Mphesa zomwe zimakula mumapiri a Russia ndi nyengo yochepa ndi nyengo yozizira ziyenera kukhala zosagonjetsa chisanu, kupirira ndi kucha.
Makhalidwe onsewa ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Chinsinsi cha Sharov". Alimi ambiri amalota kuti awatenge. Pambuyo pake, zosiyanasiyana, mwazinthu zina, ndizodzichepetsa komanso zimapereka zokolola.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Mphesa yamphesa "Chinsinsi cha Sharov" chinayamba kulimbidwa posachedwa - zaka pafupifupi 40 zapitazo. Ogwiritsira ntchito vinyo nthawi yomweyo ankayamikira mitundu yatsopanoyi, yokhala ndi kukoma kwabwino komanso yosavuta yozizira.
Amakonda kwambiri kumpoto. "Chinsinsi cha Sharov" chingatanthauzidwe kuti ndizosiyana siyana. Vinyo wabwino kwambiri wopangidwa ndi nyumba ndi timadziti zokoma amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipatso zake zokoma ndi zosangalatsa.
Mitundu ya chilengedwe chonse ndi Supaga, Alexander ndi Krasa Balki.
Mphesa Chinsinsi cha Sharov: kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana
Mitundu ya zitsamba imakhala ndi mphamvu yokula bwino. Oyambirira kucha mphukira ndi yaitali, woonda ndi kusintha. Pakati pa chilimwe, mpesa umakula kufika mamita atatu. Masamba apakatikati ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mtima ndi asanu-lobed dissected mawonekedwe.
Chokondweretsa White, Viva Hayk ndi Regent ndi chodziwikiratu chifukwa cha mphamvu yawo yabwino yokula.
Magulu ndi apakati kapena aang'ono, osiyana molemera kuchokera 100 mpaka 500 g ndipo mukhale ndi mawonekedwe omasuka ndi ofunda kwambiri. Maluwa a mphesa ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, osasowa mitundu ya pollinator.
Mitengo yambiri ya buluu ndi yakuda kwambiri yomwe imakhala yolemera mpaka 3 g imakhala yokutidwa ndi pruine. Amakhala okoma kwambiri ndi yowutsa mudyo, ngati akusungunuka m'kamwa, zamkati. Kukoma kwa chipatso monga kumapangitsa kusintha, kupeza choyamba sitiroberi ndiyeno misozi yambiri.
Mitundu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ndi Romeo, Velika ndi Chokoleti.
Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga mu zipatso ndi pafupifupi 22%. Khungu la zipatso ndi lochepa thupi, koma m'malo mwake. Mu chipatso muli mafupa awiri kapena atatu.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yodabwitsa chifukwa imakhala ndi ubwino wabwino wosunga ndipo ikhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi itatu mutatha kukolola, popanda kutaya maonekedwe ndi kukoma. Mphesa yakuchayo imakhala pa tchire kwa nthawi yaitali. Pankhaniyi, zipatso, kuyanika pang'ono, zimakhala zokoma.
Mutha kufalitsa ndi Aladdin, Bogatyanovskiy ndi Tukay.
Chithunzi
Zithunzi za mphesa "Chinsinsi cha Sharov":
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
"Mystery of Sharov" inalembedwa mu 1972 ndi munthu wochita masewera amodzi ochokera ku mzinda wa Siberia wa Biysk, R. F. Sharov, yemwe ali woyambitsa dongosolo lonse la viticulture kwa kumpoto. Cholinga cha khama la Rostislav Sharov chinali kupanga mphesa zomwe zingathe kulimbana ndi nyengo yozizira ya ku Siberia.
Kuti apeze zosiyanasiyana "Chinsinsi cha Sharov", wokonda zamasamba amagwiritsa ntchito wosakanizidwa ndi chisanu cha Amur, America ndi European mitundu "Far Eastern 60", yemwe ali mtsogoleri mu chisanu chokaniza - imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka -40 ° C.
Sharov wothira mungu "Far East 60" ndi msanganizo wa mungu "Magarach No. 352", "Tukaya" ndi mitundu ina yoyambirira, ndipo zotsatira zake zinayambira Mphesa wapadera "Chinsinsi cha Sharov", kuphatikizapo makhalidwe ofunika monga oyambirira kucha ndi zabwino kwambiri chisanu kukana.
Kukongola kwa kumpoto, Super Extra, Arched ndi Pink Flamingo amasonyeza kwambiri chisanu kukana.
Zosiyana "Chinsinsi cha Sharov" sizinapitile mayesero a boma, koma m'kupita kwanthaŵi adapeza kutchuka kwakukulu pakati pa ogulitsa vinyo. Iye amakondedwa makamaka ndi wamaluwa a kumpoto.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakula bwino ku Russia ambiri - kuchokera ku Kuban kupita ku Siberia, kuchokera ku Far East mpaka kumpoto chakumadzulo.
Zizindikiro
"Chinsinsi cha Sharov" ndi kusakaniza koyambirira kosiyana.
Kukolola kwa zipatso zake kumapsa mu masiku 110 okha kuchokera pa kuyamba kwa Mphukira kutupa. Ndipo pamene mukulima mphesa pansi pa chivundikiro cha filimu, zipatso zimapsa 20 kapena ngakhale masiku 30 kale.
M'madera osiyanasiyana kumabereka chipatso m'masiku oyambirira a August. Pamene burashi yamtundu wokolola sakhala ndi chizoloŵezi cha pea, ndipo zipatsozo zimagonjetsedwa ndi kugwa.
Kukaniza kusokoneza kumadziwikiranso ndi Chisangalalo cha White, Anthony Wamkulu ndi Ayut Pavlovsky.
Mitundu yambiri imatha kupirira kutentha kufika pa -32 ° C popanda pogona. Ku Moscow, iye amawotha mwachikondi pansi pa chisanu popanda kuwonongeka kwa mpesa.
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndi chakuti mizu yake imatha kulimbana ndi kuzizira kwa nthaka m'nyengo yozizira. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga malo osagwirana ndi chisanu chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira-yolimba.
Chinthu chinanso chofunika pa kalasi ndi mphamvu ndi yoonda ndodo. Zimakhala zosasinthasintha kwambiri kuti ngati chimvula chimakhala chosavuta kugwedezeka pansi kuti chisamalidwe popanda mantha ophwanya mpesa.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti m'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, ngakhale nyengo yozizira-mitundu yosiyanasiyana imalimbikitsidwa m'nyengo yozizira kuti ikhale yotsika kuchokera ku trellis ndi yokutidwa ndi udzu, kenako ndi chisanu.
Mitengo ya mphesa imayamba kubala zipatso m'chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu. Kutenga tchire mbewu ayenera pang'onopang'ono. Pa sapling wa zaka chimodzi, ndibwino kuti asiye mpesa umodzi wokha.
Pokhala lokha, limakula nkhuni mofulumira ndipo limapereka zokolola chaka chino. Chaka chotsatira, mutha kuchoka ku two inflorescences ku chitsamba, ndipo zina zonse ziyenera kutulutsidwa, chaka chilichonse kuwonjezeka katundu ku chitsamba ndi zitatu inflorescences.
Kwa baka wamkulu muyenera kuonetsetsa zokolola - osapitirira awiri kapena atatu maburashi osakaniza pa mpesa uliwonse. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kubereka zokolola zabwino ndi kudulira kanthawi kochepa, pamene pali maso awiri kapena atatu pa mpesa.
Mtengo umenewu ndi wofunika kwambiri kumpoto kwa mphesa. Muzochitika za nyengo yochepa yozizira, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mutenge zokolola zabwino popanda kulima mipesa yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsamba chaching'ono chimakhala chosavuta kubisala kuchokera ku chisanu choyaka kwambiri chisanu ndi chisanu.
Tikulimbikitsidwa kukula mphesa dzuwa, losasunthika komanso lotetezedwa ku chiwembu cha mphepo. Ndibwino kusankha malo a chikhalidwe kuchokera kumwera kwa nyumba iliyonse.
Cholinga cha malo abwino oti chodzala chiyenera kutengedwa mozama, chifukwa tchire la mphesa lidzakula ndi kubereka zipatso pa tsambali kwa zaka zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri.
Zosiyana siyana "Chinsinsi cha Sharov" sichimaika zofunikira pa nthaka ndikukula bwino pa nthaka iliyonse. Izi ndi chifukwa mizu yake imakula kufika mamita 10 mozamazomwe zimapatsa chomera kukhala ndi mphamvu zodzipatsa zokhazokha m'thupi ngakhale zovuta. Komabe, mukamadzala tchire za mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mvula yambiri, madontho ndi nthaka ya saline iyenera kupeŵa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Mphesa "Chinsinsi cha Sharov" amakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma makamaka ali pachiopsezo cha mildew - chimodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri a tchire la mphesa.
Pa masamba a chomera chokhudzidwacho, mawanga obiriwira amawoneka a chikasu, omwe amatha kukhala nawo ndi whitish, fluffy mycelium, omwe ali pambali pambali ya tsamba.
Ndi chitukuko cha matendawa, ziwalo zina za mbeu zingasokonezedwe: mphukira, inflorescences, mazira, mazira ndi zipatso zakucha. Zipatso zomwe zafika kukula kwa peyala zimakhala zofiira ndi kuzizira, kukhala zosayenera kuzidya.
Mildew - Imeneyi ndi matenda a fungal, omwe amachititsa kuti nyengo ikhale yotentha ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mvula, kukula ndi utsi. Amakonda nyengo yozizira m'mabwinja a zomera. Pofuna kuteteza mphesa za mtundu wa mildew, choyamba, izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- nthawi yomangiriza ndodo;
- Kupukuta kwa tchire kuti tiwongolere kuyendayenda kwa munda wamphesa;
- Kupalira mmimba nthawi zonse ndi kumasula nthaka, kukumba pakati pa mizere;
- kudulira mphukira, kunyoza, kupukuta masamba;
- Kutentha kumakhudza mbali zina za mpesa ndi kudzala zinyalala.
Zikakhala zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa mildew, munda wamphesa umachitidwa ndi Bordeaux osakaniza ndi mkuwa wokonzekera. Kupopera mbewu koyamba kumachitika musanayambe maluwa, yachiwiri - kutha kwa maluwa, ndi lachitatu - masabata awiri kapena atatu.
Common tizirombo wa mphesa ndi gulu la moths, mphesa pruritus, phylloxera. Njira zothandizira tizilombo:
- Mpesa pruritus Processing zomera zikuchitika malinga ndi nthawi ya matenda. Akagwa ndi tizilombo ta dormancy, tchire timatulutsidwa ndi Nitrafen (3%) kapena Dnock (2%), tisanayambe maluwa ndi Omaitom, titatha maluwa ndi Tiovit Jet kapena colloidal sulfure (1%).
- Phylloxera. Mwatsoka, pakadalibenso njira zothandiza kuteteza mphesa ku tizilombo. Choncho, nkofunika kuti tisabweretse tizilombo m'munda wamphesa pamodzi ndi kubzala. Ndizoopsa kwambiri kupeza mphesa zopangira mphesa m'madera kumene kuli kufalikira kwa phylloxera. Zimalimbikitsidwa kukula mphesa pa chitsa choteteza phylloxero.
- Chowopseza njenjete. Ngati matendawa akuwopsa, munda wamphesawo umachiritsidwa katatu: isanayambe maluwa, kukonzekera kwa "Match", kutha kwa maluwa, kenako patatha masabata awiri kapena atatu - ndi "Macheza" kapena "Kulengeza".
Ndikofunikira - Pakukolola mphesa, mphesa zimatha kupangidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena colloidal sulfure.
Kuwonjezera pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mbalame ndi nyongolotsi zimakonda kudya mphesa. Adani a ntchentche a munda wamphesa adayamba kukumba, ndipo pambuyo pake banja lachilombo limatulutsa, lomwe limadya zipatso zowonongeka kale.
Polimbana ndi mbalame zowopsya, zowomba, zonyezimira ndi zowonjezera ndi zowopsya zoopsa. Komabe, zikhumbo zonsezi zimangokhala ndi kanthawi kochepa - mbalamezi zimayamba kuzizoloŵera.
Njira yothandiza kwambiri imayesedwa kuti imatsutsa ming'oma kapena zitsulo, zowonongeka pamunda wamphesa. Matumba apadera, kuvala magulu a mphesa, omwe ali othandiza polimbana ndi mavu, adadziwonetseranso bwino.
Kuonjezerapo, njira zothetsera mavuwu zikuphatikizapo kuwonongedwa kwa zisala ndi kupachikidwa kwa mchere wokometsetsa m'mphepete mwa munda.
Zosiyanasiyana "Chinsinsi cha Sharov" ndizodzichepetsa kotero kuti ngakhale woyang'anira minda yamaphunziro adzapirira ndi kulima kwake. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kubzala mphesa pamalo abwino, kuzipereka zonse zomwe mukuzifuna ndikuziteteza ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Ndiyeno zokolola za zonunkhira zonunkhira sizidzatenga nthawi yaitali.
Pakati pa odzichepetsa mitundu komanso ofunika kumvetsera kwa Giovanni, Denisovsky ndi Aleshenkin mphatso.
Kanema kakang'ono ka mphesa zodabwitsa "Chinsinsi cha Sharov", wonani pansipa:
