Watermelon ndichikhalidwe chosangalatsa cha melon ambiri omwe amalima, omwe amapereka kukoma kwa chilimwe. Amatha kukulitsa msungwi wamabala. Komabe, chifukwa cha izi sikokwanira kukonzekera malowa ndikuwapatsanso chisamaliro chomera mutabzala: ndikofunikira kusankha bwino ndikukonzekera mbewu zofesa.
Kusankha ndikukonzekera chiwembu ndi dothi lodzala mavwende
Kuti mukulitse mavwende panthaka ndikukolola bwino, muyenera kusamalira posankha malo omwe ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunika izi:
- kukhala bwino;
- Tetezani ku mphepo;
- perekani mbewu pazakudya zofunika.
Kutengera izi, muyenera kudziwa kuti gawo la mavwende liyenera kulandira kuwala kokwanira masana, kutentha ndi kutentha. Ndikwabwino ngati dothi likukonzekera kale: kubzala bedi lamtsogolo ndi manyowa obiriwira, kupanga feteleza ofunikira.
Chiwembu chamtsogolo cha chivwende chivwende chiyenera kukhala chopepuka, chokwanira, chokwanira
Siderata - mbewu zomwe zimakulidwa kuti zizilowetsa m'nthaka, zomwe zimathandizira kusintha kapangidwe kake, zimalemeretsa ndi nayitrogeni ndikuletsa kukula kwa namsongole.
Chofunikira ndi chikhalidwe cham'mbuyomu, i.e., chomwe chidakulidwa pamalopo pamaso pa chivwende. Zomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi anyezi, adyo, kaloti ndi kabichi koyambirira, komanso mbatata ndi tomato. Mphesa (chivwende, zukini, squashi, dzungu, vwende) siziyenera kubzalidwa nthawi zonse pamalo amodzi, popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiziunjikana m'nthaka.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mavwende ndi mavwende ena amafunika dothi lopepuka, lotayirira komanso lachonde. Njira zoyenera kwambiri ngati nthaka ikhale ndi dothi lamchenga kapena mchenga wotsekemera, ndipo feteleza wofunikira organic (humus, kompositi) adzayambitsa kukumba mu kugwa. Zamoyo zimathandizira pa ndowa za ndowa za 2,5 pa 1 mita imodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa ku acidity ya nthaka: chifukwa mavwende, ayenera kukhala osiyanasiyana pH 6-7.
Humus ndi feteleza wabwino kwambiri wokonzekeretsa chiwembu chodzala chivwende
Chapakatikati, bedi la chivwende ndilofunikanso kuthira feteleza ndi mchere wa michere wokumba. Kwa 1 m² mudzafunika:
- 24-35 g ya ammonium sulfate;
- 40-45 g wa superphosphate;
- 15-25 g wa feteleza wa potashi.
Kuphatikiza kwa michere ndi zinthu zachilengedwe kumatha kukulitsa zipatso za chivwende.
Kukonzekera kwa mavwende obzala
Kwa alimi odziwa zambiri sizobisika kuti gawo lofunika pakupeza mbande zabwino komanso zachikondi zimaseweredwa ndi kukonza mbewu kuti zibzalidwe. Njirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri ndipo ili ndi magawo angapo omwe amayenera kuchitidwa motsatizana.
Kusankha kwa Giredi
Mitundu yamamadzi yolima m'munda wanu wamaluwa iyenera kusankhidwa mosamala kwambiri. Ngati mulibe chidziwitso chokwanira pakukula kwa vwende yamtunduwu, ndibwino kupatsa chidwi mitundu yosakanizidwa. Izi ndichifukwa choti amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba poyerekeza ndi mavwende amitundu. Zophatikiza zimadziwika ndi kusasitsa msanga, kukana matenda angapo ndi zovuta zina zachilengedwe.
Pokonzekera kukulitsa mavwende patsamba lanu, muyenera kuyandikira mosamala mitundu yosankhidwa
Sinthani mbewu
Poyerekeza koyamba, kuwerengetsa mbewu sikungawoneke ngati njira yofunika. Ngati tingapenda mwatsatanetsatane, ndiye kuti kumera kwa mbeu ndi kukula kwamera yazitsamba zimadalira mwachindunji. Chilichonse ndichopepuka: mbande zamphamvu ndi zathanzi zimakula bwino, potero zimalepheretsa mbande zofooka. Mukamagawa (kukula) nthangala zazitali, mbande zimakhala zosangalatsa komanso zochulukirapo.
Kuwerengetsa njere kumatanthawuza kuzigawa kukula kwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbande yabwino komanso yambiri
Kutentha mbewu
Njira monga kuwotcha mbewu musanabzike kumakupatsani mwayi wothandizirana munjira zofananira mukubzala. Kuti muchite izi, ikani mbewuzo mumtsuko woyenera ndikudzaza ndi madzi kutentha kwa + 50 ° C. Pakatha theka la ola, madzi amathanso kutulutsidwa.
Kupanga chithandizo
Kukonzekera kwa mavwende kumaphatikizapo kutulutsa matupi awo, mwachitsanzo, disinitness. Nthawi zambiri, olima ndi osamalira maluwa amagwiritsa ntchito manganese pazolinga izi, momwe potaziyamu permanganate amakonzera (yankho la ndende yochepa). Pofuna kukonza thirakiti, manganese pang'ono amawonjezeredwa mumtsuko wawung'ono wokhala ndi madzi. Pambuyo poyambitsa yankho, njere zimanyowetsedwa kwa mphindi 15-20, kenako ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi.
Matendawa amatithandizira kuti achinyamata azitha kudwala matenda kapena kuwonongeka ndi tizirombo.
Kusanthulambe za mavwende mu potaziyamu permanganate kumalola kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiziwonongeka, poteteza chitetezo kubzala
Kumera kwa mbeu
Njira zonse zam'mbuyomu zikamalizidwa, mutha kuyamba kumera mbewuzo. Poyamba, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mbewu za chivwende zisungidwe kwa maola 12 m'njira yothira muzakudya: izi zimachitika kuti zitha kukwaniritsa njere ndi michere, zomwe zithandizira kuti mbewu zikule ndikukula. Masiku ano, mankhwala ambiri amtunduwu amaperekedwa, mwachitsanzo, Kornevin, Zircon, Heteroauxin.
Mbewu zitanyowetsedwa mu chowonjezera chokupatsani, sikuyenera kuchita kuziwotcha ndi madzi mulimonse: kungowuma padzuwa ndikokwanira.
Kumera kwa mavwende kumathandizira kuti mbewu zikhale bwino, ndipo chithandizo chakukula chimadzaza mbewu ndi michere
Asanayambe kuviika mavwende kuti muchepetse peel wandiweyani, amathiridwa ndi madzi otentha kwa mphindi 10. Kenako muyenera kupanga chikwama chachigoba, kupukuta zinthuzo m'magulu angapo, ndikuyika njerezo patali patali. Chikwama chodzala zinthu chimayikidwa mu soti kapena mbale yosaya, mutanyowetsa cheke, pomwe mbewuzo sizifunikira kudzazidwa ndi madzi - ziyenera "kupuma". Pambuyo pake, chidebe chimayikidwa pamalo otentha (pafupifupi + 25 ° C) ndipo chinyezi cha gauze chimawongoleredwa nthawi ndi nthawi: chimanyowa ngati chikufunika.
Kupanga malo abwino a mbewu, chidebe chimatha kuvekedwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki lodulidwa, filimu kapena galasi, motero, zimatha kukhalabe chinyezi kwanthawi yayitali. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti mbewu za mavwende sizimamera msanga. Chifukwa chake, zophukira zoyambirira zimatha kuwoneka patatha sabata limodzi (zimatengera mbewu zamitundu ina, mtundu wawo ndi zomwe zidapangidwa). Tikatsimikizira kuti mbeu yabwino kwambiri, itha kuthandizira kumera kwa mbeuzo ndikuibweretsanso nthawi yomwe idayandidwa m'nthaka. Ngati mbewu sizinanyowe musanabzidwe, ndiye kuti simungathe kudalira kutulutsa mbande mwachangu. Kwa Middle Strip ndi zigawo zakumpoto, njira yolowera ndi kumera ndiyofunikira.
Vidiyo: Kumera kwambeu
Madeti ofesa mbewu za mavwende panthaka
Kubzala mavwende ndizodziwika bwino kwambiri munjira ya mbewu. Nthawi yofesa mbewu zimadalira nyengo komanso nthawi yomwe ikukonzekera kutenga mbewu. Ngati masika afika molawirira ndipo nyengo yatentha, mutha kuyamba kufesa mbewu kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo mpaka pakati pa Juni. Ngati kutentha kwakachedwa, masiku obzala amasinthidwa kumapeto kwa Meyi.
Mukamatera kum'mwera zigawo, mutha kuyamba kugwira ntchito kuyambira pakati pa Epulo, poganiza nyengo. Pakukula kwapakatikati, mavwende amafesedwa ndi nthangala pokhapokha nyengo yofunda ikakhazikitsidwa. Kuti mudziwe nthawi yakubzala mbewu, chisamaliro chikuyenera kulipira kutentha kwa mpweya. Kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa mbande zam'mera kumatchulidwa kuti ndi + 15 ° C. M'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yosasinthika, wamaluwa amakonda masamba mavwende mu mbande. Mbewu pankhaniyi zimabzalidwa theka lachiwiri la Epulo, ndipo mbande zokhwima zimabzalidwa poyera mu Meyi komanso koyambirira kwa June.
Kumera kwa mbeu - nthawi ndi kutsimikizira
Zinthu zobzala zapamwamba ndiye njira yofunika kukolola. Chizindikiro cha mbewu za mavwende ndizomera wawo. Nthawi zambiri, pokonzekera nyengo yotsatira, alimiwo abwereza mbewu za mbewu zosiyanasiyana, pomwe azindikira kuti zina ndizazaka zopitilira chaka chimodzi. Zoyenera kuchita pankhaniyi, kutaya ndikugula zatsopano kapena zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pobzala? Ndikokwanira kudziwa kuti kumera kwa mavwende kumapitilira kwa zaka 6-8.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali njira yofufuzirambembe za mavwende kuti zimere, zomwe ndizoyeneranso kwa agalu ena. Kuti muchite izi, mufunika utuchi wa nkhuni, womwe umathiridwa nthawi zambiri ndi madzi otentha (wokhala ndi theka la ola). Muyenera kukonza chidebe, mwachitsanzo, thireyi kapena bokosi laling'ono, lomwe ladzaza ndi utuchi waiwisi. Mbewuzo zimayikidwa m'mizere ndi mtunda wa masentimita 2-3.Pakati pake pali nyemba za 1-1,5 masentimita. Kenako, mbewuyo imakonkhedwa ndi utuchi ndikukoloweka, ndipo chidebe chimayikidwa pamalo otentha ndi kutentha kwa + 23-27 ° C ndipo kumatuluka kwamera. Kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa kumera, kuwerengera kosavuta kumachitika: ngati 6 mwa 10 mbewuzo zamera, ndiye kuti kumera ndi 60%.
Kubzala bwino mavwende
Nyengo ikakhala yabwino, ndipo mavwende atha kukonzekera, mutha kuyamba kuwabzala panthaka.
Kubzala pati
Popeza mavwende ndi mbewu yomwe imamera bwino kwambiri, panafunika malo ambiri kuti ichikulitse. Chifukwa chake, chitsamba chimakhala bwino ndikukhazikika. Mavwende amabzalidwa panthaka m'njira inayake, monga mwa chiwembu. Mu chiwembu chokhazikika, chomwe chimatchedwa mzere woyamba, mzere kutalikirana ndi 2 m, ndipo mzere 1 mita wobzalidwa mbeu 5-10 pabowo. Pambuyo zikamera, mphukira zolimba zokha ndizotsala, 1 mmera pa mita.
Kubzala mavwende kumaphatikizapo kubzala mbewu mtunda wa 1 mita mu mzere ndi 2 mita pakati pa mizere
Kuphatikiza pa pulogalamu wamba, palinso lalikulu-lalikulu. Poterepa, mtunda pakati pa mabowo ndi nthangala zobzalidwa uzikhala 70-280 cm. Kusiyanaku mtunda kumadalira mitundu yamawonekedwe akulu. Mukabzala mitundu yaying'ono, kusiyana pakati pa zitsime kumatsitsidwa.
Ndikakhala ndi chomera cham'mimba chokhala pakati pa mabowo, mtunda wa 70-280 cm, umapangidwa, kutengera mitundu
Mtunda wautali pakati pa ma keloni amafunika kuti pakhale dzuwa lokwanira. Ndi makonzedwe apafupi, chikhalidwe sichilandira kuchuluka kwa michere.
Kuzama kwa Seeding
Mukabzala mbewu za chivwende panthaka, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuya kwa kubzala. Kukula kwabwino kwa mitundu yaying'ono kumatanthauza kuti ndi 4-6 cm, chifukwa chachikulu-mbewu - 6-8 masentimita. Ngati zinthuzo zobzala ndizakuzika kwambiri, zimavuta kuti zisabowole, zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yamera. Kuphatikiza pazosiyanasiyana, nthaka imakhudzanso kuya kwakuphatikiza. Pa dothi lamchenga, mbewu zimayikidwa ndi masentimita 7-8, pamadothi amchenga - 5-7 cm, pamazenera - 4-5 cm. Madera akumpoto okhala ndi dothi lolemera, mbewu siziyenera kuyikidwa m'manda mozama kuposa 4 cm.
Kuzama kwa mbeu za Watermelon kumadalira mtundu wa dothi ndi mitundu yake
Filimu yoyenera
Ndikothekanso kukula mavwende pansi pa kanema. Njirayi imakulolani kufesa m'mwezi wa March ndipo potero mudzatenge mbewu. Malo okhala pachithunzichi amathandizira kuti muzikhala chinyezi chambiri, chomwe chimachotsa kusowa kwa chinyezi komanso zimathandizira kuti mbewu zizipanga mwachangu. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito filimuyi, pamakhala kutentha kwanyengo komwe kumatsimikizira kuti nyemba zimamera mwachangu.
Pa chiwembu chomwe chakonzedwa kuyambira kugwa, zigawo zimadulidwa ndi mtunda wa 70 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, komwe ogwiritsira ntchito holomo amawagwiritsa ntchito. Kanemayo wophimba ayenera kuphimba zitunda ziwiri nthawi yomweyo, kutalika kwa 1.5 mita kuyenera kukhala kokwanira. 2,5 mamita pakati pa mizere, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti mbewu zikule bwino. Zitsime zimakonzedwa m'mizere yopanda mtunda wa 1 mita kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake ndipo njere zimabzalidwa.
Mukakulitsa mavwende pansi pa filimu ya bowo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizichita monga cheke.
Kukula mavwende okhala ndi filimu yapansi kumakuthandizani kuti mubzale mbewu mu Marichi ndikupezani mbewu yoyambirira
Chiwerengero cha mbewu zofesedwa mchitsime chimodzi chikhoza kukhala chosiyana ndikudalira mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mbewu zamitundu yotsika mtengo zitha kuyikamo mbewu ziwiri zokha. Nthambi zikaoneka, mbewu zofooka zimatsina, kusiya imodzi yophuka mmera. Ngati mitundu yamtengo wapatali imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndiye kuti mbewu imodzi imayikidwa pachitsime chilichonse.
Mutabzala, dothi limasungunuka ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Kuti tichite izi, nkhaniyi imayikidwa pamodzi kutalika kwa mabedi, kukanikiza pansi kuti isatengeke ndi mphepo. Ngati nyengo ndi yotentha, ndiye kuti mphukira zimayenera kuwonekera patatha sabata mutabzala. Popeza mbande zikuyamba kupumula motsutsana ndi filimuyi, ndikofunikira kupanga mipata yozungulira yopanda zipatso.
Pakatha mlungu umodzi chitatuluka, mavwende amatha kusintha chilengedwe. Nthawi imeneyi, mabowo mu filimuyi amaphimbidwa ndi dothi kuti namsongole asamaswe. Pofuna kupewa kuwononga mbande zazing'ono, tumphuka timatulutsa filimuyo, ndikuyika pepala la pulasitiki (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mtsuko), kuwaza ndi nthaka, kuipukuta mopepuka, kenako ndikuchotsa chitetezo. Pambuyo pa njirayi, mavwende amawerengedwa kuti ali okonzekera chitukuko chowonjezereka.
Kanema: mavwende okulira pansi pa kanema
Zoyenera kuchita ngati mavwende mbewu sanaphuke
Nthawi zina wamaluwa amakumana ndi vuto losasangalatsa ngati mbewu za mavwende sizinaphuke. Kodi chingakhale chifukwa chani ndikuwongolera zinthu? Chimodzi mwamavuto akuluakulu chikhoza kukhala mbeu yabwino. Ngati mbeu igulidwa m'sitolo, onetsetsani kuti nthawi yake yatha bwanji. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuyang'ana pamtengo, koma sikuti nthawi zonse chimakhala chizindikiro: kumera kwabwino kumatha kukhala kotsika mtengo komanso kotsika mtengo.
Pogula mbewu za mavwende, ziyenera kulipidwa mpaka tsiku lomwe akupanga, komanso posungira zomwe mwabzala, chekeni kumera
Ngati muli ndi nthangala za mavwende am'mbuyomu osanyamula kapena ngati mwatola zinthu zofunikira kubzala, muyenera kudziwa mbewu zosayenera kufesa. Pa izi, mbewu zimathiridwa mumtsuko ndi madzi ndi zina zomwe zimawoneka pamtunda - kubzala sikumveka.
Zambiri zimapangitsa kumera mbeu:
- digiri yakucha;
- kusonkhanitsa ndi kuyanika;
- malo osungira;
- tsiku lonyamula.
Zinthu zomwe tatchulazi zimatengera, monga lamulo, kwa wopanga mbewu. Komabe, kupambana kwa chochitika chonsecho zimatengera mwachindunji zomwe zidzapangidwe kuti zimere. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ngati njereyo ili yabwino, ndipo chinyezi kapena kutentha sikogwirizana ndi zomwe zikufunika, ndiye kuti sizingatheke. Kuphatikiza apo, mutabzala nthangala zobzyala panthaka ndi kuzizira, zimatha kuchepera kukula kapena kufa.
Kusamaliranso kwa ma watermelon kumera
Mukamakulitsa mavwende panthaka, malo ofunikira amasungika panthaka komanso kuthirira.Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mabowo mukabzala mbewu, mwachitsanzo, ndi zikhomo kuti mizere ioneke ikamasulidwa. Munthawi ya kukula kwa tsamba ndi misempha, kuvala pamwamba kumachitidwa. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito urea (150 g) ndi superphosphate wofanana, komanso mchere wa potaziyamu (50 g) pa 10 m². Kubzala feteleza kumayenera kumayendera limodzi ndi kuthilira kapena mvula.
Kuti kukula kwabwino kwa ana mavwende aang'ono, kuthirira panthaka ndikumasulira nthaka ndikofunikira
Makamaka chidwi chikuyenera kulipidwa kuthirira mukamakula masamba ndi zimayambira, maluwa ndi maonekedwe a thumba losunga mazira. Panthawi yakucha zipatso, m'malo mwake, kuthirira ndikosayenera, chifukwa chinyezi chochulukirapo chimayambitsa mawonekedwe a ming'alu ndi chipatso chowonongeka. Mabedi ammadzi amawothiriridwa ndimadzi ofunda kamodzi pa sabata, koma zochuluka. Kusamalira mavwende kumafunanso kupangidwa kwa chitsamba, chifukwa chotsatira chake zimatha kukhala zazikulu komanso zotsekemera. Poterepa, palibe zipatso zinayi zomwe zatsala pachomera chimodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kutsina mphukira kumachitidwa ndipo masharubu amachotsedwa.
Kanema: Mapangidwe a chivwende panthaka
Chofunika ndikupewa komanso kupewa matenda ndi tizirombo ta mavwende. Tizirombo tofala timaphatikizira kuphukira, ntchentche Ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tapezeka tisanawononge mbewuyo, amathandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, Fitoverm. Pakulimbana ndi tizirombo, pitilizani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, monga Decis, Aktara, Fufanon. Mwa matenda odziwika kwambiri a vwende, anthracnose, powdery mildew, ndi peronosporosis amadziwika. Monga kupewa, colloidal sulfure, Ordan, Khom amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chimodzi mwa tizirombo tambiri ta mavwende ndi ntchentche zophukira, mphutsi zake zomwe zimawononga mizu, nthanga ndi tsinde la mbewu
Zinthu zofunikira kwambiri kubzala, limodzi ndi kukonzekera koyenera kufesa, ndiye chinsinsi chautolo wabwino. Potere, zitheka kupewa kuwononga nthawi, kuwonjezera kumera kwa mbewu ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbewu zikukula komanso kukula.
