Pasanathe zaka makumi anai za zana zapitazo, mphesa zinkatengedwa kuti ndi zachilendo. Koma tsopano, viticulture yawuka pamtunda watsopano. Tsopano aliyense akhoza kubzala mpesa pamalo awo.
Koma nthawizonse pali vuto, ndi mtundu wanji wosankha? Pambuyo pake, aliyense wa iwo amasiyana ndi wina osati mwa kulawa, komanso muzinthu zina zambiri.
M'nkhaniyi ife tikufotokoza zonse makhalidwe Russian Oyambirira mphesa.
Kufotokozera mitundu Russian oyambirira
Russian yoyambirira imatchula mitundu ya mphesa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti wakula kuti adye mphesayi mwatsopano. Mitengo ya tebulo ndi yosiyana ndi ena ndi kukoma kokoma kwa zipatso, maonekedwe awo okongola, fungo labwino ndi mitundu. Ndiwo a Karmakod, Korinka Russian ndi Lily wa ku Valley.
Kuonjezera apo, ndi mankhwala ochiritsira. Anthu chifukwa cha kuwala kwake kwa caramel kumatchedwa "maswiti" kapena mphesa za ana.
Kuwonekera kwa mphesa
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zokongola kwambiri. Zipatso zake ndizozungulira, zobiriwira zakuda pinki. Kulemera kwa mabulosi amodzi kumakhala magalamu asanu kapena asanu ndi atatu, ndipo gulu limodzi lilemera magalamu 400.
Romeo, Chocolate ndi Taifi ali ndi magulu abwino ndi zipatso.
Bunch of Ali ndi kuchulukitsitsa, pamene masango amakhala pansi pa chitsamba ndikupirira kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Kutalika kwa gulu kumatha kufika masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu. The zamkati mu zipatso crunches, bwino amasonkhanitsa shuga, ali sweetit, wosavuta wowawasa kukoma. Chitsamba cholimba. Masamba ndi osakanikirana, kukula kwake.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Zotsatira ndi kusakanizidwamitundu Shasla North ndi Michurinets. Wolembayo ndi Soviet scientist wa Novocherkassk Ya.I. Potapenko. Anapanga njira yoberekera mphesa zosagonjetsedwa ndi zosabala. Amirkhan, Aladdin ndi Vityaz ali m'manja mwa wofananayo.
Zizindikiro
Monga dzina limatanthawuzira, Russian Early - kukula msinkhu. Nthawi yakucha ndi yofulumira kwambiri, kuyambira masiku 105 mpaka 115, ikubala mu August. Mphesayi imakhala ndi chisanu chabwino kwambiri, ndipo imayima nyengo yozizira mpaka -23 C. Chifukwa cha izi, imapezeka kulima ozizira ku Russia, monga: Far East, Siberia, North-West.
Zowonjezereka, Kukongola kwa Kumpoto, Kukonzekera kumakhala ndizitsutso zowononga chisanu.
Kulima kuli pafupifupi, pafupifupi zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zipatso kuchokera ku chitsamba.
Zaka 4-5 zoyambirira za kukula kwa mphesa, amapititsa nkhuni pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa cha ichi, zokolola zoyamba sizitsitsimutsa m'magawo akulu - pali masango ochepa, zipatso zing'onozing'ono. Kale chitsamba cha mphesa chachikulu chingapereke makilogalamu 25.
Mu pluses a mphesa akhoza kulembedwa kuti iye wodzichepetsa ndi zosavuta kuyeretsa. Mitundu yodzichepetsa ndi yotchuka Aleshenkin dar, Giovanni ndi Denisovsky.
Kwa kubzala, dzenje likufufuzidwa pafupi theka la mamita chakuya, ndipo ilo limagwera pa kugwa. Mphesa ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse kuti zipatso zisapunthwe ndipo motero sizinakope kukopa.
Kudulira ndibwino kuti uchite mapepala, koma ochepa amavomerezedwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito kudulira, chidwi chenicheni chiyenera kuperekedwa kuti chiwonjezere kukula kwa thunthu. Chifukwa cha ichi, kukoma kwa zipatso kumakula, kukula kwake ndi kukula kwa masango.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Russian yoyambirira imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda otsatirawa:
- Mildew - Matenda omwe amakhudza malo onse ofiira a mphesa.
- Grey kuvunda - matenda, kuwononga kwambiri mbewu. Kuphulika kwa imvi zowola kumawathandiza nyengo yachisanu.
- Oidium - Matenda okhudza zipatso ndi masamba obiriwira.
- Ndiponso, Russian Yoyambirira imakhala yosagonjetsedwa nkhupakupa.
Matenda owopsa komanso owopsa omwe alibe chitetezo chokwanira - Phylloxera (aphid-queen). Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timawononga mizu ku mizu. Pang'onopang'ono, mphesa imachepetsa zokolola, ndipo patapita zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ndikufa.
Kodi kuthana ndi phylloxera?
- Chomera mphesa pa dothi la mchenga.
- Chigumula chimakwera ndi madzi kwa masiku atatu kapena anai.
- Kuwononga tchire kale.
- Ngati tizilombo timakhala timapepala ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono, masambawo amachoka ndi kuwotcha.
- Mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Fastak, Aktellik, Kinmiks, Fozalon).
Mphamvu ina yowononga yofanana ndi madontho. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti akuopseza kokha kumapeto kwa chilimwe, pamene zokolola zikuchitika. Poyamba, iwo ndi phindu losiyana. Pofuna kuthana ndi zisokonezo pali njira izi:
- Kuwonongedwa kwa dziko lonselo.
M'maŵa, pamene madzuwa sali mumng'oma, fufuzani. Usiku, pamene nyongolotsi zonse zimabwerera ku chisa chawo, sungani madziwo pamadzi opangira mkati. Pambuyo pake, chotsani ndi kuwotcha. - Bomba la Utsi.
Kuchokera ku utsi wa utsi ukugwa pansi, kumene kuli kosavuta kuthyola. Koma samalani, mukufunikira kutetezedwa ku kulira kwawo. - Limbikitsani mavu.
Pangani nyambo pafupi ndi chisa. Ndi bwino kutsanulira poizoni limodzi ndi zakudya zokoma.
Kusokonezeka kwakukulu pakulima mphesa ndi kubweretsa mbalame. Amaluma mphesa ndi kunyamula madzi ake kwa anapiye awo. Pofuna kupewa izi, ndibwino kuti muzitha kuzungulira mipesa ndi maukonde omwe mbalame sizidzasokonezeka, koma zidzakumane ndi chotchinga chosatha.
Pomalizira, ndikufuna kunena kuti Russian Yoyambirira imakhala ndi ubwino kuposa mphesa zina chifukwa cha kukoma kwanu, mosavuta yokonza ndi kucha. Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kumakhalanso kutentha kwa chisanu, kutanthauza kuti akhoza kukula m'madera ambiri kuposa ena.
Russian oyambirira imakhala ndi chitetezo chamtundu wambiri matenda a mphesamonga moldew, oidium, gray gray. Ndipo matenda ena amachitidwa mofanana ndi ena. Mukhoza kuwerenga zambiri za matenda omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati a anthracnose, bacteriosis, chlorosis, rubella ndi kansa ya bakiteriya m'magawo osiyanasiyana a webusaiti yathu.
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