masentimita. Monga ngalande, udongo ndi njerwa zofiira zatsimikizira kuti ndi zabwino.
Masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi atatu (10-14) mutatha kuthirira, fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito manyowa tomato. Mlingowo uyenera kusungidwa malinga ndi malangizo omwe akupezekapo Panthawi yonse ya maluwa, zovala zapamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka masiku khumi ndi limodzi mphambu zisanu ndi limodzi (20).
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Kuyamera kwa mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dothi, zomwe zimatsanulira masentimita 10 mu bokosi la mbeu.
Mbewu imatambasula pamwamba pamtunda wa masentimita 2-3. Pamwamba, mchenga wa 1-1.5 masentimita umawaza pamwamba.
Bokosi la mmera liri ndi filimu ndipo imayikidwa kutentha chipinda chokhala ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 21-23.
Nthaŵi zambiri, filimuyi iyenera kukwezedwa ndi kupopera pamwamba ndi botolo la kutsitsi. M'masiku 10-14, mphukira zidzawoneka. Pambuyo pooneka mapepala awiri mpaka 4 mpaka kufika pamiphika osiyana.
Kuswana
Pambuyo kudulira mitengo ya masika, mungasankhe zitsulo zamphamvu kwambiri ndikuzizuzitsa. Kuti achite izi, amaikidwa mu chidebe ndi madzi. Mukhoza kudula mwamsanga poto ndi nthaka yokonzedweratu ndi kuthira nthaka bwino.
Samalani! Kuchokera pamwamba pa phesi likutsekedwa ndi mtsuko wa galasi. Icho chidzapanga microclimate mkati, ndipo ndondomeko ya rooting ifulumira.
Kutentha
M'miyezi ya chilimwe ndi chilimwe kutentha kumafunika 19-25 madigiri. M'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kuchepetsa kutentha mu chipinda mpaka madigiri 12-15.
M'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndi bwino kutulutsa miphika ndi duwa pa khonde kapena kumunda. Muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti sizimagwera dzuwa. Komanso Nightshade amasunga kuchokera kuzithunzi.
Kuunikira
Mosasamala nyengo, Nightshade amafunikira kuyatsa bwino. Zokwanira makonzedwe a maluwa - mawindo omwe amayang'ana kummawa ndi kumadzulo. Kuika mphika pawindo lakumwera simungaiwale za shading.
Pindulani ndi kuvulaza
Chenjerani! Zipatso ziribe mlandu.
Mitengo yonyenga ya nightshade ili ndi alkaloid solaninezomwe pamene zowonjezera zimayambitsa poizoni.
Ngakhale kuti pali zinthu zowopsa, mchere wa nightshade m'mayiko a South Africa ndi India umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira zilonda, kugona ndi kuthetsa ululu.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kuchuluka kapena kusowa kwa chinyezi kumakhudza chomera. Masamba amauma, maluwa amatha. Kupitanso patsogolo kuli kotheka. mizu zowola. Kubwezeretsa ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse kumathandiza kuthetsa vutoli.
Kuchokera ku tizilombo tikhoza kuukira whiteflies. Ili pamunsi mwa tsamba ndikuyamwa selo; mawanga achikasu amapangidwa pa masamba. Pambuyo pake masambawo amasinthasintha, amasanduka chikasu n'kugwa.
Chinyama china ndi kangaude. Zitha kuoneka kuchokera ku kabulu kakang'ono kamene kali pakati pa masamba. Mite samakhudza masamba okha, komanso mphukira zazing'ono.
Kuletsa tizirombo tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda molingana ndi malangizo. Pambuyo masiku 10 mpaka 14 m'pofunikira kubwezeretsanso mbeu.
Shrub yaing'ono yokhala ndi masamba obiriwira ndi ofiira owala adzakhala okongola kwambiri a nyumbayo. Koma musaiwale kuti zipatso zabwino za birchwood, zomwe ziri zofanana ndi yamatcheri, zimayambitsa poizoni. Choncho samalirani ana ndi zinyama ndikusangalala ndi kukongola kwake!
