Dermatitis yosadziwika ndi imodzi mwa matenda akuluakulu a khungu omwe amapezeka m'gulu la ziweto. Mpaka posachedwa, matendawa ankaonedwa kuti ndi malo, omwe amapezeka ku Africa ndi madera ena apafupi, koma m'zaka zingapo zapitazi, matendawa adatha kufalikiranso ku Eurasia. Pakalipano, matendawa ali pangozi yaikulu kwa ziweto, koma alimi ambiri amachinyalanyaza. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana mosamalitsa zomwe ziri nodular dermatitis, komanso kudziwa njira zazikulu zothetsera vutoli.
Kodi matendawa ndi otani?
Dermatitis yosagwira ntchito kapena yovomerezeka ndi matenda oopsa opatsirana omwe amapezeka m'gulu la ng'ombe ndi zinyama zina. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa dermatitis mu ziweto ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa thupi ndi kachilombo ka HIV. 
Matendawa ndi otheka kwambiri, choncho amafalikira pang'onopang'ono pakati pa zinyama, komanso amakhala ndi zotsatira zoopsa kwa thupi la nyama. Kufa kwa ziweto kuchokera ku zilonda za nodular dermatitis ndi kuyambira 4 mpaka 95%.
Mukudziwa? Mapuloteni a mkaka wa ng'ombe amatha kubweretsa poizoni wambiri, chifukwa chake mankhwalawa ndi bonasi yaulere ya onse ogwira ntchito zoopsa.
Mbiri ya kuzindikira ndi kufalitsa
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu anakumana ndi matendawa a ziweto m'chaka cha 1929 ku South Africa (North Rhodesia) ndi pachilumba cha Madagascar. Panthawiyi, kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kanatuluka kachilombo ka HIV kanatuluka, komwe kunawonedwa ndi akatswiri ambiri achilengedwe monga urticaria wabodza.
Patatha zaka zambiri, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1940, matendawa anadziwika ndi asayansi wa ku Britain Bakstrom monga mndandanda wa matenda omwe amadziwika ndi matenda opatsirana.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, matendawa anayamba kukumana kwambiri ku South Africa makamaka makamaka ku South Africa, Mozambique, Malawi ndi Namibia.
Mu 1960, kuphulika kwa matenda kunafika ku equatorial gawo la continent, komanso North Africa, kumene matendawa anafalikira ku India ndi Romania muzaka makumi angapo chabe. 
Mu 2015, matendawa anafika kumadera a Russian Federation, akuluakulu a matendawa analembedwa ku Chechnya, North Ossetia ndi Dagestan, ndipo mu 2017 ku Tatarstan.
Masiku ano, dermatitis ya nodular imatengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa matenda opatsirana kwambiri a ziweto, komanso ndi vuto lalikulu la kubzala ng'ombe ku Africa ndi madera ozungulira.
Mavitamini, magwero ndi njira za matenda
Chochititsa chachikulu cha nodermatitis ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo ta DNA tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwachidziwitso, iwo akhoza kugawa m'magulu atatu: BLD, Allerton ndi Neethling. Kawirikawiri, ziweto zimakhudzidwa ndi gulu la Neethling la mavairasi omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a tizilombo mbuzi, nkhosa ndi zina.
Chlamydia, brucellosis, imapweteka kwambiri, EMCAR, blutang, leptospirosis, malungo oopsa a chiwindi, aplasmosis, parainfluenza-3, actinomycosis, abscess amatchedwanso matenda opatsirana a ziweto.
Gulu ili la tizilomboli limagonjetsedwa kwambiri ku zinthu zovuta kwambiri komanso zimakhala zothandiza, motero, zimatha kupirira mpaka 3 mpaka nthawi yozizira kwambiri kunja kwa maselo a thupi.
Pamene okhwima, Neethling virions ndi chida chodziimira chokhazikika. Amadziwika ndi chipolopolo chachiwiri, chotsatira cha inclusions, komanso chimbudzi chokhala ndi zamoyo.
Kupititsa patsogolo kachilombo kameneka m'thupi kumapezeka paliponse, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhudza ziwalo ndi machitidwe omwe ali pafupi ndi mapangidwe omwe amapanga thupi (magazi, nyemba, saliva, etc.). 
Amayambitsa matenda - chikhalidwe cha ziweto, makamaka a ku Ulaya. Ng'ombe imodzi yokha yomwe ikudwala masiku 10-14 ikhoza kuthetsa ziweto zonse ndikuyambitsa mliri weniweni.
Maziko akuluakulu a kufalikira kwa matenda ndizo ziweto zodwala zomwe zimakhala ndi matenda aakulu, komanso okhudzidwa ndi odwala.
Vutoli limafalikira kupyolera mwazi kudzera mu tizilombo toyamwa magazi. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kuphulika kwakukulu kwa nodular dermatitis kumalembedwa m'mayiko otentha, komanso madera a kubereka kwa udzudzu ndi udzudzu.
Mukati mwa thupi la tizilombo, kachilombo ka HIV kamapitirirabe mpaka mwezi umodzi, zomwe zimayambitsa kutengeka kwa matendawa mosavuta.
Komanso, matendawa akufalikira mofulumira chifukwa cha zinyama zakutchire. Amatha kuipitsa chakudya, madzi ndi zinthu zozungulira, ndipo amafikira mbalame zina zowuluka.
Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri sizimakhudzidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV kokha, komabe zimakhala zovuta kuthana ndi zinthu zomwe zimawoneka kuti zili kutali kwambiri. Mankhwala ochititsa khungu a nodular dermatitis samasiyana ndi kugonana kapena zofuna zina, choncho zimakhudza ng'ombe iliyonse mofanana. 
Kuonjezera apo, chitukuko cha matendawa sichikhala ndi nyengo yeniyeni kapena yachizolowezi, kotero sikutheka kuthetsa kuphulika kwa matenda masiku ano.
Mukudziwa? Mwambo wa Chihindu kuti ulambire ng'ombe monga nyama yopatulika imachokera ku chikhalidwe cha Vedic kuyambira ku I-II mileniamu BC. er
Nthawi yosakaniza ndi zizindikiro
Zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa ndi mankhwala a causative wothandizira nodular dermatitis amapezeka masiku atatu mpaka 30 kuchokera pa nthawi ya matenda, koma nthawi zambiri matendawa amatha masiku 7-10.
Chithunzi cha chitukuko cha matenda chimadalira chikhalidwe chonse cha zamoyo, choncho ntchito ya matendayo ingadalire kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya chitetezo chotsutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi yotsekemera imatha ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha thupi kwa nyama zodwala mpaka 40 ° C.
Malinga ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa nyama zodwala, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zimapezeka:
- kusowa kwa njala;
- kulakwitsa kobwerezabwereza;
- zimatuluka kuchokera mu mphuno.
Pambuyo pa masiku awiri kutentha kutuluka, nyamayi imakhala ndi mitsempha yozungulira yomwe imakhala pansi pa khungu ndipo imakhala ndi masentimita 0,5 mpaka 7, ndipo imakhala pafupifupi 0,5 cm. 
Chiwerengero cha matendawa chimadalira kukula kwa matendawa, kawirikawiri mawonekedwe ali ndi kufalikira kwakukulu - kuchokera pa khumi ndi angapo mpaka mazana angapo. Nthawi zina minofu yosakanikirana imatha kugwirizana, pameneyi imakhala yowopsya, mabala.
Pambuyo pake (masiku 1-2), khungu limayamba kupatulira pamphepete mwa mitsempha, ndipo kachilombo kakang'ono kakuwoneka pakati pawo - izi zimapangitsa kuti necrosis ya mitsempha ya mitsempha iwonongeke komanso kuoneka kwayomwe imayambira.
Patatha masabata awiri mutatha kutulutsa kachilomboka, mimbayi imasiyanitsidwa kwathunthu ndi thupi, ndipo pamalo pawo palinso chiwindi chakuda, chomwe chimamera ndi matenda a epidermis ndi tsitsi. Ngati kachilomboka kamakhala kovuta, ndiye kuti zilonda zikuwonekera pa tsamba la ma thovu.
Panthawi ya mitsempha yotentha ya lactation imawonekera pa udder. Pankhaniyi, izi zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mkaka wabwino. Zimakhala zobiriwira, zandiweyani, zimapeza zosavuta ndi zonunkhira. Pambuyo Kutentha mkaka umenewu umasanduka wandiweyani gelatinous misa.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kutukusira kwa mitsempha ya ng'ombe yomwe imatchulidwa makamaka m'dera lokhalamo.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati ng ombe zimakhudzidwa ndi nodular dermatitis, matendawa ndi achilendo. Pankhaniyi, mmalo mwa zizindikilo zizindikiro, matendawa amadziwika ndi malungo ndi kutsegula m'mimba (popanda mawonetseredwe ochepa).
Ndi kuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukhalapo kwa chiwopsezo cha matenda ena, matendawa akhoza kuchitika mwamphamvu. 
Pankhaniyi, chinyama chili ndi:
- malungo;
- kusowa kwakukulu kwa njala ndi kulemera;
- mpweya wochepa;
- kupweteketsa m'mimba;
- mitsempha yonse mu thupi, mu mucous membranes amawonekera ngati zilonda zam'mimba ndi mapepala osakaniza a mthunzi wa chikasu. Pakapita nthawi, amayamba kukhala zilonda zambiri;
- zilonda zam'maso ndi kupatsirana m'maso, izi zimayambitsa kuphulika kwa maso, komanso kuwonongeka kwa cornea ndi diso;
- purulent mucus kuchokera pakamwa ndi mphuno.
Kuzindikira matendawa
Matenda a zilonda zakutchire ndi nodular dermatitis amapangidwa pa maziko a:
- kusanthula matenda akuluakulu - chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha matenda ndi kupatsirana kwakukulu komanso kufalikira kwa ziweto;
- zizindikiro zamagulu - kuphatikiza kwa kutentha, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ubwino wa nyama zodwala, komanso kuwonetseredwa kwa mitsempha pamtundu;
- histological maphunziro a mitsempha - m'maselo a matenda osankhidwa, matupi omwe amadziwika amadziwika. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe owongolera ovunda. Kukhalapo kwa pathological inclusions kumatsimikiziridwa chifukwa chodetsedwa ndi selo ndi xanten daye (eosin);
- Kufufuza kwa microbiological - Kutsegula mavairasi ndikutalikirana ndi minofu yomwe imayambitsa mazira kapena nkhosa. Amanena za chidziwitso cha kachilomboka pambuyo pooneka ngati Taurus-inclusions mu matenda a mazira. Onetsetsani mtundu wa matenda chifukwa cha matenda a nyama zowopsa (mbewa, nkhosa, mbuzi, ng'ombe) ndi mawonetseredwe a zizindikiro zawo za matenda;
- kusanthula kusiyana - kugwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso chomwe chapezeka pa maphunziro omwe ali pamwambawa, amasiyanitsa matendawa ndi matenda omwe amachititsa matendawa (urticaria, chifuwa chachikulu, strepto-trichosis, epizootic lymphangitis, demodicosis, nthomba, zotsatira za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timadwala, pambuyo pa katemera).
Kusintha kwa pathological
Dermatitis yodetsa nkhaŵa ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri, panthawi ya chitukuko, kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa kusintha kwakukulu m'thupi la nyama.
Ndikofunikira! Zimakhala zovuta kudziwa matendawa payekha pazigawo zoyamba, kawirikawiri zizindikiro zoyamba zimakhala zovuta ndipo sizikhala ndi chithunzi chowoneka bwino, choncho, ngati choyamba chodandaula cha matendawa chikupezeka ndi nodular dermatitis, muyenera kuonana ndi veterinarian mwamsanga.
Zotsatira zake, ng'ombezo zinati:
- mawonekedwe (pansi pa capsule), mapapo (nthawi zambiri);
- minofu yotupa ndi yotupa, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mavitameni komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ma lymphocytes, eosinophils, maselo a plasma, neutrophils (ndi necrosis);
- Amadzimadzimodzinso m'mimba mwa visceral pleura, turbinate, capsule ya chiwindi ndi nthata, mu minofu yowopsya (pambuyo pa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha);
- edema wa mapapo ndi vuto la kupuma;
- chisokonezo ndi stasis mu glands, nasal passage;
- Kutupa kwa ziphuphu za rennet mucosa, nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zilonda pansi ndi pylorus;
- necrosis ya epidermis ndi mapepala a papillary, m'mphepete mwa zida zowonongeka pali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa nthiti;
- kutuluka kwa maselo ndi maselo a magazi m'mitsempha amawonedwa pansi pa minofu yowonongeka.
Kuwonjezera pa zinyama zakugwa, kusintha kotereku kumapezeka:- zizindikiro za kupinda mkati;
- Kutaya magazi m'magazi a m'matumbo ndi matumbo aang'ono;
- zilonda zamagulu.
Chithandizo
Pakalipano, nodular dermatitis imatha kuchiritsidwa bwino, chifukwa izi zimagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ovuta kwambiri, omwe amadziwika ndi zamoyo zamtundu wankhanza komanso zovuta zambiri.
Zina mwazozidziwika kwambiri ndi mankhwala awa:
- "Biferon-B" - ndi chisakanizo cha bovine interferon alpha-2 ndi gamma. Zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa zimakhala zolimba, choncho "Biferon-B" sichidziwika ndi mphamvu zokha, komanso ndi zotsatira zamuyaya pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Lowani mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito jekeseni kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Nyama zolemera makilogalamu 100 a mankhwala zikuwonetsedwa 1 nthawi pa tsiku, ndi kuwerengera kwa 1 ml / 10 kg kulemera. Ng'ombe yolemera makilogalamu 100 a mankhwala imayendetsedwa nthawi imodzi patsiku la 10-15 ml. Kutalika kwa mankhwala kumadalira mtundu wa thanzi la nyama, koma nthawi zambiri sichidutsa masiku asanu ndi atatu;
- "Gentabiferon-B" - mankhwala osakaniza omwe ali ndi gentamicin sulphate ndi bovine yochulukitsa interferon alpha ndi gamma mtundu. "Gentabiferon-B" imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa jekeseni la m'mimba komanso mwachangu. Nyama zolemera makilogalamu 100 a mankhwala zimaperekedwa 1 nthawi patsiku ndi kuwerengera kwa 1 ml / 10 kg kulemera. Ng'ombe yolemera makilogalamu 100 ya mankhwala imaperekedwa 1 nthawi patsiku, muyeso wa 15-20 ml. Kutalika kwa mankhwala kumatenga masiku awiri mpaka asanu;
- "Enrofloksavetferon-B" - Mankhwalawa ali ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo kuchokera ku gulu la fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin, komanso kachilombo kamene kamatulutsa kachilombo ka alpha. "Enrofloksavetferon-B" imayang'aniridwa ndi jekeseni ya m'mimba ndi chiwerengero cha 1 ml / 10 kg wolemera, ndi nthawi ya maola 24. Kutalika kwa mankhwala kumatenga masiku 3 mpaka 5.
Ngati zilonda zamatenda zimatuluka, khungu la ng'ombe limatulutsidwa ndi mavitamini a antibiotic katatu patsiku, ndipo mafuta opangidwa ndi synthomycin ndi zinc, komanso Vishnevsky liniment, amathandizidwa kwambiri.Ndikofunikira! Zakudya zogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndizofunikira kwambiri osati masiku oyambirira.
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matenda pa njira ya kupuma ndi m'matumbo, pochiza ziweto, njira ina ikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- "Nitoks-200" - gwiritsani ntchito chida monga jekeseni wa m'mimba ndi chiwerengero cha 1 ml / 10 kg ya kulemera kwa nyama. Lowani "Nitoks-200" kamodzi, koma ngati kuli kotheka, mutatha maola 72, bwerezani jekeseni;
- "Tetracycline" - kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlomo, maola 12 kwa masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi awiri (7), ndi kuwerengera kwa zikwi makumi awiri.
- "Oleandomycin" - gwiritsani ntchito mankhwalawa, ndi mawerengedwe a 20 mg / kg ya kulemera kwa nyama katatu patsiku. Kutalika kwa mankhwala kumatenga masiku 5 mpaka 7.
Kupewa ndi katemera wa katemera
Ngakhale kuti zinyama zomwe zadwala ndi nodular dermatitis zimapangitsa kuti chitetezo chitetezedwe ku matendawa, chitetezo chapamwamba komanso chitetezo cha panthaŵi yake ndizofunikira kwambiri osati kuti zithetsere bwino matenda, komanso kuti zisawononge kukula kwa matendawa m'madera akuluakulu. 
Njira zothandizira kwambiri ndi izi:
- kuyendera zinyama nthawi zonse;
- kuvomereza kwaokha anthu odwala;
- Kuletsedwa kuitanitsa ziweto ndi ziweto kuchokera ku zigawo zomwe zingakhale zoopsa;
- mankhwala othandizira matendawa.
Komanso, katemera wa periodic wa ziweto amathandiza kuteteza ku matenda. Kawirikawiri, katemera ovuta kwambiri kapena kukonzekera kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito matenda a SP-143, Isiolo, ndi Kedong omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka nkhosa kamene kamakhala ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito mwana wa nkhosa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu izi.
Zinyama zazing'ono zimatemera katemera kwa nthawi yoyamba ali ndi zaka zitatu, kubwezeretsa kumatenga miyezi 12 iliyonse. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mupange chitetezo champhamvu komanso chokhalitsa kwa anthu onse.
Mukudziwa? Katemera monga njira yothetsera matenda oopsa anagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba mu 1796 ndi dokotala wa ku England Edward Jenner kuti amenyane ndi kachilombo ka nthomba.
Kodi munthu angathe kutenga kachilombo ku ziweto zodwala?
Dermatitis yodetsa ng'ombe sizingakhale zopanda phindu kwa anthu, chifukwa lero sipanakhalepo vuto limodzi lofalitsira kuchokera ku zinyama kupita kwa anthu. 
Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tilumikizane ndi ziweto zodwala palimodzi pokhapokha ngati zotetezedwa, chifukwa munthu akhoza kutenga chithandizo cha madzi omwe ali ndi matenda odwala matenda a chiweto ndipo, chifukwa chake, amachititsa kufalikira kwa matenda m'madera akuluakulu.
Dermatitis yosavomerezeka ndi matenda opatsirana owopsa omwe amapezeka m'gulu la ng'ombe. Ngakhale kuti nthenda yaikulu ya matendawa nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'madera otentha ndi kumadera otentha a Africa, chaka chilichonse kachilombo koyambitsa matenda kamene kamakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Panthaŵiyi, matendawa, mwatsoka, sakhala omvetsetsedwa bwino, kotero kuti tipeŵe zotsatira zofunikira pa thanzi la nyama, nkofunika kuti katemera, mwinamwake nodular dermatitis ikhoza kuwonongeka kwambiri.
