Kukula mitengo ya apulo m'dzikoli ndi kovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe zingayesere poyamba. Pofuna kubzala nthawi zonse, nkofunika kusamalira mitengo ya zipatso, kudziwa matenda akuluakulu a mitengo ya apulo ndi mankhwala. Ndi za matenda a mitengo ya apulo, masamba awo ndi njira zamankhwala zidzakambidwenso m'nkhaniyi.
Mukudziwa? Mitengo ya Apple ndi ya mitundu yambiri ya mitengo ndi zitsamba za Pink. Mwinamwake, malo obadwira a mtengo - Central Asia, koma kuthengo amapezeka pafupifupi ku Ulaya konse. Pali mitundu 36 yokha yomwe ili mumtunduwu, koma mtengo wamapulo wamba ndiwo nyumba. Maina ena a mitundu: chikhalidwe, lybolistnaya, Chinese, otsika. Mitunduyi ili ndi mitundu yosachepera 7.5,000 yomwe yabzalidwa zaka zikwi zambiri.
Mame amodzi: momwe angadziwire matenda, njira zothandizira apulo
Matendawa ndi amodzi mwa minda, minda ndi minda yamaluwa. Mame a mtengo wa apulo amakhudza makungwa, masamba, masamba ndi mitengo. Choyamba, amapanga maonekedwe oyera, omwe amasintha mtundu kukhala bulauni, mawanga akuda. Masamba pamtengo amayamba kutembenukira chikasu, owuma ndi kugwa, mphukira zatsopano sizikula, ndipo mtengo ulibe mphamvu yokwanira kubereka zipatso. 
Ngati simukuzindikira ndipo musatengere chithandizo chamankhwala m'kupita kwa nthawi, mycelium idzayambiranso ntchito zake kumapeto kwa nyengo. Zimangolekerera mosavuta chisanu, kupitilira kumbali zosiyanasiyana za mtengo. Choncho, mankhwala, komanso kupewa, ayenera kuyamba kumayambiriro. Mtengo umathandizidwa ndi yankho la kukonzekera, mwachitsanzo, "Skor" kapena "Topaz" pamlingo wa 2 ml pa 10 L madzi. Pambuyo pa maluwawo, amathiridwa ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa oxychloride - 40 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa "Hom".
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo kukolola, ndi bwino kupitiriza kulimbana ndi bowa popopera mbewu mtengo Bordeaux madzi (1%) kapena yankho la sopo madzi ndi mkuwa sulfate (20 g ndi 50 g, motero, mu chidebe cha madzi).
Njira ndi njira zothetsera nkhanambo
Imodzi mwa matenda amenewo a mtengo wa apulo umene umakhudza masamba a mtengo. Zing'onozing'ono zingasokonezedwe kwathunthu. Kupanda kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga, mapesi ndi maluwa amakhudzidwa. N'zotheka kuyezetsa matendawa ndi kuwala kobiriwira, ndiyeno mafuta a azitona amaundana pamasamba. Chifukwa cha izo, masamba amauma ndi kugwa. Matendawa akakhudza chipatso, sangathe kutsanulira: ming'alu ndi mawanga pa khungu lawo la apulo ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwake. Ntchentche imayambitsidwa mu nyengo yamvula, ikagwa mvula, pali mame ambiri ndi mphutsi. Komanso, mycelium mosavuta imalekerera chisanu, imatsalira masamba ogwa a mtengo.
Mukudziwa? Kuti musadwale chifukwa chopewa ndi kuchiza matendawa, mukhoza kubzala maapulo omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi matendawa. Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu Yonatani, Saffron Pepin, Antonovka ndi ena.
Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa moyenera komanso kosatha pa mtengo wa apulo mwa kuchiza mtengo katatu pa nyengo ndi Bordeaux peint (4%). Nthawi yoyamba yomwe ndondomekoyi ikuchitika kumapeto kwa masamba, maluwawo amayamba kuphulika. Ngati kamphindi kameneka kamasowa, kupopera mbewu panthawi yopuma kumakhala kovomerezeka, koma kale 1% madzi. Kuti mukonzekeretse yankho lanu, mukufuna mtsuko wa madzi ndi 400 g ya mankhwala. Nthawi yachiwiri mankhwala ndi fungicide ayenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga mtengo wa apulo utatha. Lachitatu likuchitika masabata awiri kapena atatu. Ngati mkhalidwe wa mtengo uli wovuta kwambiri, mukhoza kuwirikiza kawiri chiwerengero cha mankhwala pa nyengo.
Ndikofunikira! Posankha mankhwala abwino, musafulumire kuwatenga nkhuni zonse. Choyamba yang'anani zotsatira zake pa nthambi zingapo. Kotero mutha kuteteza apulo ku zotentha.
Mankhwala monga "Zircon", "Skor", "Vectra", ndi "Topaz" adziwonetsera bwino. Adzawathandiza pankhondo osati nkhanambo, komanso ndi matenda ena. Monga choyimitsa chitetezo, musaiwale kuyeretsa ndi kuyatsa masamba osagwa mu kugwa, komanso kukumba pansi pa mtengo wa mtengo.
Momwe mungachiritse mtengo wa apulo kuchokera ku zipatso zowola (moniliosis)
Matendawa amayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pamene zipatso zimayamba kucha. Poyamba, zing'onozing'ono za mtundu wa bulauni zimawoneka pa iwo, zomwe zimakula mofulumira ndikuphimba apulo lonse. Zimakhala zofewa komanso zosadalirika.
Mwazirombo zonse za mitengo ya apulo ndi njira zochitira nawo, zowola zipatso zimaonedwa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri. Zili zosatheka kuzizindikira pachigawo choyambirira, zikuwonekera kale pa nthawi ya fruiting ndipo imakwirira chimanga chonse. 
Ndizosatheka kulimbana ndi matendawa panthawi yogwira ntchito, koma zowononga zimakhala zothandiza - kupopera mtengo ndi "Chom" kapena zofanana. Amadzipukutira muyeso ya 40 g pa chidebe cha madzi ndikupopera m'chaka chakumayambiriro kwa masamba aang'ono. Nthawi yachiwiri yochita izi ndizofunikira mtengo wa apulo utatha. Ndikofunika kupopera pa mlingo wa 5-6 malita pa mtengo wamkulu ndi 2 malita pa achinyamata.
Anti-bakiteriya amayaka
Pakati pa chilimwe, ngati mwapeza mwadzidzidzi masamba a bulauni pa mtengo wa apulo, womwe umakhala wakuda, wouma, amasintha mawonekedwe, mwinamwake mtengo wanu wa apulo uli ndi mabakiteriya. Matendawa amabweretsedwa kumunda nthawi zambiri kupyolera muzitsamba ndi cuttings, ogulitsidwa m'masitolo osamalidwa kapena kulandiridwa monga mphatso kuchokera kwa anzanu ndi anansi awo. Pambuyo pake, amatha kupha imfa, komanso kuwononga mbewu pamtengo wachikulire - maapulo akuvunda m'mitengo, koma osagwa.
Njira yokhayo yothetsera matenda ndi kupewa. Pofuna kupewa, ndi bwino kugula mbande ndi cuttings m'malo ovomerezeka, ndikuziwerenga mosamala kuti palibe matenda. Nthawi yowononga tizilombo m'munda. Iwo ndi othandiza matenda. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi chida, nthawi zonse muzisamba ndi kuzikonza mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yokayikitsa. 
Pofuna kuteteza matenda a mitengo ya apulo pamakungwa, masamba, zipatso komanso osadandaula za mankhwalawa, nthawi yowononga nthaka m'munda. Kuti muchite izi, konzani njira yothetsera mkuwa wa sulphate, yomwe imatsanulira pa nthaka (60 g pa ndowa). Mitengo yokha iyenera kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala "Chom" muyeso yomwe tatchula pamwambapa.
Ndikofunikira! N'zotheka kuchotsa matenda omwe akupezekawo powononga khungu lawo. Zodula m'mitengo ziyenera kuphimbidwa ndi phula la munda kapena 1% mkuwa wa sulfate.
Momwe mungatetezere mtengo wa apulo ku cytosporosis
Cytosporosis ndi matenda a fungal omwe amakhudza makungwa a mitengo. Pa izo, zilonda zamdima zimaonekera poyamba, zomwe m'kupita kwa nthawi zimakula kukula ndikulowa mu thunthu, kusintha mtundu wawo. Kwa makina ambiri a cytosporosis, zilonda zazikulu zofiirira zofiira ndizo khalidwe, pambali pake makungwa a mtengowo amafa, akugwa pamodzi ndi nthambi. Ngati mtengo wa apulo suli kuchiritsidwa, udzafa posachedwa. Zinthu zikuwonjezereka ndi nthaka yosauka, chisamaliro chosayenera ndi kuthirira mtengo.
Pochiza matendawa, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi "Hom" amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene masamba a pa apulo amayamba kutupa. Pakufunika kuti musankhe tsiku lofunda ndi lokoma. Nthawi yachiwiri mtengo umathandizidwa ndi yankho la mkuwa sulphate musanayambe maluwa. Chithandizo chachitatu chimachitika mwamsanga kutha kwa maluwa ndi "Home" yomweyi. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, mitengo yambiri imakhala yoyera, ndipo mitengo ya apulo iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi phosphorous kapena potaziyamu.
Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zimenezi. Dulani nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa, zilonda zoyeretsedwa ndi chida chopanda kanthu, kuchotsa masentimita awiri a minofu yathanzi. Zigawo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 3% zamkuwa sulphate ndipo zimakhala ndi njira yothetsera. Ngati pali matabwa mumtengo, ayenera kukonzedwanso. Mbali zomwe zimakhudzidwa kutali ndi mtengowo zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Pakatha masabata awiri kapena atatu, malo opatsidwa chithandizo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuti asayambirenso. Tsinde la laimu liyenera kuchitidwa osati kokha m'dzinja, komanso masika.
Ndondomeko ya chilakolako cha milky, momwe mungachiritse mtengo wa apulo ku matendawa
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti chilakolako champhamvu chimakhudza mtengo wa apulo. Koma kwenikweni, matendawa amayamba ndi masamba ndipo pang'onopang'ono amakhudza khungu. Mukawona kuti masambawo atembenukira chikasu mumapulo, ndiye kuti amatsitsa ndi mikwingwirima yoyera ndi yasiliva ndikutha, ndithudi izi ndi zotsatira za chiwonongeko cha mtengowo. M'nyengo yothamanga, mawanga amdima amaonekera pa makungwa ndi thunthu. Mtengo umatha mphamvu mwamsanga ndipo umamwalira.
Mankhwalawa ndi ochotsa makungwa a mtengowo ndikukonza mabalawo ndi gulu lapadera. Monga njira yothandizira, chithandizo cha mtengo wonse wokhala ndi njira zothandizira ndizofunikira, kuyeretsa thunthu ndi mandimu mu kugwa ndi masika. Kusamala bwino, kudyetsa nthawi ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse n'kofunikanso.
Njira zothana ndi khansa yakuda
Mwina matenda aakulu kwambiri ndi khansara yakuda ya apulo, zomwe zimayendetsa bwino kwambiri. Matendawa amakhudza makungwa a mtengo, zipatso ndi masamba. Pamapeto pake pali mawanga omwe amafalikira kukula ndi kuchuluka. Makungwa a mitengo imatuluka, amatha kuyamba, kenako nkutha. Zovunda zakuda zikuwoneka pa chipatso. Ngati nthawi isayambe mankhwala, mtengo umatha msanga.
Matendawa akadziwidwa, nthambi zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi masamba ayenera kudulidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Zigawo ndi ming'alu zimatengedwa ndi 1% yothetsera mkuwa wa sulphate ndi malo oyala pamunda amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo maluwa a apulo amafunika kuthana ndi njira ya Bordeaux zakumwa.
Koma izi zowonjezereka sizothandiza ngati kuteteza matenda. Yang'anani mwatcheru kuti nthaka ikhale yoyandikana ndi mtengo, yomwe iyenera kuti ikhale ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi. Mitengo imafunika nthawi yeniyeni komanso yoyenera, popeza matenda amawonekera makamaka pa zomera zofooka.
Nthawi yothana ndi tizilombo tofalitsa matenda, komanso matenda ena omwe amafooketsa mtengo.
Monga mukuonera, kuti mutenge zipatso zamapulo, mumayenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama pafupi ndi mitengo. Amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana omwe amachititsa imfa kukolola osati kukolola, komanso mtengo wokha. Koma ngati mukutsatira zipangizo zamakono za ulimi, pakapita nthawi kuti muteteze matenda, matenda ambiri angapewe.
