Chaka chilichonse, chifukwa cha ochita zokolola, mitundu yatsopano ya mphesa ikuwonekera. Mitundu yakale yowonjezera imakondweretsa ogula komanso wamaluwa.
Komabe, kuseri kwa zonsezi, mitundu yambiri yakale imatayika, yomwe, ngakhale zofooka zawo zing'onozing'ono, zimadabwitsa vinyo wambiri. Imodzi mwa mitundu iyi ndi Rizamat.
Zolemba zosiyanasiyana za Rizamat
Ndi zophika mphesa zosiyanasiyana, adalumikizidwa ku Research Institute of Uzbekistan podutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Parkent ndi Katta-Kurgan.
Amatchedwa kulemekeza Mlengi Rizamata Musamuhamedova. Ndi mbali ya kummawa kwa chigawo cha European species. Kukoma ndi maonekedwe amaoneka mosiyana kwambiri ndi "makolo" awo.
Mitundu yoyambirira ikuphatikizanso Muscat Bely, Kishmish 342 ndi Julian.
Sikoyenera kuwasunga, koma kukolola mwamsanga kutatha. Pafupifupi, pansi pa chikhalidwe chokha, zomera zimadutsa nyengo yonse yokula kwa masiku 150.
Mbali yabwino ya mphesa iyi ndi chipatso chake. Izi ndizo zomwe amakonda kwambiri. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi nthawi zambiri zimatenga 50 - 70 makilogalamu a mphesa.
Zokolola zofanana zimasonyezedwa ndi Mphatso ya Magarach, pokumbukira Dombkovska ndi Mphatso ya Zaporozhye.
Ndipo ngati kumbuyo kwake chisamaliro choyenera ndipo kukula, chipatso chidzakondwera ndi kukoma kwakukulu ndi mawonekedwe. Mphesa zimakhala ndi mnofu wambiri wambiri, shuga m'dera la 18-25%, acidity 5-6 g / l. Zokwanira za mphukira ziri pafupifupi 50%, katundu pa chitsamba ndi maso 35-40 pamene akudulira. Zipatso za ndodo ziyenera kudulidwa mpaka 15 - 20 maso.
Komabe, pali mitundu ndi makhalidwe oipa. Ambiri ndi osauka chisanu chotsutsa (15 - 18 ° C) komanso otsika kwa asidi. Ndi kusintha kwakukulu mu dothi la nthaka, zipatso zimatha kutha msanga kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zofooka izi, mphesa zimafuna kudalirika ndi kusamalidwa kawirikawiri.
Rizamat sagwirizana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina ndipo motero sabala ndi katemera.
Kuwonekera kwa mphesa
Mitengo lalikulu kwambiri ndipo zimafuna mamita 10 a malo omasuka, koma izi zimalipidwa ndi chuma chochuluka.
Mapepala zazikulu, zazifupi ndi zisanu. Mabungwe maluwa, nthambi komanso zazikulu (akhoza kulemera makilogalamu 3). Zipatsozo zimakhala zazikulu, zozungulira, zolemera mpaka 15 g.
Mtundu pinki, mbali yomwe ikukumana ndi dzuwa nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mtundu wambiri. Khungu la khungu ndi laling'ono ndipo limaphimbidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa sera. Komabe, izi sizimakhudza kukoma, komanso mafupa, omwe ali pafupi ndi chipatso.
Kawirikawiri, maonekedwe ooneka bwino ndi kukoma kwake ndi ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana.
Chithunzi
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Ambiri ogulitsa vinyo amanyalanyaza kukula kwakukulu tchire Rizamata, yomwe imayambitsa mavuto aakulu.
Choyambirira pasanafike, posankha mpando, malo osadulika a chitsamba. Izi zikutsatiraninso kuti kubzala kamodzi ndi koyenera kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana, kutali ndi mitundu ina.
Ngati njirayi sizingatheke, ndiye imbulani zovuta kwambiri, kuchoka pafupi mamita 6 kuchokera ku tchire lina. Mukakhala pafupi ndi nyumbayi, pitani kumalo osachepera mita imodzi. Kudyetsa bwino kumbali ya kumwera kapena kumwera-kumadzulo kwa nyumba.
Pankhani yosankha nthawi, ndiye kuti pali njira ziwiri, ndipo aliyense ali ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake.
Spring chomera zabwino kuyambira kumapeto kwa March mpaka kumayambiriro kwa June. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene mbande sizingayambe mizu, zimadalira kwambiri chinyezi ndi chitetezo. Komabe, kulimbikitsidwa bwino, chitsamba chidzatha kukonzekera bwino chisanu cha chisanu.
Kudyetsa kwadzinja ndi bwino kuthera pakati pa mwezi wa October, pamene sapling yafika nthawi yopumula ndipo nyengo sizizira kwambiri. Kubzala mu kugwa kudzapereka nthaka yowonjezera kwambiri komanso kuthetsa kufunika kwa madzi okwanira poyerekeza ndi kasupe. Ndipo popeza m'nyengo yozizira chipatso sichikula, izi zidzateteza chikhalidwe cha mbeu mpaka masika.
Kawirikawiri, pali angapo malangizo othandiza chifukwa cha chisamaliro cha Rizamat:
- Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthirira mphesa isanayambe maluwa komanso kupanga mapulogalamu m'manja;
- Osati kutsanulira madzi mwachindunji pansi pa shrub, kukumba ming'onoting'ono yazing'ono, yomwe imayikidwa m'manda ndi kuimika;
- Ufulu kumera mphesa ndi zakudya ndi potaziyamu phosphate zinthu;
- Musaiwale za kudula chitsamba ndi kuthetsa masitepe;
- Musadane ndi kubisa tchire m'nyengo yozizira, chifukwa chimfine chidzapha mosavuta zomera izi.
Chitetezo cha matenda
Chinthu china chofunika kukula bwino mphesa ndi chitetezo chake ku tizirombo ndi matenda.
Njira yabwino komanso yotetezera chitetezo cha oidium (komwe Rizamata imakhala ndi mphamvu zolimba) zidzakhala njira zopangira mpweya wabwino wa tchire (garter of shoots, pasynkovanie). Chida chofunikira ndikumenyana ndi namsongole, musalole kuti zikule pamtunda wa mphesa zanu.
Ponena za zipangizo zamatetezo, ndibwino kuti mupange mankhwala othandizira pollination a tchire ndi sulfure powder. Iyi ndi njira yakale kwambiri yomwe ikugwirabe ntchito. Chithandizo cha fungicidal cha zomera chimathandizanso kwambiri.
Iye akugwidwa katatu pa chaka: yoyamba - pamene mphukira imakhala 20 cm m'litali; yachiwiri - nthawi isanakwane maluwa; lachitatu pambuyo pa maluwa, pamene zipatso zimakula kukula kwa mtola. Mwa mankhwala ovomerezeka angathe kusiyanitsa: Horus, Tiovit Jet, Strobe, Topaz.
Musaiwale kuchita zoteteza matenda monga mildew, anthracnose, chlorosis ndi bacteriosis. Sichimapweteka kutenga kanthu pa khansara ya bakiteriya ndi mitundu yovunda yosiyanasiyana.
Pomaliza, tingathe kunena kuti Rizamat - zovuta za mphesa zovuta kwambiri. Kusamalira iye kudzafuna nthawi yambiri ndi khama. Koma chifukwa chogwira ntchito mwakhama, adzabwezeretsa zokolola zabwino kwambiri ndi zokoma. Ndipo pokhala ndi njira zowatetezera, kusamalira zosiyana siyana kwatha kukhala kovuta monga kale.
