Salita yomwe ikukwera ndi imodzi mwazitundu zomwe zimakopa chidwi kwa nthawi yayitali komanso zimapangitsa chidwi ndi maluwa awo ofiira. Mukayang'ana pa iwo, fanizo lomveka limayamba ndi malawi. Kukongoletsa komanso kusasamala kumamupangitsa kukhala mlendo wolandiridwa m'minda ya anthu olima Russian.
Rosa Salita
Salita - duwa la m'gulu la Klimmers. Olera a nazale akale achijeremani a Wilhelm Cordes adabweretsa izi padziko lapansi mu 1987. KORmorlet ndi dzina lachiwiri la mbewu.
Kufalikira zitsamba za Salita ndi mphukira zazitali zolimba ndi masamba akulu obiriwira obiriwira obiriwira mpaka 2,5 mpaka mamita ndi 1.5 mulifupi. Kuchulukitsa kwa mbewu kumadalira nyengo yomwe ikula: kuzizira, pang'onopang'ono kukula. Izi zitha kuonedwa kuti ndizo zokha, osati zofunikira kwambiri, popeza kuti mchaka choyamba cha moyo ndibwino kupeĊµa kutulutsa maluwa pochotsa masamba.
Maofesi a Salita
Pazitsamba zazing'ono za utoto wofiirira, maluwa owala a lalanje-amatsanulira amathiridwa, moyumbidwa bwino mpaka 9 cm, atha kuphatikizidwa mu inflorescence mpaka zidutswa 5. Ili ndi mitundu yakumwa ya tiyi ndi tiyi wosakanizidwa. Fungo lake ndi lopepuka, lokhala ndi zolemba za zipatso. Maluwa amatalika komanso kutalika mosalekeza. Imakhala ndi kukana chisanu (mpaka -26 ° C), pokhazikika pogona. Malinga ndi malongosoledwewo, sagwiririka ndi zovuta zazing'onoting'ono, zosakhudza chisamaliro, zimalekerera nyengo yamvula.
Mitundu ya Salita ndi yoyenera kulima pamtunda ndipo imakupatsani mwayi wokongoletsa makhoma a nyumba, kukonza chipilala kapena gazebo. Zikuwoneka zokongola pakubwera pakati pa udzu, kapena, pakampani yopanga mapiko, makamaka yoyera: verbena, phlox, alissums, ndi ena. Zimayenda bwino ndi ma conifers.
Salita popanga mawonekedwe
Maluwa akukula
Mbande zimabzalidwa m'malo opepuka, m'nthaka yokwanira, kuthira nthawi. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yobzala pakati matope akuti ndi yophukira (kumapeto kwa Seputembala - koyambirira kwa Okutobala). M'masabata angapo, duwa la Solita limakwanitsa kupereka mizu yoyambirira, yomwe imasinthasintha ngakhale chisanu woyamba chisanayambe. Ndi kubwera kwa masika, mizu ndi magawo a dziko lapansi mwachangu, momwe mungathere mitundu yokhala pang'onopang'ono, imakula.
Zofunika! Mukabzala mu nthawi ya masika, kukula kwa mbewuyo kumachedwa kwa milungu ingapo ndipo kudzafunika chisamaliro chambiri. Musanabzale m'nthaka, mbande zimafupikitsidwa ndi masamba atatu, ngakhale mutha kuzipanga mosavuta pogula mbewu zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi mizu mu nazale.
Ponena za kudulira mbande, tikutanthauza kufupikitsa 3-5 mphukira zolimba mpaka 15 cm, mphukira ofooka amadulidwa kwathunthu. Mizu imayang'aniridwa mofananamo, ikungotsala gulu laling'ono. Kenako, malo a magawo amathandizidwa ndi fumbi lamakala, mizu imawilitsidwa ndikuwonjezera mphamvu.
Maluwa aliwonse amakonda dothi lotayirira lomwe limadutsa chinyontho mosavuta. Ngati dothi lolemera kapena mchenga zipezeka m'deralo, ziyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi dothi lomaliza. Kuphatikizira kwa laimu, humus, humus, feteleza wa phosphorous kuti achulukitse dothi ndikupangitsa kuti likhale labwino kwambiri kulima mbewuyi. Malo omwe akufuna kuti azinyamula azikumbidwa kangapo kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso masika.
Kukumba chiwembu chodzala maluwa
Njira yobzala ndi motere:
- Sankhani malo oyimitsa, ndi otsetsereka pang'ono, kuti muwonetsetse kuti palibe chinyezi. Tsamba lomwe lili pafupi ndi khoma la nyumbayo kapena thandizo lina lililonse lomwe lingateteze mbewuyo ndikuloleza kuti ikule bwino. Mtunda pakati pa khoma ndi mmera uzikhala wosachepera 60 cm kuti mizu yayitali ya duwa isamayende mwachangu kwambiri.
- Nthaka imakumbidwa mpaka pakuya masentimita 65, dzenje lalikulu limapangidwa kuti mbewuyo ilibe malo, ndikufikiramo feteleza. Ngati chodzala chokhazikitsidwa, ndiye kuti pakati pa tchire lalifupi pakhale masamba 50 cm, ndipo mbande zazikulu zimakhala pafupifupi mita imodzi kuchokera pachilichonse.
- Dzenje limakumba, nthaka yachonde yokhala ndi feteleza imawonjezeredwa kuphiri.
- Mizu yosunthira imakwezedwa mu dzenje, ndikukulitsa khosi mizu m'nthaka ndi 10-12 masentimita, omwe aperekanso kutentha kwazomera nthawi yachisanu.
- Mizu imayikidwa momasuka mu dzenje, yokutidwa ndi dziko pansi, ndikudzaza ma voids, kuponderezedwa pang'ono.
Salita ndi duwa lokwera. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa ntchito zosamalidwa, kuphatikiza kuthirira, kudula, kuvala pamwamba, kumasula, kulimitsa nthaka, nthawi yophukira komanso yophukira kuthengo ndikuchotsa inflorescence yozimiririka, kumafunikiranso garter.
Zofunika! Garter amakulolani kuti mupatse chitsamba chija mawonekedwe ndikuzitchinjiriza panthambizo chifukwa cha kulemera kwa inflorescence.
Kusamalira mbewu
Kupanga chitsamba, nthambi zake zimangokonzedwa osati mokhazikika, komanso mozungulira kapena mwanjira zina, pokhapokha mbewuyo imakhala yosavomerezeka, kumasula masamba kokha kumtengo waukulu. Makina owoneka ngati fan ndi otchuka kwambiri, ndipo ndizotheka kupindika nthambi kuzungulira chithandizo chilichonse (mwachitsanzo, kuzikulunga ndizowoneka) kuti nthambi zisasokonezane.
Kuthirira ndi kudyetsa
Solita amathiriridwa, ngati maluwa ambiri, nthawi 1-2 pa sabata kuti dothi lozungulira lizilitsidwa ndikuzama ndi 0.5 metres. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, mbewu zimadyetsedwa mwezi uliwonse motere:
- madzi ndi mbalame zitosi - 1/20;
- madzi ndi manyowa a ng'ombe - 1/10;
- nkhuni phulusa yankho.
Kudyetsa maluwa ndi kuthirira
Chitsamba chachikulire chimafuna kudyetsa pafupipafupi kasanu ndi kamodzi pa nyengo ndikupumula kwa masabata 2-3. Njira yotsatirayi ikulimbikitsidwa:
- kumayambiriro kwa kasupe - yankho la urea (20 g pa ndowa);
- ammonium nitrate (30 g pa ndowa imodzi);
- feteleza wophatikizira wa mchere asanapangidwe masamba;
- yankho la manyowa a ng'ombe kumayambiriro kwamaluwa;
- kudya mobwerezabwereza ndi mchere - maluwa atatha;
- kumapeto kwa chilimwe, kuvala kawiri pamwamba ndi superphosphate (20 g pa ndowa imodzi) ndi mchere wa potaziyamu (10x10).
Kudulira
Kuti chitsamba chizikhala chathanzi, kuonetsetsa kuti maluwa ake ndi obiriwira, kudulira nthawi zonse ndikofunikira. Nthawi yomweyo, nthambi zouma, mphukira zomwe sizimapereka maluwa ndi zopweteka zakale zomwe zimakhala zopitilira zaka 4 zimachotsedwa. Mphukira zotsalazo zimafupikitsa masamba 5, omwe ndiokwanira kukweza chitsamba komanso maluwa ambiri.
Zofunika! Lisanachitike kutentha kwa dzinja, Solita amathandizidwa ndi fungicides. Kupitilira apo, tchire limakulidwa kwambiri, zikwapu zimakunguliridwa bwino ndikuthandizira, ndikukhazikika pansi ndikukutidwa ndi zoumbira kapena matabwa.
Maluwa maluwa
Kufalitsa bwino tchire la Solita kutulutsa mosalekeza nyengo yonse yomwe mukukula. Kukhazikitsa kolowera moyenera ndikutsatira ukadaulo waulimi wonse kumapangitsa maluwa ambiri. Ngati izi zakana kutulutsa, ndiye kuti ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa pa kusakhalitsa komanso kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira za unamwino zomwe tafotokozazi.
Kufalitsa maluwa
Maluwa okwera amatha kufalikira ndi mbewu, magawo, kudula ndi kumalumikiza. Njira zosavuta ndizoyikika ndi kudula. Koma polima mbewu ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosungira. Mukadzisonkhanitsa nokha mbewu, muyenera kukhala okonzeka kuti mbewu yatsopano itha kutaya mawonekedwe.
Mbande za maluwa
Osatengera momwe mbewuzo zimapezedwa, zimamera motere:
- Kufalikira mu sume ndikuyika kwa theka la ola mu chidebe ndi hydrogen peroxide kuti ipewe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndikuteteza ku nkhungu nthawi ya stratation.
- Mbewu zimayikidwa pazidutswa zansalu zophatikizika ndi peroxide ndipo zimakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wina wa peroxide.
- Minofu yokhala ndi njere imayikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki, thumba mu chidebe.
- Chotengera chija chimasainidwa ndikuchiyika mufiriji.
- Nthawi ndi nthawi muziwunika momwe mbewuzo ziliri. Ngati nkhungu ikhoza kuchitika, ibwerezaninso momwe mukuwukirira mu peroxide, sinthani nsalu ndikuyiyikani mufiriji.
- Pakatha miyezi 1.5-2, mbewu iliyonse imasinthidwa kuti isungidwe poto ina, ndikuyika matope pansi ndikuwuteteza ku "mwendo wakuda".
- Miphika yokhala ndi mbande imayikamo komwe imapatsidwa nthawi yayitali masana - osachepera maola 10, ndikuthiriridwa ngati nthaka ikuluma.
Chisamaliro chimapitilira mpaka kuphukira. Munthawi imeneyi, mbewu zimafunika kudyetsedwa ndi mchere wovuta.
Ngati zonse zidachitidwa moyenera, ndiye kuti patatha miyezi iwiri mutabzala, masamba amatha kuoneka mbande, omwe ndi bwino kuti asamasuke, kuti mizu ikhale ndi nthawi yolimbitsa.
Zofunika! Mbande zimasungidwa pokhapokha nthaka ikatentha.
Matenda, tizirombo ndi njira zokuthana nazo
Salita amalimbana ndi matenda. Chosiyana ndichakuti ndimatenda oyamba ndi fungus, omwe amatengeka mosavuta. Komabe, matendawa atha kupewedwa mosavuta pakuwona malamulo omwewo posamalira: kupewa kuthilira madzi, kudulira komanso kupereka kuyatsa kokwanira.
Mokumana ndi powdery hlobo kapena wakuda mawanga, mutha kulimbana nawo ndi Fitosporin-M, Bayleton ndi kukonzekera kwina kwa fungicidal.
Mitundu iyi siimakhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toopsa. Prophylactic yabwino kwambiri ndi kuchotsera kwa ivy kapena suluti wa sopo-adyo pomwe chitsamba chalavulidwa. Ndikokwanira kumwaza dothi lozungulira ndi fumbi la fodya.
Kupereka chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro chabwino ku kukongola kwamoto, ndikosavuta kupeza zitsamba zofiirira zowala bwino patsamba lanu zomwe zimapangitsa nsanje ya anansi ndi abwenzi.
