Ledum ndi chitsamba chobiriwira kuchokera kubanja la Heather. Dzina la asayansi - ledum (ledum) - limabweretsa kufupi ndi zofukiza, chifukwa masamba owala amapezekanso fungo lamphamvu lamtengo. Liwu loti "Ledum" kuchokera ku chilankhulo chakale cha ku Russia limamasuliridwa kuti stupefing, sumu, chakumwa. Nthawi zina chomera chimatchedwa oregano, hemlock, bagul, ndi theology. Malo omwe amakhala ndi ochulukirapo. Zimakhudza Northern Hemisphere, makamaka kotentha kotentha. Ledum nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, komanso amatha kukongoletsa dimba.
Maonekedwe a mbewu
Ledum ndi shrub yamuyaya kapena shrub yotalika masentimita 50-120. Imathandizidwa ndi nthangala yophukira patali ndi njira zazifupi. Zomera zosasunthika sizimasiyana mainchesi akulu. Zitha kukhala zowongoka, kukwera kapena zokwawa. Mphukira zazing'ono zamtundu wa azitona wobiriwira zimakutidwa ndi dzimbiri, koma m'kupita kwanthawi zimakutidwa ndi khungwa lakuda.
Zithunzi zazifupi zokhala ndi chikopa zimapitirira chaka chonse. Imakhala ndi mawonekedwe amkono kapena lanceolate okhala ndi pulayimale yapakati komanso m'mphepete mwake amakana. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wobiriwira wakuda. Kuwala kowala, kumakhala bulauni. Masamba a chikopa akukulanso. Kuchokera pakukwapula, kununkhira kowopsa kochokera.
M'mwezi wa Epulo-Juni, maambulera owoneka bwino amatulutsa maluwa ndikuphukira kwa chaka chatha. Duwa lirilonse limakhala ndi chofupikitsa. Ma petals oyera ozungulira amapanga kapu yooneka ngati belu. Chiwerengero cha maluwa onse ndi angapo 5. Ledum imavomerezedwa ndi tizilombo, pambuyo pake mabokosi ambewu owuma omwe ali ndi magawo asanu akucha. Mbeu zazing'onoting'ono zazing'ono zimazungulira.
Yang'anani! Magawo onse a Ledum ndi poyizoni! Mukatha kulumikizana ndi mbewu, onetsetsani kuti mwasamba m'manja. Ngakhale kukhala pafupi ndi nkhwangwa komanso kupuma fungo, mutha kumva kuti mukumva kuzizika komanso kufooka. Ngakhale Ledum ndi chomera chabwino cha uchi, mungu ndi uchi wake ndi woopsa. Mutha kuyesa malonda pokhapokha ngati mumatentha nthawi yayitali komanso pocheperako.
Mitundu ya Ledum
Mitundu ya leadum imakhala ndi mitundu 6 yokha yazomera. Mwa awa, anayi amakula ku Russia.
Ledum ndi chithaphwi. Woimira wamba wamtundu wotchuka, wotentha nyengo. Ndi chitsamba chowirira mpaka mamita 1.2. Mphukira zophukira zimakutidwa ndi mulu wosakhalitsa. Masamba obiriwira obiriwira amatulutsa fungo labwino. Chakumapeto kwa masika, ma ambulera wandiweyani kapena zikopa zimatulutsa maluwa oyera oyera kapena oyera.
Rosemary wobiriwira. Zoyambira zosakhazikika zimakula mpaka 90cm. Ali ndi mtundu wonyezimira. Pa mphukira pafupi wina ndi mzake, monga singano zowoneka zobiriwira zobiriwira, masamba opendekera ozungulira amapezeka. Mbali yokhotakhota masamba opindika pali mulu. Mukamasintha maluwa, ma ambulera ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 6 cm) amatulutsa mitundu yoyera kapena ya kirimu. Mitunduyi imalekerera ngakhale kwambiri chisanu.
Ledum ndi yayikulu-yoyenda. Wokhalira ku Far East, Japan ndi Korea amakula masentimita 40-80. Imakhazikika pamiyala yamiyala ndi malo otsetsereka a mapiri. Masamba ozungulira ndi 3-4cm kutalika ndi 8-15 mm mulifupi. Pa njira zachichepere ndi kumbuyo kwa masamba pali mulu wofiyira.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, rhododendron inali yofanana ndi leadum. Mpaka pano, ena olima zipatso akuti Transbaikal Ledum Ku mtundu uwu, komabe, kwenikweni, ndi wachibale wakutali ndipo ali ndi dzina lasayansi "Rhododendron daursky". Chomera chimayimiranso chitsamba chotalika kwambiri 50-200 cm. Nthambi zimakutidwa ndi masamba owonda amtundu wakuda bii. Koma maluwa ali ndi pinki wowoneka bwino. Nthawi zambiri, "rosemary" iyi imatha kuwoneka mu bokosi lopangira maluwa.
Njira zolerera
Ledum yoyesedwa bwino ndi mbewu ndi njira zaudzu. Mwachilengedwe, mbewu zatsopano nthawi zambiri zimawonekera kuchokera ku mbewu. Amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumabokosi ang'onoang'ono omwe akukhwima, omwe amadziyambitsa okha kuchokera pansi mpaka pamwamba. Kuchokera kutali, ziphuphu zimafanana ndi zingwe zazing'ono zazing'ono. Mbewu zimakolola m'dzinja, koma zimangofesedwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Kuti muchite izi, konzani muli ndi dothi lotayirira losakaniza ndi mchenga. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda chofewa komanso yonyowa. Mbewu zimagawidwa pansi ndikumakanikizidwa pang'ono m'nthaka. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi zinthu zowonekera ndikuyika malo abwino. Nthawi ndi nthawi, nyumba yobiriwirayo imayatsidwa ndi madzi. Kuwombera kumawonekera patatha masiku 25-30. Mbeu zachikale zimabzalidwa mumiphika kapena peyala ina ndi mtunda wawutali kuti mizu yake isakokoloke.
Minda ya m'munda imafalitsidwa mosavuta ndi masanjidwe. Kuti muchite izi, nthambi zosinthika zimayikidwa m'nthaka ndikukhazikitsidwa mu dzenje lakuya masentimita 20. Pamwambapa muyenera kusiyidwa pamtunda. Pambuyo pozika mizu, mphukira imasiyanitsidwa.
Chitsamba chachikulu nthawi yamasika ikamasulidwa chimatha kugawidwa m'magawo angapo. Pachifukwa ichi, chomeracho chimakumbidwa kwathunthu, chimasulidwa pansi ndikugawikana. Malo omwe mabala amathandizidwa ndi makala osweka. Mizu yake sauma ndipo nthawi yomweyo imazindikira mbandezo pamalo okhazikika.
Zodulidwa, mphukira zokhala ndi masamba angapo ndi masamba 2-3 zimadulidwa nthawi yotentha. Gawo lotsikirako limathandizidwa ndi zokupatsani mphamvu ndi mizu muzu mumiphika yokhala ndi dothi lotayirira komanso lopatsa thanzi. Masamba omwe ali pafupi ndi dothi amawadula kwathunthu kapena kufupikitsa tsamba. Kuchepetsa mizu ndi kusintha nthawi yayitali kumatenga nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti mbande zimasunthidwa kuti zikhale malo abwino okha kasupe.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Ledum ndi yamera mosazindikira, motero eni sayambitsa mavuto ambiri. Kubzala kumachitika bwino kwambiri mchaka, ngakhale kuti izi sizofunikira kuti mbewu zomwe zili ndi nthangala zotsekedwa. Popeza mizu yake ili pafupi ndi dziko lapansi, amakumba dzenje lakufika 40-60 cm. Mchenga wamchenga kapena miyala yayitali masentimita 5-8 imathiridwa pansi.Dothi lenilenilo liyenera kukhala lamphamvu acid komanso lotayirira. Ndikofunika kubzala tchire pa dothi lonyowa ndikuphatikiza ndi singano. Ngati mbewu zingapo zibzalidwe nthawi imodzi, mtunda pakati pawo ndi 60-70 cm. Mukamaliza kugwira ntchito zonse, nthaka imapangidwa ndikuthirira madzi ambiri. Kenako pansi pafupi ndi tchire ladzadza ndi peat.
Mu chilengedwe, rosemary imamera pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, kotero kuthirira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Kuthirira sikofunikira kokha ayi ndimvula yamvula yambiri. Kuunikira kwa zomera sikofunikira kwambiri. Amamvanso bwino m'malo owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino. Ngakhale ndi shading yamphamvu, rosemary sadzafa, koma imatha kuwoneka ngati yokongoletsa komanso yophulika nthawi zambiri.
Nthawi ndi nthawi, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa ndikufafaniza namsongole. Komabe, musaiwale kuti mizu ili pafupi ndi pamwamba, chifukwa chake samalani. Kangapo pamnyengo (kasupe ndi chilimwe), Ledum imaphatikizidwa ndi ma mineral complexes. Mu March ndi Okutobala, kudulira kumachitika. Mphukira zomwe zimadulidwa mwanjira inayake zimafupikitsidwa, ndipo nthambi zowuma ndi zowonongeka zimachotsedwa.
Maluwa sakhala oyipa kwa Ledum. Zimalekerera ngakhale chisanu kwambiri, koma posakhalako chipale chofewa, kukula kwachichepere kumatha kuwundana mpaka kutalika kwa chivundikiro. Pakatikati, ndikwanira kuchotsa nthambi zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndipo kukula kwawo msanga kumatenga malo.
Ledum imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda azomera. Madzi osefukira padziko lapansi samuwopseza, koma kumangomasuka nthawi zonse. Popanda mpweya, bowa ukhoza kukhalabe. Nthawi zambiri nsikidzi ndi akangaude akakhala pa mphukira. Ndiosavuta kuwachotsa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Nthawi zambiri mmera womwewo umachotsa tizilombo tokwiyitsa, kuphatikiza ndi anansi okhala pabedi lamaluwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito dimba
Korona wandiweyani wokhala ndi masamba obiriwira odera obiriwira komanso pubescence wowoneka bwino kwambiri m'mundamo. Ledum ndi yoyenera kutulutsa dothi lonyowa, magombe amadzi ndi mitsinje, miyala yamiyala, komanso malo pansi pamitengo. Zomera zimawoneka bwino kwambiri m'minda yamagulu. Nthawi zambiri matepi oyimitsa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mabatani kapena kugawa malowo. Ledum imatha kupangidwa ndi Heather, cranberries, blueberries, rhododendron, gaulteria, stachis ndi mbewu monga chimanga.
Zothandiza katundu
Masamba ndi maluwa a Ledum ali ndi zinthu zambiri zokhudzana ndi chilengedwe zomwe zimadziwika osati wowerengeka, komanso ndi mankhwala. Zina mwa izo ndi:
- mafuta ofunikira;
- njira;
- flavonoids;
- ascorbic acid;
- chingamu;
- kupanga kosasunthika.
Kuyambira kale, decoction yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito ngati antiseptic komanso antibacterial. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunja, kuwonjezera ku malo osambira kapena ma compress, komanso kumwa ndikuthana ndi chifuwa, SARS ndi matumbo.
Tiyi ndi kuwonjezera kwa masamba a rosemary amachepetsa ndipo amalimbana ndi kusowa tulo. Mtengowo umalimbana ndi matenda monga chibayo, kutsekula chifuwa, matenda a chiwindi, matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, gastritis, chikanga, zilonda, nthomba, cholecystitis. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amakhalanso ndi thanzi la amayi. Amalimbitsa minofu ndikulimbana ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Komanso, m'maiko osiyanasiyana, "akatswiri" a Ledum amatha kusiyana.
Ali ndi mbewu komanso ntchito zapakhomo. Kununkhira kwa masamba kumaphwetsera tizilombo tomwe timayamwa magazi ndi njenjete.
Ledum imaphatikizidwa chifukwa cha anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa ndipo amayang'anira mbali za mbewu. Popeza imakulitsa kamvekedwe ka chiberekero, chithandizo sichovomerezeka kwa amayi apakati. Ndipo, ndithudi, mankhwalawa sangathe kupitirira, choncho chithandizo chimachitika kwambiri moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.
Zizindikiro ndi zikhulupiriro
Udzu wa Ledum wakuphika mu nthano zambiri, zamatsenga zimavomerezedwanso, ambiri amakayikira ngati ndizoyenera kusunga m'nyumba. Ngakhale ena amakhala ndi chidwi ndi rosemary yamtchire, imathandiza kwambiri, imalepheretsa kufalikira kwa kachilombo ka mlengalenga ndikuchiritsa thupi. Zachidziwikire, ngati mungasiye nthambi zambiri zamaluwa m'chipinda chocheperako, nyumbayo imakhala ndi mutu. Chifukwa chake kupezeka kuti rosemary kumawonjezera mantha, kusakwiya komanso kumabweretsa mavuto. Koma kuphukira pang'ono sikungavulaze kwambiri. M'malo mwake, adzayeretsa mphamvu zopanda pake ndikuzaza chipindacho ndi fungo labwino.
