Pakati pa zipatso zomera miyendo yamtendere Mtengo wa Apple mmalo ndi mbeu zimatenga malo oyamba.
M'munda uliwonse wa kumbuyo pafupifupi 80% ya kumtunda - uwu ndi mtengo wa apulo.
Phindu la maapulo kwadziwika kale. Mitundu yatsopano ya hybrid ikuwonetsedwa nthawi zonse.
Mmodzi wa mitundu iyi ndi Zima peyala- ndondomeko ndi chithunzi pamapeto pake.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Nyezi yozizira imavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito Moscow, Tambov, Kaliningrad ndi Leningrad.
Zosiyanasiyana ndi nyengo yozizira, chitetezo cha chipatso ndi chabwino.
Zosungidwa bwino mpaka kumapeto kwa kasupe.
Mitengo yachisanu imaphatikizaponso Renet Simirenko, Utes, Fuji, Jubilee ya ku Moscow ndi Lobo.
Fotokozani mitundu Grushovka Zima
Ganizirani mosiyana kufotokozera maonekedwe a mtengo ndi chipatso chomwecho.
Mtengo uli wotsika kwambiri korona wozungulira ndi masamba akulu.
Sizimasiyana ndi chisanu chotsutsa. Fruiting ayamba mu zaka 4-5 mutatha. Kuchita bwino kuli bwino.
Zipatso zili lalikulu, pang'ono elongated, mtundu wa kirimu wotsekemera ndi zilonda za carmine.
Kukoma ndi maapulo okoma komanso owawasa.
Zokolola zabwino ndi kukoma kwakukulu zimasonyezedwanso ndi Bryansk, Marina, Altai Rumyana, Nastya ndi Orlinka mitundu.
Mbiri yobereka
Izi zosiyanasiyana zinakhazikitsidwa mu 1957 wotchuka breeder S.F. Chernenko.
Kalasi yomwe inapezedwa pakudutsa Kronselsky zosaoneka bwino ndi mapeyala a ku Moscow.
Kufalikira kwina sikunalandire chifukwa otsika yozizira hardiness ndi matenda propensity.
Koma, chifukwa cha zokolola zabwino ndi khalidwe, alinso ndi ufulu wokhala m'munda wamaluwa.
Dzanja la yemweyo breeder ndi Rennet Chernenko, July Chernenko, Kandil Orlovsky, Anis Aly ndi Altai Bagryanaya.
Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera
Zima Zotayira - mitundu yosiyanasiyana imamera ku Russia chapakati.
Chifukwa cha chisanu chosasinthika, chimatha kukula madera ena akum'mwera.
Amaperekanso ku Belarus ndi ku Ukraine.
Pereka
Zimasiyana ndi zokolola zambiriza 90-100 makilogalamu. kuchokera ku mtengo. Kololani kumapeto September - October.
Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3 yosungirako, kulawa kuli bwino. Zipatso m'chaka.
Zomera za Grushovka zimakula bwino pafupi ndi ziwalo zake: Anis Striped, Antonovka, Papirovka, Autumn Striped, Chinamoni Striped.
Mpweya wochokera pamtunda yekha apulo ndi maluwa omwewo. Chifukwa chake, maapulo awa akubzala bwino.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Posankha malo odzala, m'pofunika kuganizira za mpumulo, zomangidwe za nthaka, kuya kwa madzi pansi, ndi zina zotero.
Ngati chiwerengero chikukula bwino mapeyala, maoliki, rowan, mapulo ndi lindensndiye ndibwino kukula mtengo wa apulo.
Simungasankhe kubzala zitsulo zotsekedwa.
Izi zingachititse imfa ya apulo kuchokera ku kusefukira kwa madzi ndi kuzizira.
Ndi bwino kusankha malo osabisala, koma otsetsereka.
Nthaka yabwino kwambiri ya mitengo ya apulo ndi sod, sod-podzolic, sod low- ndi medium-podzolic, light loamy ndi mchenga loam.
Osayika minda pamtunda wa mchenga.
Ndi bwino kubzala mbande mu kasupe koma m'dzinjapafupi mwezi umodzi usanayambe chisanu. Koma m'nyengo yachisanu sikoyenera kuchepetsa kuyambika.
Pochita kukonzanso kasupe nthawi, ntchito yonse yokonzekera iyenera kuchitika mu kugwa. Mabowo pansi pa mbande ayenera kukhala ndi mapiri otsetsereka, Masentimita 80-100 cm ndi 50-70 cm chakuya.
Manyowa amaponyedwa m'dzenje 3-4 masiku asanafike. Mu dzenje limodzi lokonzedwa Pangani pafupi makilogalamu 30. humus Pangani manyowa atsopano sayenera kukhala. Penje amapangidwa mu dzenje lakumba kuti mizu ya mtengo ikhoze kuikidwa mmenemo.
Kufika bwino kuli bwino ndi zidutswa za garter mbande. Izi zidzawathandiza kukhazikika pa chiyambi cha kukula ndi chitukuko.
Kuwerengera kumayendetsedwa musanabzala, ndiye mtengo wa apulo umabzalidwa. Mtengo wa kumpoto wa thunthu umaikidwa pamtengo, kuteteza mmera ku chisanu ndi dzuwa.
Kufika kumakhala kozama, ndi oyendetsa pansi pamphepete mwa dzenje. Mwamsanga atangoyendayenda muzitha kutsanulira 20-30 l. madzi. Atatha kuyamwa mmadzi mulch kompositi ndi humus. Mu nyengo youma, madzi 2-3 nthawi 12-15 masiku.
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, chinyezi chofunika kwambiri cha nthaka ndi chofunikira. ndikuchiyeretsa ndi namsongole nthawi zambiri amasulidwa.
Manyowa sagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi.
Ndi kuyamba kwa chisanu, mitengo ikuluikulu Kutsekedwa kwa spruce kuteteza motsutsana ndi makoswe.
Choyamba kudulira onetsetsani nthambi ndi mapangidwe a thunthu lalikulu.
Kuti muchite izi, dulani nthambi zam'mbali: pamwamba - 1/3 ya kutalika, pansi sikukhudza.
Thunthu lalikulu la Grushovka limadulidwa 30-35 masentimita apamwamba kuposa nthambi zammbali. Kukonza kumachitika m'chaka.
M'chaka chachiwiri, m'nyengo yamasika, spruce imachotsedwa, nthaka imakumba ndipo imamera ndi humus pamtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera pamtengo.
M'chaka iwo amawonjezera nayitrogeni feteleza, mu kugwa - phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza.
Kupaka kwapamwamba kumachitika musanafike maluwa. M'dzinja amakumba mipiringidzo.
Mitengo ya mitengo mpaka zaka zisanu zitayikidwa, ndiye mandimu. Musaiwale za kumangiriza mitengo ikuluikulu m'nyengo yozizira.
M'zaka zotsatira kuvala zovala potaziyamu ndi phosphorus pazaka 3-4, ndi nayitrogeni feteleza - pachaka. Kupanda kupopera mizu kumawonjezera zipatso ndi kukana matenda. Pofunika kupanga kudulira.
Onerani kanema pa momwe mungatetezere mbande ku makoswe.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timaphatikizapo:
- Brown zipatso Tokiti, nkhuku yofiira. Masamba ndi odabwitsa. Pofuna kulimbana ndi nkhupakupa, fufuzani mtengo ndi chamomile kapena kulowetsedwa kwa fodya m'chilimwe. Patapita kanthawi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito karbofos 10%, mutatha maluwa - kukonza sulfure ya colloidal. Nthambi zowonongeka zimadulidwa ndikuwotchedwa.
- Chophimba cha tsamba la Apple. Pochita ndi mphutsi, kupopera kwa phulusa ndi madzi a sopo kumachitika. Munthu wamkulu amachotsedwa ndi utsi wa fodya.
- Pulogalamu ya apulo yobiriwira, apirisi wofiira wa apulo. Mukhoza kumenyana ndi kupopera madzi karbofos, madzi a sopo, kapena kusuta fodya, adyo, singano zapine. Barrel kutsukidwa ndi laimu.
- Mapuloteni a Apple otchedwa shchitovka, njenjete yachangu, njenjete yozizira, masamba, apulo, apulo, apulo, apulo, mapulo. Njira zowononga zimakhala chimodzimodzi: kupopera mbewu, kudulira, kudula nthaka pafupi ndi thunthu ndikupanga mabotolo apadera, kuyera.
Zima zowera, ngakhale pang'ono kuposa Moscow, komanso zowonongeka ndi nkhanambo ndi powdery mildew. Zingasokonezedwenso khansa yowonongeka ndi zowola zipatso.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kupopera mbewu Bordeaux kusakaniza, kuyeretsa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi Kuwonjezera zamkuwa sulfate, panthaŵi yake ntchito ya mchere feteleza, kudulira ndi kuwotcha nthambi zokhudzidwa.
Chinthu chachikulu pakukula mtengo wa apulo ndiko kusamalira bwino (kubzala, kutsirira, kudyetsa ndi kumenyana ndi matenda). Mtengo wa apulo si chikhalidwe chovuta kukula ndipo ndi oyenera kulima wamaluwa.
