Mudziko muli mitundu yoposa 300 ndi mitundu ya hibiscus. Chomera ichi chinabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Asia. Pali mitundu iwiri ya iyo: mtengo ndi udzu.
Mtengo wa hibiscus ndi wotentha kwambiri, ndipo m'matope athu timangowonjezereka ngati chomera. Odziwika kwambiri ndi okondedwa ndi ambiri amalima olima hibiscus ali udzu wa hibiscus kapena wosakanizidwa.
Makhalidwe ndi kufotokoza za hibiscus zakuda
Grass hibiscus - Ichi ndi chomera chosasunthika chomera chachitsamba cha banja la Malvine. Kusiyana mu mkulu chisanu kukana, ndi wokongola kwambiri maluwa aakulu. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito podutsa mitundu yambiri ya ku America, yomwe adalandira dzina lachiwiri - ma hybridus.
Mizu ya mizu Hibiscus ndi wandiweyani, bwino kwambiri. Ali pa kuya kwa masentimita 20 mpaka 40, choncho amalekerera chilala bwino ndipo sachita mantha ndi chisanu. Komabe, sikuli koyenera kubzala nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi chomera, kuti asawononge mizu.
Masamba lalikulu, lalikulu, lakuda kapena lobiriwira. Maonekedwe awo amadalira mtundu wa zomera, ndipo akhoza kukhala ovunda kapena kuzungulira, ndi nsonga yachitsulo.
Maluwa Herbaceous hibiscus ndi yaikulu kwambiri, nthawizina imatha kufika 30-40 masentimita awiri. Mtundu ndi chiwerengero cha zipilala zingakhale zosiyana. Pali mitundu yambiri yomwe mungasankhe mitundu: Kuchokera ku white kapena kirimu kupita ku pinki yofiira kapena khungu lakuda.
Mapiritsi zingapo, zimatalika komanso zamphamvu, zimatha kufika mamita 3-3.5m. Mphukira ndi mphukira zimakhala zobiriwira, zobiriwira komanso zosalala, zobiriwira ndi zobiriwira. Mafilimu samalolachoncho m'nyengo yozizira amatha kuchotsedwa.
Kukula msipu wa hibiscus
Kubzala ndi kusamalira chifukwa hibiscus yobiriwira sizimafuna khama. Iye wodzichepetsa, ndipo amakula bwino mulimonse. Kuti chomeracho chisangalale ndi maluwa ake aatali komanso okongola, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena.
Young Mitengo obzalidwa kumapeto kwa May kapena oyambirira June. Malo kumalo ayenera kukhala abwino kuwala ndi kwakukulu. Chomera chimodzi chimafunikira osachepera 2-3 mamita opanda malo.
Ground pakuti hibiscus yobiriwira imagwirizana ndi aliyense. Koma kuti chomera chikhale cholimba ndi champhamvu, ndi bwino kuwonjezera pa nthaka humus, peat ndi mchenga wina. Musaiwale za madzi abwino. Pansi pa dzenje lokonzekera mukhoza kuika khungwa kakang'ono ndi nkhuni. Onetsetsani kuti muwonjezere pansi kachilombo kakang'ono ka thotho kapena pine singano, kuti muchepetse acidity ya nthaka. Nthaka yokonzedwa bwino imakhetsedwa ndi madzi ndikuyika mmera.
Kuwaza Hibiscus ingapangidwe mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Mbewu zazing'ono zimaikidwa chaka chilichonse, komanso akuluakulu - zaka zitatu zilizonse. Ndikofunika kuchita njirayi musanafike pazitsamba zachitsulo chokhala ndi masentimita 10.
Kuthirira hibiscus amafunikirazokoma komanso zachizolowezimakamaka m'chilimwe. Kuchepetsa izo pokhapokha maluwa atatha.
Musalole kutaya madzi pafupi ndi chomera, nthaka yonyozeka. Pambuyo pa kuthirira madzi, dzikolo liyenera kumasulidwa mosamala. Madzi ayenera kukhazikika bwino osati okongoletsedwa.
Kutentha kwa mpweya zofunikira kwambiri.
Kupaka pamwamba. M'chakachi mukhoza kudyetsa hibiscus ndi feteleza organic ndi potash-phosphate. Mu nthawi yonseyi azitrogeni zokhazokha zimapangidwa mwezi uliwonse.
MaseĊµera a kuwala. Hibiscus ndi chomera chachikondi. Koma m'masiku oyambirira mutabzala ndikofunika kuti mumthunziwo, pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Kutentha kwa kutentha. Hibiscus ndi thermophilic, ngakhale ikhoza kulekerera kwambiri frosts. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula ndi 20-25C. Mbewu zazing'ono kumayambiriro a masika, ndi zofunika kuphimba filimuyi kuchokera ku chisanu.
Lifespan. Grassy hibiscus ndi chomera chosatha. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera chitha kukula kwa nthawi yayitali. Mbali ya kumtunda kwa chomera imafa chaka chilichonse. Mizu yokha ndiyosungidwa.
Maluwa wokongola kwambiri komanso wokhalitsa. Zimayamba kumapeto kwa July ndipo zimatha mpaka m'mawa. Duwa lirilonse "limakhala" tsiku limodzi, koma tsiku lotsatira liwoneka latsopano. Amapereka maluwa mosalekeza.
Mbewu. Mphukira ya hibiscus imafunika kutsinja. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zonse zimadulidwa pazu.
Kuswana
Kufala kwa hibiscus msipu kungatheke Kugawidwa kwa rhizome, cuttings ndi mbewu.
Kukula msipu hibiscus kuchokera ku mbewu. Bzalani mbewu zosavuta. Poyambirira, amawaza ndi peat, wothira pang'ono, atakulungidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyika mufiriji masiku 25-30. Mbeu yokonzekera ingabzalidwe mwachindunji pansi, kumapeto kwa May. Koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira yobzala mbewu.
Mu January-February, nyembazo zimabzalidwa muzitsulo zazikulu, zopanda kanthu zodzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga. Amathiridwa mopepuka ndi madzi, ataphimbidwa ndi galasi ndikuikidwa pamalo otalala. Kutentha mu chipinda chiyenera kukhala osachepera + 25-28C. Iyo imamera masamba awiri, iwo amakhala pansi miphika. Mu May, mbande zimabzalidwa pamalo osatha m'munda. Mbande zoterozo zidzakula pachimake kwa zaka 2-3.
Pamaso pa wintering udzu wambiri wa hibiscus umadulidwa pansi, madzi ndi madzi owazidwa ndi nthaka, utuchi ndi masamba owuma.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Hibiscus nthawi zambiri amavutika kangaude, aphid ndi whitefly. Kusamalira kosayenera kungabweretse chlorosis.
Njira zovuta
Chlorosis imayambitsa kusowa kwachitsulo ndi mankhwala owonjezera a klorini m'madzi kuti ulimi wothirira. Imafotokozedwa mu chikasu ndi tsamba kugwa.
Kulimbana ndi matendawa kumathandiza kuwombera.
Pamene whitefly ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zikuwoneka pa chomera, zidzakuthandizani tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (Aktara, Intavir, Kinmiks).
Ngati mubzala lavender kapena marigold pafupi ndi hibiscus, aphid sichidzawonekera.
Zabwino amawononga nsabwe za m'masamba ndi kusamalira adyo kapena madzi a sopo. Against whitefly angagwiritsidwe ntchito gulu misampha ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kulowetsedwa kwa dandelion. Nkhumba zimatopa sopo ndikukonzekera mankhwala (Actofit, Vermitek).
Kukula msipu wa hibiscus m'munda wanu n'kosavuta. Popanda kusamalira, chomeracho chidzakhala chonde posangalatsa diso ndi maluwa osakumbukira.
Chithunzi
Onani zithunzi zambiri za Hibiscus herbaceous patsogolo:
