Datura kapena Datura-Herb - Maluwa osazolowereka komanso okongola, omwe amapezeka mumaluwa a m'mphepete mwa msewu. Datura ndi wodzichepetsa kwambiri, kubzala ndi kusamalira kumakhala kosavuta kumva, choncho, ngati mukufuna, duwa likhoza kukula mosavuta, monga zikuwonetseratu ndi zithunzi zambiri za alimi amaluwa. Fungo lochititsa chidwi, limene limatuluka kwambiri madzulo a chilimwe ndi maluwa aakulu oyera, nthawi zina ndi maluwa okongola a datura, masamba osasamala. Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti chomera ichi ndi chakupha komanso chovulaza, komanso chimachiritsa katundu.
Mukudziwa? Udzu kapena datur ndi chomera chodabwitsa, chozizwitsa ndi chobisika chomwe sichikufotokozedwa. Malingana ndi momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito, zingakhale zopindulitsa komanso zovulaza. Chifukwa chake, anthu ena amamutcha "maluwa a angelo", ena, monga Carlos Castaneda mu imodzi mwa mabuku ake, - "maluwa a mdierekezi". Datura ankagwiritsa ntchito amatsenga ndi olosera zamatsenga. Aaztec ankalemekeza udzu ngati wopatulika, chifukwa mphamvu zake zinkathandiza ansembe kuti aziyankhulana ndi milungu ina.
Datura (dope): kufotokoza za mbewu
Anthu akhala akudziŵa kale zomwe maluwa a maluwa amawonekera, ndipo amakula kwa zaka zikwi zingapo. Ndibwino kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala abwino. Udzu wa Datura ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi waumphawi, wamatsenga komanso wochititsa chidwi. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa amapanga mankhwala omwe amamenyana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana: asthma, neuralgia, rheumatism, khansa ya m'mimba, kutaya mtima, ziphuphu zakumaso, ndi zina zotero.
Datura ndi banja la Solanaceae ndipo limaphatikizapo mitundu 13 yokhala ndi malingaliro osiyana siyana, mtundu wobiriwira, danga la poizoni, ndi zina zotero. Izi ndizitsamba zapachaka (ena omwe alimi wamaluwa amakhala osatha), ali ndi masamba obiriwira ovoid 10 cm. Maluwa ndi aakulu, osakwatira. Chipatso cha datura ndi lalikulu chetyrehgnezdovaya bokosi, ndi zambiri spikes, dries pa kusasitsa.
Zomera pafupifupi kwathunthu zili ndi alkaloids, zimayambira - pafupifupi 0.16%, mu mizu - 0.26%, mu mbewu - mpaka 0.22%. M'madera otentha ndi madera ozungulira, kumene datur akukula, maluwa amenewa akhoza kufika mamita asanu m'litali. Kunyumba, kukwaniritsa kukula koteroko sikutheka, chifukwa kumafuna malo ambiri omasuka. Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi malo abwino panyumbamo.
Ndikofunikira! Musapangitse fungo la datura kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo simuyenera kubweretsa maluwa a maluwa awa m'nyumba. Amakhala owopsa ndipo amatha kupweteka mutu, ndipo nthawi zina amachititsa kuti azivutika maganizo.Komabe, ngakhale poizoni wa dope, makhalidwe ake okongoletsera ndi maluwa okongola amakhalabe ochepa, choncho maluwawo akufesedwa mwakhama m'nyumba zapakhomo ndi ziwembu. Fungo la mitundu ina ya dope ndi losangalatsa kwambiri ndipo limathandiza kusokoneza fungo losayenera ndi losasangalatsa m'minda ndi m'midzi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chomeracho chili ndi mtundu wokongola kwambiri, womwe ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndi woyera kupita ku lilac, wofiirira, wofiira komanso wachikasu.
Momwe mungabzalitsire datur pamalo otseguka: Kusankha malo a chomera
Chomera chopanda ulemu chimafuna kukhala ndi luso lapadera lokula. Kuti tipeze chomera chokongola, kokwanira kuti tipereke zakudya ndi zakudya ndi chinyezi. 
Microclimate ya Datura
Ndi chomera chokondweretsa kwambiri, choncho chifukwa chokhazikika iwo amatenga malo otseguka, dzuwa, osakhala ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Chomeracho sichikumera kamodzi ka mbewu (mpaka 95%), omwe amamera mofulumira ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mbewu ingamere pakatha sabata imodzi kapena ziwiri, ngati kutentha kumafika ku 25% +28 ° C. Bzalani kunja kasupe: pansi poyera mu May, chifukwa mbande - kumapeto kwa February - oyambirira March.
Ndikofunikira! Musaiwale kuti Datura ndi chomera chakupha, choncho alibe malo pafupi ndi masewera ndi malo omwe ana amakhala nawo nthawi zambiri.
Dothi la kukula kwa dope
Datura amakonda malo osasunthika, ophwima, onyansa, omwe amapezeka mu feteleza. Nthaka yosakaniza ndi bwino kukolola mu kugwa. Kusakaniza kwa malo osungidwa munda, mchenga wa mtsinje ndi humus mu chiŵerengero cha 2: 1: 2 ndi koyenera ngati gawo lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amafunika feteleza zina ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza.
Zomwe zimayendera dothi (udzu wa Datura)
Udzu wa Datura uli ndi mbali zina zobzala zomwe ziyenera kulingalira kuti chomera chiziyang'anitsitsa ndi mtundu wake. Datur woyamba amakula bwino kupyolera mu mbande. Pambuyo pake, iyo idzachulukitsa mwa kudzifesa nokha ndipo idzatenga malo ake mmunda wonse.
Kukonzekera kwa kubzala zakuthupi
Mbewu yamera imamera pang'onopang'ono, pafupi masiku 30. Choncho, kuti tifulumizitse ndondomekoyi, m'pofunika kufooketsa zamasamba okwanira masabata awiri m'madzi ozizira osakanikirana ndi kulimbikitsa kulikonse. Mbeu zowonongeka zimatayidwa, ndipo zotsala pansi zimatha kufesedwa.
Momwe mungabzalidwe mbeu pa mbande
Daturus ikhoza kumalidwa m'njira zingapo, zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu. Kubzala pa mbande zomwe zimatulutsidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe m'zitsulo zing'onozing'ono za pulasitiki - makapu, zida za zakudya. Pansi pa thankiyo perekani pepala lochepetsetsa la peat, dothi, kenako mbewu. Kuchokera mmwamba ndi bwino kuphimba nyembazo ndi mchere wochepa thupi wa kompositi, kuwaza ndi phulusa ndi kuphimba ndi galasi. Mphukira zoyamba zimakula mosiyana pambuyo pa masiku 10-12, ena onse amatha mwezi umodzi. Mbande ziyenera kusunga chinyezi moyenera nthawi zonse ndi kupereka kuwala kokwanira.
Zomwe zimayendera malo otseguka
Datura ndi chomera chokonda kutentha chomwe chimamwalira pamene kutentha kumagwa pansipa + 8 ... + madigiri 10, choncho amamera kumapeto kwa kasupe. Pakatikati kapena kumapeto kwa Meyi kuli koyenerera mwamsanga pamene dziko lapansi liphulika mpaka +16 ° C. Pofuna kutsika, m'pofunika kukonzekera maenje olowera pamtunda wa 60-70 masentimita komanso pafupifupi 50 masentimita. Datura amakonda malo otseguka, kotero uyenera kuyendetsa mtunda wa mamita 1 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake, osati mozama kwambiri (osapitirira 10 cm). Mutabzala mbande muyenera kumwa madzi.
Datura: kusuta mbande
Datura ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, kotero musanayambe kubzala mu miphika yosiyana, simukusowa kusankha. Mukadzala mmera chomera, pangani masamba awiri. Mbande zimakhala pamtunda wosiyana, pang'ono m'manda (osaposa 1 masentimita). Ngati mbande yawonongeka ndi "mwendo wakuda", mutha kusankha pachigawo choyambirira, komabe mtengo wa mbeu umachepa.
Malamulo oti asamalire m'munda wamaluwa
Chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake datura safuna chisamaliro chapadera. Kukula kwake kwabwino kumangokhala kotayirira, nthaka yowonjezera, kudulira ndi kuthirira kwambiri, kumene maluwa a zomera amadalira.
Momwe mungamwetsera datur
Datura imafuna kuthirira tsiku lililonse, ndipo ngati nyengo yowuma ndi yotentha, muyenera kumwa madzi tsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene mukukula zomera m'nyumba, m'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa kufika 1 nthawi pa sabata. Pomwe alibe chinyezi, datur amataya masamba, maluwa, ndi masamba. Kuthirira ndibwino ndi madzi olimba. Amakonda chomera ndi kupopera mankhwala mobwerezabwereza, makamaka madzulo otentha, nyengo ya chilimwe.
Zofunikira zoyenera kudya
Chomeracho chimafuna kudyetsa kudya, makamaka pa nthawi ya chitukuko. Panthawiyi, mukuyenera kupanga mlungu uliwonse kupanga mchere wambiri ndi feteleza. M'nyengo yozizira, pamene chomera chimabwera kumalo opumulira, kudyetsa kwaimitsidwa. Ngati datura imakula pa dothi lokhazikika, liyenera kuthiriridwa kamodzi ndi nyengo ndi mkaka wa laimu: 1 g wa laimu pa 1 l madzi.
Momwe mungakonzere chomera
Chimodzi mwa zofunikira kuti kukula bwino kwa dothi monga osatha kulikudulira. Maluwa a Datura amapanga kokha pa mphukira zazing'ono, kotero kuti chomera sichimatha kuphuka, mukufunika kuti nthawi zonse mutenge maluwa ouma, kusiya zipatso za mbewuzo. Mbewu ikhoza kutha, matumba apadera amaikidwa mabokosi. Mu September, mutatha maluwa, muyenera kupanga korona, kudula mosamala nthambi za zomera.
Wintering Datura
Datur samakhala nyengo yozizira kumalo otseguka, choncho, atatha kudulira, chomeracho chimakumbidwa, kuikidwa mu miphika yowonjezera ndikuyika mu chipinda. Kuti nyengo ya wintering ikhale yabwino, chipinda chosungiramo nthawi ya 15 ... +17 ° C chikufunika. M'nyengo yozizira, zomera zimataya masamba ake onse ndikupanga mphukira zatsopano ndi masamba. Kumapeto kwa nyengo muyenera kukonkhanitsa nthambi zatsopano, zomwe zimapereka zipatso zabwino zomwe zidzakhazikika mwamsanga. Pambuyo pake, mizu yodula mizu ya Datura ndi yabwino kwambiri yobzala, yomwe imakhala yotsutsana kwambiri kuposa chomera cha mayi. Choncho, mkatikatikati mwa latitudes, datur ndi bwino kulima ngati chaka.
Ankalumikiza datura
Datur imayambitsidwa ndi cuttings ya 10-20 masentimita, omwe mwamsanga imachokera m'madzi, kuwala gawo kapena sphagnum moss. The cuttings akhoza kukhala imodzi, awiri kapena angapo internodes, kudula ayenera kupangidwa pansi pa mfundo, kuchotsa theka la masamba. Pozengereza kugwa, mitengoyi iyenera kukhala yozizira mu chipinda, ndi kuyamba kwa kasupe, pamene nthaka ikuwombera mokwanira, iwo amaikidwa pamtunda. Mukhoza kudula cuttings mu April, pambuyo kudulira uterine zomera, wintering m'nyumba, ndiye wamkulu datur pachimake yomweyo chilimwe.
Matenda aakulu ndi matenda omera
Chomeracho chingathe kulimbana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, komanso nyemba zophimba mapiko ndi zofiira. Pakati pa matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku datura, amatha kuzindikira kuti imvi yowola. Pofuna kuthana ndi tizirombozi tiyenera kuthana ndi mbeu "Apollo" kapena "Actofit" pa kutentha kwa mpweya pafupifupi 18 ... +20 ° C. Sikovomerezeka kusakaniza mankhwalawa ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo. Mankhwala awa amatha kufala maola 8 mpaka 14, ndipo pa tsiku lachitatu pambuyo pa chithandizo, awonongedwa kwathunthu.
Palibe maluwa omwe ali ndi zifukwa zambiri zotsutsana monga datur, choncho, musanayambe kukula, m'pofunika kuganizira malo abwino oti mubzala kuti chomera chikhozenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kukondweretsa.
