Olima wamasiku ano sali ovuta kusankha okha angwiro osiyanasiyana yamatcheri. Mwinamwake kwa zipatso-kuswana okonda amene amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito chapakati zigawo za Russia - kwambiri "chitumbuwa" gawo la dzikolo, izi zidzakhala Kalasi Dessert Morozova.
Zili ngati kuti chitumbuwa ichi chinalengedwa kuti chikhale ndi moyo mwakhama nyengo yozizira ya ku Russia ndipo mwamsanga mudzaze ndi timadziti, kuti mukondweretse munthu ndi zokolola zake zabwino ndi zokoma. Chabwino, dzina la Mlengi wa zamoyozi ndizodziwika bwino - liri ndi dzina lake lomwe.
Morozova Dessert Cherry - zosiyanasiyana zofotokozera, chipatso chithunzi, wamaluwa wam'munda pamasewero ake ndi katundu pambuyo pake.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Dessert Morozova ndi yosiyana kwambiri. Chaka cha kubadwa kwake ndi 1997.
Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, chikhalidwe cholimbikitsidwa komanso choyesedwa chinalowetsedwa ku Russia State Varietal Register.
Ndipo kuchokera apo, chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake ofunika, imakhala yotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa - akatswiri ndi akatswiri.
Mlembi wa zosiyanasiyana, amene adapereka zachilendo osati moyo wokha, komanso dzina lake, anali wofalitsa wodziwika bwino, wovomerezeka wa sayansi yaulimi ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino pakukula kwa zipatso za miyala, T. Morozova. Dzanja lake lilinso ndi Lebedyanskaya, Tamaris.
Monga ambiri a chitumbuwa ndi chitumbuwa "ntchito", Tamara Vasilievna adalenga Dessert pamaziko a Bungwe lonse la Russian Research Institute of Horticulture ndi Nursery. I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, dera la Tambov).
Pulojekitiyi imadziwika bwino ku Russia ndi kunja kwa dziko lapansi chifukwa cha zochitika zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe cholinga chake chakhala chikulenga zikhalidwe zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zochitika zamakono ndi zachilengedwe.
Ponena za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Dothi Morozova, Vladimirskaya chitumbuwa chosiyanasiyana chinagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko a chilengedwe chake.
Pochita kusankha, mbewu za mitundu ya "kholo" m'madera omwe anafalikira zinachitidwa ndi mankhwalawa ethyleneimine (EI) ndi mutagen.
Mutagen anali pafupifupi 0.1%.
Pambuyo poswana ndikulowa mu zolembera za boma, mitundu yosiyanasiyana idapangidwira kulima kudutsa Central Central Earth region (Russia).
Hope, Lyubskaya, Novella ndi oyenerera kukula m'maderawa.
Kuwonekera kwa chitumbuwa Dessert Morozova
Zizindikiro zowoneka zotsatirazi zimapezeka mu Morozova Cherry Dessert:
Mtengo
Amadziwika bwino wamtali wamkati (nthawi zina kumsika kapena kupitirira kuposa kutalika kwa kutalika kwake). Makungwa a mitengo amaphimba makungwa a hue wofiira.
Korona, nthambi. Korona ndi yokwanira mokwanira, yopangidwa ndizitali, kufalitsa nthambi zomwe zimakhala ndi makungwa ofiira. Monga lamulo, ili ndi mawonekedwe pafupi ndi mawonekedwe a mpira. Kawirikawiri muli masamba ang'onoang'ono (tsamba lamasamba). Zizindikiro zomwezo zimasonyezanso ndi Griot ya Moscow, Lebedyanskaya ndi Morozovka.
Akuwombera. Mphukira yamtunduwu ndi yobiriwira. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono mphodza amapangidwa pamwamba.
Maluwawo ali ndi mawonekedwe ovoid, omwe amachoka pamwamba pa mphukira. Fruiting imapezeka ponseponse m'magulu a maluwa komanso pazigawo za pachaka (kumapeto kwake).
Masamba. Dessert Morozova masamba omwe ali ndi kuwala kobiriwira. Kukula kwachizoloŵezi cha tsamba la chitumbuwachi ndiposa oposa. Chithunzichi ndi obovoid.
Tsamba losabala masamba limakhala losalala mpaka pamtunda. Pamphepete mwa pepala, mabomba a biconorigular amachitika. Pansi pake mukhoza kuwona 1-2 glands zofiira.
Masamba amawasungira petioles a sing'anga makulidwe. Pa petioles pali glands wofiira.
Inflorescences Pa mtengo mu April mu mawonekedwe a maluwa pachimake waukulu kukula woyera maluwa. Nkhuta zimangidwe. Tsankho la pistil ndi stamens liri ndi mapiri osiyana.
Zipatso
Round, zazikulu kwambiri ndi zazikulu zamatcheri (pafupifupi kulemera kwa zipatso mkati mwa 4.7-5.0 g) m'munsi iwo ali ndi phokoso lalikulu kwambiri ndi pamwamba ndi zomveka zomveka. Pa mimba ya zipatso zimakhala zosaoneka bwinobwino.
Tsamba ndi lofiira kwambiri, pali pang'ono pang'onopang'ono.
Thupi la mtundu wofiira womwewo silimasiyana mosiyana kwambiri, pali madzi ambiri mmenemo.
Mkati mwa chipatsocho, fupa lopangidwa ndi sing'anga, lomwe linasungidwa limabisika, lomwe limakhala losiyana kwambiri ndi zamkati. Mabulosiwa amawasunga pa nthambi pogwiritsa ntchito phesi lalitali.
Pakati pa mabulosi ndi mphukira zakuda pali kupatukana kwachitsulo. Komanso mufotokozedwe ka mtundu wa mchere wotchedwa Morozova ndi chithunzi cha chipatso.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Chozizira cha Winterhardy Dessert Morozovamonga kalasi ya msinkhu womwewo akutanthauza ndidzidzimwini wokhala ndi umuna. Malingana ndi kuthekera kwake kwa manyowa ndi mungu wake, gawoli limakhala pakati pa pakati pa kudzikonda ndi zozizwitsa.
Kugwirizana kotereku kumatanthauza chikhalidwe cha funso kupyolera mwazomwe zimayambitsa zamoyo zimatha kumangiriza 7 mpaka 20% ya zipatso zonse.
Choncho, kuti athe kuwombera zipatso zabwino, Morozova Dessert Cherry imafuna mitengo yowonjezera mungu yochokera kunja.
Njira zabwino kwambiri pano ndizo "Griot Rossoshansky", "Griot Ostheims", "Wophunzira", "Vladimirskaya".
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kudula ndi njira yabwino yoswana. Njira yotereyi muzochitika zina amapereka 70-75% rooting ya Dessert Morozova.
Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, Vladimirskaya chitumbuwa chimatengedwa kuti ndibwino kwambiri (mtengo umene mitengoyi imabzalidwa).
Malingana ndi muyezo, Dessert, monga Podbelskaya, yakucha msanga. Kukolola nyengo ya nyengo yozizira imachotsedwa m'zaka khumi zoyambirira za June. Komabe, chiwerengero chokwanira cha zokolola zokoma chikhoza kuyembekezedwa kokha 3-4 zaka mutabzala izi zosiyanasiyana.
Pa siteji yakupsa kwathunthu, chipatso chimakwaniritsa zenizeni za dzina lake. Yamakiti sikuti amaoneka wokongola kwambiri, komanso amakoma kwambiri.
Kutchulidwa kokoma kukoma kwa chipatso kumadziwika ndi zofewa zolemba mapuloteni, ndi kuwala ndi kokondweretsa kwambiri kozizira (Dessert Morozova yamatcheri amachepetsa kwambiri acidity). Zosiyanasiyana Volochaevka, Zhukovskaya ndi Lebedyanskaya ali okoma kukoma.
Mchere wotchedwa Morozova:
| Kupanga | Chiwerengero cha |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 12,78% |
| Zotsatira | 0,90% |
| Ascorbic acid | 10.0 mg / 100 g |
Mtengo amabala zipatso chaka chilichonse. Kututa kuli zabwino transportabilityzomwe zimapangitsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kukhala yosangalatsa ponena za kugulitsa m'misika yaulimi.
Monga alimi a Michurinsk, dziko lakwawo la Dessert Morozova, Kupereka kwa chitumbuwachi kumafika pafupifupi 55-70 olemera pa hekitala (35 makilogalamu a mtengo umodzi).
Pakati pa apamwamba-ololera mitundu ofunika kulabadira mitundu Turgenevka, Ural Ruby ndi Rossoshanskaya wakuda.
Mtumbuwu siwoneka wokongola, komanso umathandiza kwambiri thupi la munthu. Icho, makamaka, chiri ndi zokwanira mkuwa wambiri, cobalt, chitsulo - zopanga magazi, kuthandiza ndi kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi. Mitundu ya Chernokorka, Uralskaya Rubinovaya ndi Kharitonovskaya imakhalanso ndi katundu wothandiza.
Kuchotsedwa kwa poizoni wa mankhwala a nitrogenous "oyenera" pectins omwe ali ndi chitumbuwa zipatso. Zochita zogwiritsira ntchito mabakiteriyoni zimapezeka mu Dessert Pulp.
Komanso, Cherry ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali. Mukatha kudya, chilakolako chimakula bwino, Matenda a mapuloteni ndi mafuta amakula bwino, m'mimba zimagwira ntchito. Potsirizira pake, zipatso za mtengo wa chitumbuwa zimachotsa ludzu lawo mwangwiro.
Chithunzi
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Musanayambe kubzala pulasitiki, m'pofunika kukonzekera bwino malo amtundu wam'tsogolo, ndikupatsanso malo omwe angakhalepo.
Makamaka, kwa Dessert Morozova zitsanzo, ndi bwino kusankha chiwembu kukula kwa mamita 3x3. Pakati pa malo ozungulira, mizu, maziko a chomera chilichonse, ikhoza kukula bwino.
Inde malo okwera malo ayenera kukhala pambali pa dzuŵa.
Ndikofunika kuti pakhale palizithunzi zochepa monga momwe zingathere, mphepo, ndi madzi pansi sizibwera pafupi kwambiri ndi dziko lapansi. (palibe pafupi kuposa 1.5-1 m).
Muyeneranso kumvetsera khalidwe la nthaka pa malo obzala.
Iyenera kukhala yopanda ndale (mwa acidity) loam, mchenga kapena mchenga wa mchenga.
Pakati pa malo osungira malo obzala mitengo kukumba dzenje lakuya 40-60 cm ndi awiri a 50-60 masentimita.
Nthaka imachotsedwa ku dzenje sayenera kutayidwa. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi mchere ndi organic fertilizers (humus, humus) chifukwa chotsatira kubzala mbewu.
Pofuna kubzala nyemba mu dzenje lokhazikika, yongolani mizu yake.
Pambuyo podzaza dzenje ndi kusakaniza dothi ndi feteleza pafupi ndi thunthu mkati mwa mpweya wa 40-50 masentimita mokongoletsa njira iliyonse yomwe ili pafupi.
Kuthirira koyamba mwamsanga mutabzala ndi osachepera 3 zidebe zamadzi ozizira ozizira.
Pambuyo pa kuthirira kuthira pansi pa nthaka ya chinyezi Kumwaza ndi 2-inch wosanjikiza wa mulch ku utuchi ndi humus.
Pamene kudulira kawirikawiri kumafupikitsidwa nthambi za korona.
Ngati kudulira kotereku kunyalanyazidwa, ndiye kuti chiwerengero cha nthambi zopanda kanthu chidzawonjezeka kwambiri, chomwe chidzakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa pa zokolola za yamatcheri.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kawirikawiri, zosiyanasiyana Dessert Morozova zimasonyeza kulimbana bwino ndi matenda a fungal.
Komabe ndi matenda aakulu spores wa bowa Sossomusés hiemalis - ndi causative wothandizira matendawa coccomicosis - chitumbuwa ichi chingakhale ndi chiwonetsero chokhazikika ku matenda enawa.
Ndi matenda otere, masamba a mtengo wa chitumbuwa amadzala ndi mawanga ofiira. Posakhalitsa tsamba la tsambali limayamba kufota mofulumira ndipo limagwa nthawi isanakwane. Izi zimayambitsa kufooka kwa mbewu, kutaya mphamvu yodyera mwachizolowezi, ndi kufa msanga.
Kulimbana bwino ndi matenda a fungalini kumasonyeza mitundu Molodezhnaya, Morozovka, Nadezhda ndi Novella.
Ngati mchere wotchedwa Morozova adakali wodwala, Ndikofunika kuyamba mankhwala popanda kutaya nthawi. Kuti muchite izi, munagwira katatu nkhuni processing fungicides.
Nthawi yoyamba mankhwalawa amachitika musanayambe kuphukira, nthawi yachiwiri - kumapeto kwa maluwa, nthawi yachitatu - masabata 2-3 mutatha maluwa.
Kuyambira makoswe zomwe zingawononge makungwa m'nyengo yozizira ndipo nthambi zotsika za chitumbuwa zidzateteza kuyika pansi pa mtengo manda wapadera kapena zinthu zowonjezera.
Zomwe sizili zovuta kuziwona, kubzala, kusamalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda sikusiyana kwambiri ndi momwe zimayendera ndi mitundu ina yamatcheri.
Koma wolima munda ayenera kuchita zonsezi kuti atenge mankhwala omwe ali okoma kwambiri komanso okoma.
