Cotoneaster, omwe ndi a pinki, amamera ku China, Buryatia ndi Eastern Siberia. Koma adzizoloŵera moyo mumisewu ya mumzinda, popeza salola kuti chisanu chikhale chokha, komanso chimagwira pang'ono ku mpweya, fumbi komanso kuipitsa chilengedwe.
Mukudziwa? Cotoneaster ndi shrub yobiriwira yobiriwira. Dzina lake linamupatsa iye botanist wa ku Swiss Caspar Baugin. Popeza mtundu wina wa cotoneaster umawoneka ngati quince, unapanga dzina lake kuchokera m'mawu awiri achigriki: cotonea (quince) ndi aster (ofanana). Lero zomera zimagawidwa ku Eurasia, kumpoto kwa Afrika mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu.
Zonse zokhudza kubzala cotonaster
Mosasamala kanthu ka mtundu wa kukwera cotonaster ikuchitika kumapeto kwa nyengo. Tiyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yochita nthawi isanayambe maluwa, koma dziko lapansi litatha. Komabe, cotonaster yakuda ndi yowala imatha kubzalidwa kugwa. Apanso, mukufunika kuti mufike ku chisanu, koma kuti musatulukirepo kale kuposa masamba onse.
Posankha malo a shrub, tenga malo amdima omwe angapeze zonse zokongoletsa. Ngakhale mu penumbra, amakhalanso wokongola kwambiri. Nkofunika kuti pamalo ano panalibe mphepo yamkuntho, ndipo madzi apansi anali ozama mokwanira.
Chomera chotchedwa cotonaster chimakhala chodzichepetsa kunthaka, koma zowona, mutabzala mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zofunika ku dzenje.
Mabowo akukonzekera ndi kukula kwa pafupifupi 50x50x50 masentimita. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pansi pa dzenje, pafupifupi masentimita 20, ziyenera kukhala ndi ngalande: njerwa yosweka ndi miyala. Kuchokera pamwamba, chitsamba sichiwaza ndi dothi wamba, koma ndi chisakanizo cha magawo awiri a nthaka ya sod ndi imodzi ya humus, mchenga ndi peat. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka yomweyo ndiyo yokha ya cotonaster. Zomwe zinachitikira wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuwonjezera pa 200 magalamu a laimu pa lalikulu mamita.
Kumbukirani kuti chitsamba chidzakula ndi kupanga korona wokongola, choncho mtunda pakati pa iwo ndi zomera zina ziyenera kusungidwa osachepera theka la mita, ndipo makamaka ziwiri. Mukakonkhetsa sapling ndi dziko lapansi, munthu ayenera kusamala kuti asatseke khosi lake, lomwe liyenera kukhala lozungulira ndi nthaka. Nthaka yokha kuzungulira iyo iyenera kukhala yophatikizidwa bwino, kuthiriridwa ndi kusungunuka 8 cm peat.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamadzala cotonaster pamtambo, musakonzeke mabowo, koma mitsuko.
Mtundu uliwonse wa cotonaster womwe iwe umabzala, udzayamba mizu ndi pafupifupi 100% mwinamwake popanda mavuto.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji chophikira pakhomo
Kubzala cotonaster ndikumusamalira ndi zosavuta kwambiri. Mukakumbukira kuti chomeracho chimawononga chinyezi mu mizu, ndiye kuti sipadzakhala mavuto ndi kukula. Chitsamba sichifuna madzi okwanira ngakhale masiku otentha kwambiri a chilimwe - chimakhala chilala popanda zotsatira zoopsa. Koma ngati mvula yowuma kwambiri, imamwe madzi kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse ndi ndowa zisanu ndi ziwiri pamsana wamkulu. Kuthirira mwezi uliwonse kumatsimikizira kusagwira zomera zokongoletsera. Pa njira yomweyi, mukhoza kutsuka fumbi ndi dothi m'tchire.
Kusamalira kachipatala kumafuna kuthetsa nthawi zonse namsongole mukatha kuthirira kapena mvula. Pambuyo pa njirayi, ndibwino kumasula nthaka pansi pake ndi kuzungulira pafupifupi masentimita 15. Kukulumikiza ndi peat mpaka 8 masentimita kumatha njirayi.
Mukudziwa? Cotoneaster ndi shrub yowonongeka yomwe imatsika masamba m'dzinja. Popanda kudulira, imatha kufika mamita awiri mu msinkhu. Masamba a Elliptical amakhala okwana masentimita asanu, amawonetsa mapeto ndipo amadzaza ndi mphukira. Mtundu wa mtundu wa mtundu uli wobiriwira, koma m'chilimwe ukhoza kukhala ndi phokoso lofiirira. Koyonela imatulutsa maluwa kuyambira May mpaka June ndi maluwa okongola a pinki, omwe amasonkhanitsa maulendo asanu ndi atatu. Chokongola chokongola chakuda chakuda chomwe chimakongoletsa zitsamba chisanachitike chisanu, kuoneka pa chaka chachinai cha chomeracho. Ndipo popanda kuika, akhoza kukula pamalo amodzi kwa zaka 50.
Kukula kompositala kumafuna kudya nthawi zonse. Nthawi yoyamba humus imayambidwa kumapeto kwa nyengo yokala nthaka.
Pomwe mutabzala nokha mukhoza kupanga feteleza zovuta. Mukangotentha kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza zopangira madzi, mwachitsanzo, klemira yaitali ya kemira kapena yothetsera urea (25 g pa chidebe cha madzi). Pamaso pa maluwa potashi fetereza ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: 60 g wa superphosphate ndi 15 g wa potaziyamu pa lalikulu mamita.
Momwe mungakonzere bwino chophika
Kudulira mitengo ya cotonaster kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, koma momwe izo zidzakhalire zimadalira mtundu wa shrub ndi zolinga zanu. Kukonza kungakhale koyera, kubwezeretsa ndi kusungunuka. Zomaliza ziŵirizi zimangopangidwa kasupe, musanadziwe za impso, ndi yoyamba - nthawi iliyonse.
Kudulira kwachitetezo
Kuchita kudulira kwaukhondo kumalimbikitsidwa ngati kuli kofunikira nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Akufa, osweka, oonongeka, odwala kapena mphukira yakale amatha kuchotsedwa. Zathetsedwa kuti zithetse shrub ndi kusunga mawonekedwe ake okongola.
Ndikofunikira! Anthu osadziŵika kwambiri ndi amalimi a maluwa a novice akusokoneza dogwood ndi cotonaster, kuwatenga kuti akhale ofanana shrub. Koma chidziwitso ndicho chinthu chokha chimene chikuwabweretsa palimodzi. Ndipotu iwo amakhalanso ndi mabanja osiyana. Cotoneaster ili ndi zipatso zosaoneka zomwe zikuwoneka ngati maapulo mini. Iye, mosiyana ndi cornel, samaukitsidwa osati chifukwa cha chipatso, koma chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake, kumene iye amasunga kwa zaka zambiri za moyo wake.
Kudula mitengo yokalamba
Pakapita nthawi, gawo lochepa la cotonaster limakhala lopanda kanthu, makamaka pankhani ya chokeberry, ndipo chitsamba chimafuna kudulira. Ndiponso, chizindikiro cha mtundu uwu wa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kukula kwa mbewu zosapitirira 7 masentimita pachaka.
Gwiritsani ntchito, monga tafotokozera kale, kumapeto, pamene impso zisanatuluke. Malingana ndi dera, ilo likhoza kuyambira kuyambira February mpaka April. Nthawi zina zimakwaniritsidwa pafupi ndi kugwa - mu August-September.
Kudulira ndi cholinga chobwezeretsa kumaphatikizapo kufupikitsa mphukira kuchokera pamwamba ndi pafupi gawo limodzi. Monga lamulo, zitatu kapena zinayi masamba zimadulidwa, ndipo kudula kokha kumapangidwira masamba abwino. Izi zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa phokoso lolowera.
Pofuna kupewa kukulitsa kwa mbeu, kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zakale kamodzi pakatha zaka ziwiri zikuchitika. Ndiye pachimake chatsopano kwambiri. Chisonyezo cha mtundu uwu wa kudulira ndi kubisala maluwa.
Kupanga kudulira
Mbewu ikafika pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, ndipo mphukira idzatambasula mpaka masentimita 60 m'litali, n'zotheka kuchita zokonzera kudulira mbewu. Okonza malo akukonda chifukwa chakuti akhoza kupatsidwa mawonekedwe osiyana kwambiri: malo otchedwa hemisphere, prism, cone, kapena zolemba zambiri.
Mukayamba kudulira mowirikiza, kumangiriza nsongazo kuti mbaliyo ikhale ikukula, ndipo chaka chamawa mukhoza kuchepetsa mphukira ndi gawo lachitatu ndikuwapatsa mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Ndikofunika kuti poyamba muyesere mawonekedwe osavuta ndipo mutatha kupeza maluso ofunikira kuti mukhale ndi maonekedwe ovuta. Chitsanzo chodzala mu cotonaster chimakhudzanso zosankha zinazake, choncho, ganizirani mozama za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsamba.
Linga la cotoneaster
Zitsamba zamakotoni zimakongoletsedwa ndi mapaki, minda, ndi madera a munda, ndikudzala mu mzere wandiweyani kuzungulira mipanda, njira, ndi zitsamba. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusiyanitsa magawo osiyanasiyana pa siteti, magulu osiyanasiyana a zomera, kuchepetsa flowerbeds kapena kupanga imodzi mwa atatu pa mpanda wothamanga.
Monga lamulo, kupanga mpanda wochokera ku cotonaster, tchire amabzalidwa mzere umodzi pamtunda wa 50 masentimita kapena mu ngalande ndi ngalande ndi m'katikati mwa ngalande ya theka la mita. Nthaŵi zina zimakhala zochitika komanso mzere umodzi ukulowera mu kachitidwe ka checkerboard. Komabe, kawiri kawiri mzere umagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala zitsamba zamatabwa, hawthorn ndi zitsamba zina.
Mutabzala, mukuganizira zotsatiridwa pamwambapa, mbande za cotonaster ziyenera kukula kwa zaka pafupifupi ziwiri. Ndipo pambuyo panthawi iyi ayamba kupanga iwo. Chinthu choyamba kuchita ndi kuchepetsa kutalika kwa cotonaster, kudula nsonga za mphukira. Izi zidzakulitsa kuwonjezeka kwa nthambi zam'mbali. Akafika pafupifupi kukula kwake komwe akukonzekera kupanga, amayamba kuchepetsa kukula kwawo.
Pamene chitsamba chimakhala chokwanira mokwanira, chimadulidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe omwe akufuna. Mipikisano iyenera nthawi ndi nthawi yokonzedweratu ndi kusinthidwa kwa omwe akufuna ndi kudula. Pakati pa nyengo muyenera kutenga pafupifupi 3-4 tsitsili kuti musunge mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Mpaka wabwino kwambiri wa mpanda wa cotoneaster ndi 1.5 mamita.
Ndikofunikira! Pali mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana ya makotoni, koma si oyenera kukula m'munda. Odzichepetsa kwambiri ndi osagwira ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mpanda: wakuda-wobiriwira, wowala, wamba (wonse). Amatsutsana bwino ndi nyengo yonse ya nyengo, nyengo zakuthambo, komanso nyengo yozizira.
Kukonzekera chokonzera chimbudzi m'nyengo yozizira
Kawirikawiri, cotonaster imakhala yopanda chisanu chokwanira, kotero sikutanthauza kukonzekera kwakanthawi kozizira. Izi ndizowona makamaka m'nyengo yozizira-mitundu yosiyanasiyana ngati yakuda, yowala, yowonongeka, yomwe imamanga mazinga. Komabe, ngati nyengo yozizira ikuyembekezeredwa kapena mukuwopa kuti nyama yanu ikuyenda bwino, mukhoza kuyika nthaka pansi pa chitsamba ndi peat, masamba owuma, masamba a spruce kapena zinthu zina kuti aziphimba ndi masentimita 6.
Mukhozanso kugubuduza nthambi zachitsamba ndikuziphimba ndi zomwezo. Komanso, mukhoza kuwaphimba ndi chisanu. Koma ngati chipale chofewa chimalimbikitsidwa kuchotsa zipangizo zokopa pang'onopang'ono kotero kuti shrub ikhoza kuthera m'nyengo yozizira - chisanu.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi matenda otheka ndi tizilombo toononga
Cotoneaster imayambitsa matenda, ndipo tizilombo timakonda. Pa matendawa, nthawi zambiri imakhudza matenda otere monga fusarium. Zitha kupezedwa ndi chikasu komanso kugwa masamba kumapeto kapena nyengo ya chilimwe, ndiko kuti, ngati sizinthu zachilengedwe. Matendawa amavomerezedwa kenako ndi osauka maluwa. Matendawa amafalikira mofulumira ndipo ngati chithandizocho sichiyambe pa nthawi, chomeracho chikhoza kufa.
Ngati matendawa amapezeka muyeso yoyamba, mungathe kuchita ndi mankhwala ochiritsira. Choyamba, malo onse okhudzidwa amachotsedwa. Kenaka chomera ndi nthaka kuzunguliridwa ndi sprayed ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mbatata nsonga, yarrow, adyo kapena decoction wa chitsamba chowawa. Ngati zinthu zanyalanyazidwa, fungicides ndizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zina mwa tizirombo pa shrub zimakhala ndi bere la chikasu, kangaude, scytwick, sawyer, apulo njenjete kapena aphid. Mfundo yakuti iwo adakhazikika pamundawo, amanenedwa masamba, opotoka ndi zouma. Ngati tizilombo sitinakhale nayo nthawi yofalikira kwambiri pakhomopo, mungagwiritsenso ntchito mankhwala ochizira. Chomeracho ndi sprayed ndi decoction ya yarrow, fodya, fodya. Apo ayi mutha kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Monga mukuonera, cotonaster - chomera chofunika kwambiri komanso chofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera kwa dziko. Zimathandiza kupanga mpanda wokongola wokongoletsa malo anu. Pokhala ndi luso lina, akhoza kupatsidwa mawonekedwe aliwonse odabwitsa. Panthawi yomweyo shrub ndi yovuta kukula ndi kusamalira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kudzala pa siteti ya mtundu wa shrub yomwe imamva bwino mu nyengo iyi.
