Kwa zaka makumi angapo pa malo obzala mbewu, ntchito yowonongeka inapangidwira kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya mitengo ya zipatso yatsopano.
Ngati apulo yayambira kale ku Siberia ndi m'midzi, mapeyala ankafuna kugwira ntchito mwakhama, chifukwa cha zomwe iwo adalumikizidwa nyengo yozizira yozizira choyamba kusankha.
Iwo sanangokhala maziko a mitundu yatsopano yatsopano, komanso adakondedwa ndi wamaluwa. Mitundu iyi ikuphatikizapo peyala Wam'mwera - Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana, zithunzi za zipatso ndi ndemanga za wamaluwa pamapeto pake.
Kodi ndi mapeyala otani?
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa oyambirira chilimwe mitundu.
Wam'mwera oyambirira kwambiri pa fruiting. Kututa kale kale 2-4 chaka.
Mitundu yamitundu ya chilimwe imaphatikizansopo: Duchess, Tonkovetka, Chizhovskaya, Skorospelka kuchokera ku Michurinsk ndi Severyanka Red-cheeked.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Mu 1959, Institute yomwe inatchedwa Michurin inabweretsa Svetlyanka zosiyanasiyana, kufalitsa komwe kunayambira mwamsanga pambuyo poyesedwa.
Kubwezeretsa kwabwino kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira ya Siberia inali yopindulitsa kwambiri. Koma ntchito inapitirira, ndipo potsiriza inadza Severyanka, kusintha kwa Svetlyanka.
Kalasi yolandira PN Yakovlev pamene akudutsa awiri: Chiweto cha Clapp ndi Koparechka nambala 12. Ntchitoyi inkachitika pamalo osankhidwa Chelyabinsk. Mitundu yotengedwa koyambirira idatchedwa "Mbeu Yakovlev nambala 103" mu ulemu wa Mlengi wake.
Ndiye izi zosiyanasiyana zinayamba kutchedwa peyala Severyanka Yakovlev, chifukwa chinali adapanga malo akummwera, ndipo kenako anayamba kutchedwa Severyanka. Ngakhale kuti mapeyalawa adakalipobe wotchuka mu Mizinda, koma malo awo atsopano ogulitsa mafakitale sakupezekanso.
Panthawiyi, Severyanka sichigwiritsidwe ntchito konse popanga. Mtengo wa zosiyanasiyana uwu wapita chifukwa cha kuyambika kwa mitundu yatsopano, yopindulitsa.
Kotero, iye, mofanana ndi akale ake, amapezeka pokhapokha m'minda yapayekha Siberia. Makamaka chikondi peyala mitundu Northerner pa wamaluwa Malo a Bashkiria, Kurgan ndi Chelyabinsk kwa nyengo yozizira yolimba, kufotokozera zosiyana siyana za mtundu ndi chithunzi cha chipatso.
Kwa kubzala ku Siberia zigawo za Russian Federation mitundu yabwino Svarog, Tyoma, Krasnobakaya, Krasulya ndi Lada.
Kufotokozera za zosiyanasiyana Severyanka
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a mtengo ndi zipatso.
Mtengo
Bzalani otsika, ndi lalikulu pyramidal korona wa sing'anga makulidwe, palinso mitundu yozungulira. Kukula mofulumira. Masamba obiriwira ali ndi mdima wobiriwira.
Iwo ali ndi nsonga pang'ono, iwo amafanana ndi dzira losasunthika.
Mapesiwo amakhalanso obiriwira komanso ochepa. Mapulogalamu amawoneka ngati a saber.
Mu inflorescence ndi mpaka maluwa 6. Ng'ombe zili, zoyera, maluwa ali ndi mawonekedwe a saucer.
Chipatso
Zipatso zipse makulidwe apakati a 80 mpaka 100 magalamu. Zimakula osati mawonekedwe amodzi, ofiira ozungulira. Nthawi yokolola pali chikasu chobiriwirandiye pang'onopang'ono kukhala wonyezimira wachikasu, pang'ono ndi chobiriwira. Khungu si lovuta, koma limakhala lolimba.
Mnofu umakhalanso wandiweyani, yowutsa mudyo kirimu, zonunkhira pang'ono, okoma, ndi pang'ono wowawasa kukoma, osapirira.
Pali mbewu zochepa, zimakhala zofiira, zazikulu, zimakonzedwa m'zipinda zazing'ono za mbewu.
Chithunzi
Zizindikiro
Ndikusamala mosamala ndi kuthirira bwino Peyala zokolola zili pafupi makilogalamu 45-60. Pakati pa nyengo yam'mlengalenga kuchokera ku mtengo umodzi mungathe kusonkhanitsa ndi kufika makilogalamu 100.
Kumwera ndi zosiyana-siyana. Chizindikiro choyamba cha kukwera kwathunthu ndi maonekedwe a mtundu wobiriwira khungu, koma mbewu zimakhala zoyera. Zipatso sizili chimodzimodzi mu kukula.
Yambani kukolola mapeyala pa khumi la mwezi wa August ndikukhala pafupi mpaka kumapeto kwa mweziwo. Pamapeto pa nyengoyi, chipatso cha zipatso chimakhala bulauni.
Zipatso zomwe zafika mokwanira, imadulidwa kuchokera mu mtengo mkati mwa masiku awiri. Zipatso zasungidwa pafupifupi Masiku 10 m'chipinda chozizira mu zitsulo zamatabwa kapena zamoto.
Akatswiri amalangiza kuti azichita Sungani kumbuyo kwa masiku 5-7, kuteteza zipatso kugwa. Ndipo pambali, zipatso anasonkhanitsa pasadakhale amasungidwa ozizira cellar kapena firiji mpaka miyezi iwiri.
Mukadzipukutira pamtundu uwu, zipatso zokwana 30% zokha zimamangidwa. Choncho, zosiyanasiyanazi zimafunikira pollinator.
Kumtunda kumathandiza kulima pafupi ndi kalasi Kumbukirani Yakovlevyomwe ndi yabwino kwambiri ya pollinator yake.
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira yolimba komanso yochepetsera chilala. Pakhala pali milandu ku Ufa, pamene nthawi yayitali imakhala yozizira Mitengo ikuluikulu yokha ndi yotentha kwambiri madigiri 50.
Ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuchepa kwa madigiri -42, gawo la pamwambalo linamwalira, koma mitengoyo idabweranso mwamsanga. Ndi kusowa zipatso zowonjezereka zimaphwa, kukoma kumakula kwambiri, zokolola zokolola ndi masabata awiri kapena awiri.
Mitengo yozizira yozizira imaphatikizaponso: Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Fairy, Tikhiy Don ndi Tatiana.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Kubzala chomera ichi ndi kusankha dzuwa, lotetezedwa ku mphepo. Ndikofunika kutikonzekera dzenje, pasanathe masabata awiri kapena atatu musanagule mbande.
Kugona pansi pa dzenje manyowa ndi humus. Phindu lake lidzakhala 60 cm masentimita ndi pafupifupi 90 cm masentimita.
Kudulira koyamba kwa peyala kumachitika mutabzala. Ngati mmerawo ulibe nthambi za mafupa, zomera zimakhala ndi mphukira imodzi, makamaka kudula pamtunda wa masentimita 70-90 pamwamba pa nthaka ndi kusunga masamba osachepera atatu.
Kudulira kotereku kumachitika kasupe kwa zaka zingapo mutabzala mtengo.
Mapeyala amakonda chikondindipo chotero kuthirira kwachitika kambirimbiri mu kasupe ndi chilimwe.
Manyowa mu chaka chachiwiri cha mtengo. Pakuti m'nyengo yozizira mumasowa onetsetsani kuti muwotchetse mitengoyo chifukwa chakuti akhoza kuvutika ndi kuzizira.
Onetsani zokambirana za vidiyo pa kudulira mapeyala:
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Sakani njenjete ndi peyala ndulu zosagwira. Ngati mwadzidzidzi kunali kozizira kwa masamba m'chaka, ndiye kuti pangakhale zovuta chifukwa cha bakiteriya yotentha.
Kawirikawiri, koma pali matenda monga, monga:
- Matenda a Mycoplasma, kapena "Tsache la Mfiti";
- //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html;
- Zipatso zowola.
Nthawi zina tizilombo timayambitsa mtengo:
- butterfly hawthorn;
- peyala tsamba ndondomeko yomwe imakhala ndi mphutsi ndikudyetsa masamba ndi masamba ena.
Kukaniza matenda kumasonyezedwa ndi mitundu yotsatira ya peyala: Elena, Pamyati Yakovleva, Dessert Rossoshanskaya, Yophukira Yakovleva ndi Marble.
Ngati mumabzala Severyanka m'munda wanu, mutha kukhala ndi zipatso zokoma chaka chilichonse. Zotsambazi ndi zabwino kwambiri poswana zatsopano. Mapeyala amaonedwa ngati chomera cholimba ndi zipatso zodabwitsa.
