N'zosatheka kulingalira munda wopanda chitumbuwa - chimodzi mwa zipatso zokondedwa kwambiri. M'chaka - uwu ndi mtambo wosakhwima maluwa, ndipo m'chilimwe - zochuluka zokoma zokometsera zipatso.
Mwamwayi, ngati chitumbuwa choyambirira chinaperekedwa kokha apulo mu zokolola, posachedwapa kubereka kwake kwagwera kwambiri. Mitundu yatsopano ndi chiyembekezo chobwezeretsanso zipatso za zipatso zamatchire.
M'nkhani ino, tidzakambirana za mitundu yatsopano ya Novella - chitumbuwa ichi chili ndi mayankho abwino ochokera kwa wamaluwa, chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake, kufotokoza kwathunthu kwa zosiyana ndi chithunzi pamapeto pake.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Novella - wokwera kwambiri, yozizira-yolimba yosiyanasiyana yamatcheri, sing'anga yakucha, chilengedwe chonse.
Mitundu ya mitundu yonse ndi ya Vyanok, Kharitonovskaya ndi Black Large.
Anapezedwa ku Orel pogwiritsa ntchito bungwe la All-Russia Scientific Research Institute for Breeding Fruit Crops kudzera mu Hybridization of Varieties Rossoshanskaya ndi Kutsitsimutsa (ali ndi jini losagwirizana ndi coccomycosis, lopangidwa ndi kudutsa chitumbuwa ndi mbalame chitumbuwa).
Olengeka - asayansi otchuka-obereketsa A. F. Kolesnikova ndi E. N. Dzhigadlo. Mu 2001, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa ya Novella inaphatikizidwa mu Register Register ndipo inalimbikitsa kulima ku Central Black Earth dera.
Mitundu ngati Vavilov, Rovesnitsa, Tamaris ndi Fairy ndi yoyenera kubzala kudera lino.
Kuwoneka kwa chitumbuwa Novella
Ganizirani mosiyana mawonekedwe a mtengo ndi zipatso.
Mtengo
Cherry Novella - uwu ndi mtengo wofiira, pafupifupi mamita atatu pamwamba, ndi chozungulira, chokwera, chokwera korona. Makungwa pa thunthu ndi nthambi za chigoba - bulauni, pa mphukira - bulauni-bulauni.
Impso Zing'onozing'ono (pafupifupi 4mm), zopotoka pang'ono, zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ovoid.
Mapepala matte, zotanuka, zakuda. Maonekedwe awo ndi obovate, okhala ndi chingwe chakuthwa ndi nsonga yozama. Mphepete mwa mapepala okhala ndi mano ochepa oblique.
Pa petiole ndipo pamunsi mwa tsamba ndi chidutswa chimodzi cha chitsulo.
Mu inflorescence wa maluwa anayi. Mphepoyi ndi yaufulu, yoyera. Tsankho la pistil ndi anthers la stamens ali pafupifupi pa msinkhu umodzi.
Zipatsozi zimamangiriridwa pa nthambi zamaluwa ndi mphukira za chaka chatha.
Zipatso
Zipatso za Novels ndi maroon, pafupifupi zakuda. Mimba ya zipatso zakupsa ndi pafupifupi 2 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 5 g. Maonekedwe a yamatcheri ndi ozungulira, pang'ono blunted.
Mwalawo ndi wachikasu, wozungulira, wosiyana kwambiri ndi zamkati. Kulemera kwa thupi sikudutsa 5% ya mabulosi ambiri. Kutalika kwa tsinde ndi 3.8-4 masentimita, mabulosi amachokera mosavuta, malo olekanitsa amakhala otsala pang'ono.
Zipatso zowawasa-lokoma kukoma. Mlingo wa zamkati ndi wamkati, wakuda maroon mtundu, madzi a zipatso ndi mdima wofiira. Zipatso zimanyamula bwino ndipo sizimasokoneza.
Chithunzi
Makhalidwe apamwamba a zosiyanasiyana
Mu Russian nyengo ndi bwino kukula yamatcheri chisanu zosagwira, wodzikonda, wotsutsa matenda. Kusankha bwino mitundu kumathandiza kusunga mbewu ndikupewa mavuto mu chisamaliro. Osapanda nzeru Novella kale adayamba kukondana ndi wamaluwa.
Frost kukakamizidwa amasonyezanso ndi mitundu Lyubskaya, Lebedyanskaya ndi Wopatsa.
Nazi ubwino wake:
- yovuta hardiness
- zokolola zazikulu
- kukana coccomycosis ndi moniliasis
- zipatso zabwino kwambiri
- nthawi yayifupi
- kudzikonda yekha
MFUNDO: Pofuna kukopa njuchi za pollination, 1 tbsp. l Honey amasungunuka mu 1 lita imodzi ya madzi owiritsa ndi sprayed ndi yankho la masamba ndi maluwa.
Popanda mungu wobiriwira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitumbuwa cha Novella imatha kubereka zipatso nthawi zonse. Koma ndi bwino ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mungu imakula m'dera lanu.
Monga timadzi timene timayambira pazinthu zolembera timayenera kwambiri Shokoladnitsa, Vladimirskaya, Griot Ostheims.
Zimamveka Novella m'zaka khumi za May. Kutuluka kumachitika panthawi yomweyo pakati pa mwezi wa July. Mtengo wawung'ono umabwera mozizwitsa m'chaka chachinai.
Mu nyengo yabwino, nyengo yokolola kuchokera mtengo umodzi waukulu uli pafupi makilogalamu 15. Mogwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zamagetsi zamakono izi zosiyanasiyana ndizokhalitsa.
Zina mwa zofooka, m'pofunika kuzindikira ambiri yozizira hardiness wa maluwa. Kubwezeretsa kubwezeretsa kumatha kuletsa wolima mbewu zamtsogolo.
MFUNDO: Kuchepetsa maluwa pansi piritsi lozungulira lazungulirani ndi chisanu ndi chisanu. Nthaka pansi pa korona idzaphwanyidwa nthawi yaitali, zakudya ku mizu zidzabwera mtsogolo, maluwa sadzagwa pansi pa chisanu.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Ganizirani malamulo odzala yamatcheri Novella kupeĊµa zolakwika zomwe zingasokoneze ntchito yonse.
Malo okhala ndi madzi okwera kwambiri amatsutsana: madera otsika, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mapiri. Koma ngati madzi apansi ali pamtunda wa mamita 2.5, ndiye kuti chilimwe chilimwe chidzafunika madzi okwanira.
Chikhalidwe chimenechi chimakhala chovuta kwambiri panthaka. Oyenera kwambiri adzakhala achonde ndi mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi. N'zosatheka kulola kuti thickening ya mitengo yamtengo wapatali.
Kupanda mpweya wabwino kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa chinyezi mu korona, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuchulukana kwa fungal spores. Mtunda wa mamita 3-4 pakati pa mitengo udzakhala wabwino kwambiri.
Zosankha za nthaka kusakaniza:Pamwamba ndi kompositi kapena manyowa ovunda (manyowa atsopano akhoza kutentha mizu!) mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1
topsoil, humus ndi mchenga mu chiĊµerengero cha 0,5: 0,5: 1
Pofuna kukonza fruiting mu dzenje, mukhoza kuwonjezera 1 makilogalamu a miyala yamchere kapena choko, ndikusakaniza ndi nthaka. N'zotheka kuwonjezera mchere wamchere (superphosphate, potaziyamu kloride kapena sulphate, phulusa la nkhuni) pansi pa dzenje, kapena kudyetsa ndi kukula kwa mtengo.
Pakatikati mwa dzenje lodzala kukumba dzenje kukula kwa mizu ndikuika mmera pamenepo. Mizu iyenera kuikidwa momasuka. Pafupi ndi nyembayi yikani mbendera yothandizira.
Mizu ikadzaza ndi dziko lapansi, ikugwedezeza pulasitiki kuti zitsulo zonse zikhale zodzaza pakati pa mizu. Mizu ikaphimbidwa, nthaka imapondaponda mokongoletsa.
Pambuyo pake dziko lapansi liyenera kukhetsedwa bwino kuti zitha kuyanjana ndi mizu ndi nthaka. Pamene chomera pamwamba chimauma - amamasula ndi kuzungulira ndi wosanjikiza dothi louma.
ZOCHITIKA! Kutsika kwakukulu kumatsutsana! Izi zimayambitsa kusowa kwa kukula ndi maganizo oponderezedwa a mtengo.
Chaka choyamba cha bwalo la thunthu liyenera kusungidwa nthawi zonse ndi kumasulidwa nthawi zonse.
Ndibwino kuti tigule mitengo yamakono ya chaka cha 70-80 masentimita mu msinkhu, ndi matabwa okhwima ndi mizu yotukuka.
Ngati mmera uli pamwamba mamita awiri ndi theka, ndipo makungwawo ali obiriwira, amatanthauza kuti amapezeka ndi feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni. Ngakhale mwana wamwamuna wazaka ziwiri za chitumbuwa sayenera kupitirira 110 cm mu msinkhu.
Ngati chodzala ndizovala korona, pitikeni mphukira yapakati ndi nthambi 4-5, zomwe ndifupikitsidwa ndi zitatu.
Mphukira yapakati imadulidwa kuti ikhale masentimita 20 kuposa momwe zimayendera.
Ndipo ngati mmerawo sungagwedezedwe, umadulidwa masentimita 10 pamwamba pa mtengo wopangidwa. Pansi pa malo odulira mitengo, osachepera 5 impso zabwino bwino ayenera kukhala.
Mu April, bwalo lozungulira likugwedeza ndi manyowa ovunda. Mankhwala osakaniza amchere amathira pamwamba pa nthaka ndikuikidwa m'manda.
Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi kumapeto kwa masika, bwalo lapafupi lomwe lapafupi limakumbidwa ndi mafoloko. Pafupifupi masamba onse a mitengo yaying'ono ikupita patsogolo, ndipo mosakayikira amatsogolera ku korona.
Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito kudulira, zidzakuthandizani kuchepa. Choncho, nthambi zonse zamphamvu zikukula mkati mwa korona, kudula. Muyenera kupanga korona kuti musasiye nthambi zoposa 10. Mitengo yamtengo wa chitumbuwa ikhoza kufupikitsidwa popanda mantha.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Novella yogonjetsedwa ndi matenda, omwe amatchedwa "chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa" - coccomicosis ndi moniliasis.
Zizindikiro za moniliosis sizingatheke kukhala ndi mphukira za masamba aang'ono ndi masamba ofiira.
Coccomycosis imapezeka ngati malo pamasamba.
Mwamwayi, Novella amakhudzidwa ndi matendawa kawirikawiri ndi kwanuko. Pozindikira matenda Nthambi zokhudzidwa ziyenera kudulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
Popeza gwero la matenda oyambirira ndi masamba osagwa, pofuna kuwaletsa, ndibwino kuwotcha mpaka kugwa.
Pa nyengo yokula, pofuna kupewa matenda, zomera zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi 1% yothetsera Bordeaux osakaniza kapena 0,3% ya chlorine dioxide (30 g wa mankhwala pa 10 malita a madzi).
Zhukovskaya, Mayak, Malinovka ndi Podbelskaya angadzitamande kwambiri ndi coccomycosis.
Mmodzi mbali ugly zipatso - chizindikiro kuti chitumbuwa amasankhidwa ndi kwambiri chidwi fanaku wa chikhalidwe - chitumbuwa cha cherry - Tizilombo kakang'ono kokhala ndi thunthu lalitali. Iye ali wochenjera kwambiri, pamene munthu ayandikira, nthawi yomweyo amagwera mu udzu.
Zima zimakhala pansi, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo zimakhala ndi mitengo. Idya masamba, masamba, maluwa, masamba, mazira.
Mu wevary weevil amadya mabowo kapena amawadyetsa kwathunthu. Mphutsiyi, kudula m'mabowo m'mapfupa, idyani pamutu.
Njira zolimbana:
- Ndikofunika kusonkhanitsa windfalls tsiku lililonse, ndiye mphutsi sizikhala ndi nthawi yopita pansi.
- Pamene mukukolola pansi pa chidebe muyenera kuvala nsalu, kusiya zipatso za usiku, zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa pansi pa mphutsi kuti ziwonongeke.
- Mafupa a nyamawa amadya yamatcheri ayenera kuwotchedwa.
- Pofuna kuchepetsa anthu odwala tizilombo, m'pofunikira kukumba kumapeto kwa nyengo ndi m'dzinja ndi kumasula thunthu la thunthu masika ndi autumn.
- 1.5 makilogalamu a nsonga za phwetekere kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi ndi kuwiritsa kwa theka la ora. Sungani yankho ndikuwonjezera 40 g sopo, kupsyinjika ndi kupopera mitengo.
- 350 g wa chitsamba chowawa ndi kutsanulira chidebe cha madzi. Limbikirani maola 24, wiritsani kwa theka la ola, kuwonjezera 40 g sopo, kupsyinjika ndi kupopera mitengo.
- Kuwonjezera pa chitumbuwa cha weevil, tizirombo tina timayambanso: chitumbuwa ntchentche, mphukira njenjete, sawflies, trubkoverty. Ndikofunika kulimbana nawo mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo monga mwa malangizo.
Njira zothandizira anthu kuti azisamalira nsalu za chitumbuwa:
Maziko a zipatso zabwino zamasamba a chitumbuwa ndiwo kusankha kolondola kwa mitundu.
Anthu omwe ayesa kale Novella m'minda yawo sadakhumudwitsidwe ndi zotsatira zake.
Ndichisamaliro choyenera, zosiyanasiyana zimapereka zosachepera ndipo zimakondweretsa wamaluwa ndi zokolola zambiri.
