Zowonongeka za kukula kwa scorzonera (kaloti zakuda) m'dera lathu

Kaloti wakuda (scorzonera, mbuzi, muzu wokoma) - mtundu wotchuka wa karoti m'mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya ndi Asia. M'dziko lathu, sizodziwikiratu, koma pokhala ndi zifukwa zoyenera, scorcer ikhoza kugwidwa bwino pa chiwembu chake. M'nkhani ino tiona zomwe kaloti zili zakuda, komanso malamulo odzala ndi kukonza omwe ali ofunikira kukula kwa ziphuphu.

Zamkatimu:

• Ntchito yokonzekera musanafike
• Nthawi, kachitidwe ndi kuya kwa mbeu yofesa Scorzoner
• Kulima ndi zothandizira
• Kusamalira dothi
• Feteleza
• Zingatheke ndi kukula
• Kukolola ndi kusunga mbewu

Karoti wakuda, kapena scorzonera: kodi "chozizwitsa" ichi ndi chiyani?

Karoti wakuda ndi zakudya ndi mankhwala chomera. Scorzonera imawoneka ngati karoti wamba wokhala ndi mizu yakuda yokha. Dziko lakwawo la Scorzoner limaonedwa kukhala kum'mwera kwa Europe ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Asia.

Zimayambira pa zomerazo ndi zobiriwira zakuda, zimatha kufika pamtunda wa masentimita 30 mpaka 70. Zimaphuka mu May ndi zokongola zapulorescences zachikasu. Mbewu zipsa mu June. Mizu yokadya imakhala yakuda kwambiri, thupi ndi yowutsa mudyo, yoyera. M'kupita kwa nthawi, chipatsocho chifikira pafupifupi masentimita 15, m'lifupi - mpaka masentimita 5.

Kulemera kwake kwa zipatso imodzi kulemera kufika 150-200 g. Muzu wa mbeu ukhozanso kuusiya pansi pa nyengo yozizira, popeza kale udaphimba nthaka ndi masamba owuma. Kaloti wakuda ndi okoma kwambiri ndipo ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa karoti nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha ichi, scorzonera yapeza ntchito yophika komanso mankhwala. Mukawona Scorzoner mumadabwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Kaloti akhoza kudya mwatsopano, ndipo mukhoza kuphika supu, vinaigrettes, saladi, mbale zazikulu. Kukoma kwatsopano kwa Scorzonera kowawa, kufanana ndi radish wakuda. Muzu wa mbeu umene wapereka ku zophikira, pa zokonda ndi zofanana ndi katsitsumzukwa.

Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kaloti watsopano, ndibwino kuti muziwathira madzi amchere kwa ola limodzi. Izi zimathandiza kuti zisakhale zowawa.

Kaloti wakuda ndi okonzeka kuphika saladi yatsopano pamodzi ndi lalanje kaloti, kabichi, beet. Chowawa kirimu, mayonesi, madzi a mandimu adzakhala abwino ngati kuvala. Scorzonera imatha kuikiranso, yokazinga, yowonongeka, yogwiritsidwa ntchito popenga ndi kuzizira. Zidzakhala bwino msuzi wa nyama kapena masamba.

Zomwe zimapanga zomera zimaphatikizapo zakudya zambiri:

• pectins;
• mkuwa;
• phosphorus;
• chitsulo;
• potaziyamu;
• zitsulo;
• mavitamini A, C, B, PP, E;
• inulin;
• sungani.

Tikuyamikira izi Kaloti wakuda amadziwika ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana:

• bwino;
• kumathandiza kuchepetsa kupanikizika;
• zimathandiza zowona;
• ali ndi zotsatira zotsutsa-zotupa, zotsutsana ndi chifuwa;
• othandiza antioxidant.

Mukudziwa? Ku Middle Ages, Scorzonera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera zotsutsana ndi njoka.

Chifukwa cha insulini yapamwamba kwambiri, kaloti wakuda akulimbikitsidwa kuti aziphatikizidwa mu zakudya kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga. Kuwonjezera apo, scorzonera ili ndi lutein komanso carotene yambiri kuposa kaloti zonyezimira, kotero zimakhala zothandiza kwambiri kuti musunge masomphenya.

Ntchito yokonzekera musanafike

Scorzonera imakonda nthaka yowuma komanso yosamalidwa bwino. Musanadzale kaloti, muyenera kusankha malo abwino ndikukonzekera nthaka. Pakukula zomera zomwe zowunikira m'deralo, zotetezedwa ku mphepo zamphamvu. Kozelets samalola shading.

Malo omwe mbewu zifesedwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa namsongole, masamba a chaka chatha ndi kukumba bwino. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lofewa. Musalole zazikulu mabere, mwinamwake mbewu sizingamere.

Ngati dothi lakhala losavuta, liyenera kusungunuka. Pofuna kuchepetsa kukula kwa mbeu ndikusunga chinyezi, dothi la pamwamba, lomwe lidzawaza mbewu, ndi bwino kuti musanayambe kusakaniza ndi peat kapena utuchi. Musanabzala m'nthaka ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza.

Musanafese, mbewu ziyenera kuthiridwa kwa theka la tsiku. Mbewu zotsekedwa zimachotsedwa, ziri zopanda kanthu ndi zopanda mphamvu. Ndiye tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tisiye zinthu zotsalira pa nsalu yonyowa pokonza ndi kuzigwira kwa masiku angapo, kukhala ndi malo osungunuka a chinyezi. Pambuyo pa masiku angapo, mbeu idzatembenuka ndikukonzekera kufesa. Ndondomekoyi idzapangitsa kuti mbeu imere mwamsanga.

Nthawi, kachitidwe ndi kuya kwa mbeu yofesa Scorzoner

Black karoti mbewu akhoza afesedwa lotseguka pansi mu kasupe ndi chilimwe. Ngati mukufuna kulandira zipatso chaka choyamba, muyenera kubzala kumapeto kwa April. Ngati mukufuna kukulitsa scorcelonera ngati chomera cha biennial, mbewu zimabzalidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa April kufika kumayambiriro kwa August.

Ndikofunikira! Mbewu zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku chomera chaka choyamba cha kukula kwake sizoyenera kufesa. Sizimera bwino ndikupanga mbewu zochepa. Gwiritsani ntchito nyemba zokha zomwe zimapezeka kuchokera ku zomera ziwiri.

Popeza chomeracho chimakhala ndi nyengo yaitali, mbewu zimabzalidwa mofulumira, nthaka ikangoyamba kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira. Ngati kufesa kwachedwa, zipatso zidzakhala zochepa komanso zopanda pake.

Kumadera opanda nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mbewu imatha kufesedwa asanakhale yozizira. Chaka chotsatira, mizu idzayamba kale kuposa nthawi yofesa.

Kubzala kwakukulu kwa mbeu ziyenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita atatu. 15 g ya zokolola zakutenga amatenga 10 lalikulu mamita. Pali njira zinayi zofesera malingaliro awa:

• yopapatiza - 20-30 x 15-20 cm;
• mzere wozungulira - 45 x 15 cm;
• tepi yawiri - (20 + 50) x 20 cm;
• tepi ya mzere anayi (15 + 15 + 15 + 45) x 25 cm.

Mukudziwa? Nthawi yabwino yofesa mbewu ndi masika, ndi chilimwe ndi podzimny kubzala pali ngozi yaikulu kuti kaloti idzakula mu zimayambira, osati muzu. Komabe, m'madera ndi kumapeto kwa autumn frosts, ndi bwino kudzala mbewu m'chilimwe kapena kasupe mu wowonjezera kutentha.

Kulima ndi zothandizira

Scorzonera ndi zomera zosagonjetsedwa ndi nyengo, ndipo kumera kuchokera ku mbewu sikumabweretsa mavuto enaake. Malamulo ofunikira kwambiri kupeza zotsatirapo ndi awa:

• kuthirira;
• nthawi zonse kumasulidwa kwa nthaka;
• mulching;
• kuyeretsa namsongole;
• kumveka pamwamba.

Ndikofunikira! Pamene chodzala chikulumidwa mu chaka choyamba cha kukula, zimayambira maluwa pa zomera zomwe ziyenera kuchotsedwa.

Muzikhalidwe zabwino, mphukira zidzawonekera masiku khumi. Ngati timapepala timene timapanga 2-3 timapanga, mphukira imadutsa pakati, ndikusiya masentimita 15 pakati pawo.Ngati mutatsatira malamulo awa, mukhoza kukolola bwino zipatso zabwino, zokometsera komanso zathanzi.

Kusamalira dothi

Scorzonera imakonda chinyezi, choncho ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali mbewu imayenera kuthiriridwa katatu pa sabata. Zomera zazing'ono zisamamwe madzi ambiri. Pamene mbande ikukula, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumafunika kuwonjezeredwa. Pakatikati pa nyengo yokula, kaloti amamwe madzi kamodzi pa sabata.

Kuwonjezera apo, nkofunika kumasula nthaka nthawi zonse, zimathandiza kuti chinyezi ndi mpweya wabwino zilowe bwino ku mizu ya kaloti. Iyo ikamera kufika masentimita asanu, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhazikike ndi dothi kapena utuchi, izi zidzathandiza kusunga chinyezi kuzungulira chomeracho. Nthaka ya mulch imathiridwa mochepa, koma zambiri. Asanayambe kuyika dothi la mulch kwenikweni amatsukidwa namsongole, amasulidwa ndi kuthirira.

Chinthu chofunikira pa chisamaliro cha chomera ndicho kuyeretsa nthawi yamsongole. Amaphika nthaka, amatha kutenga kaloti, amadya zakudya zam'mnthaka ndikuthandizira kuoneka ngati tizirombo.

Feteleza

Pakuti kukula bwino ikuchitika kawiri kudya kaloti. Nthawi yoyamba feteleza imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene mbande imatuluka, nthawi yachiwiri - ngakhale mwezi wotsatira.

Ndikofunikira! Manyowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino mu mawonekedwe a madzi.

Monga chakudya mungagwiritse ntchito zosakaniza:

• yankho la supuni ya nitrophoska mu malita 7 a madzi;
• yankho la magalasi awiri a phulusa mumatope 7 a madzi;
• mu 7 l wa madzi osakaniza 15 g wa superphosphate ndi urea, 20 g wa potaziyamu nitrate.

Zimathandiza kuyambira pakati pa nyengo yokula ndikuonjezera phulusa loponyera (lita imodzi pa lita khumi za madzi) mukamwe madzi. Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa feteleza yabwino kwambiri ya potashi, yomwe imathandiza kukula kwa kaloti komanso, imapewanso tizirombo.

Samalani ndi feteleza a nitrojeni. Zambiri, zimathandiza kuti matenda a fungal akule bwino. Kupaka zovala kumapangidwa m'mawa kapena madzulo, kuti asatenthe mizu ya chomera.

Zingatheke ndi kukula

Pamene mukukula kaloti, mungakumane ndi mavuto awa:

• chinyezi chochuluka kapena kusowa kwake;
• kukwera;
• matenda opweteka;
• tizirombo.

Pankhani ya chinyezi chochuluka chingayambitse vutoli:

• chotupa chovunda;
• chipatso chosweka;
• kumeta tsitsi la mbewu.

Popanda chinyezi, muzu wa mbeu ndi wopunduka - umakhala wochepa ndipo umayamba kumasula mbali kumatuluka, chipatso cha mtundu umenewu chidzakhala chowawa kwambiri. Mukamabzala ndiwakuda, mbewu zowonjezereka zimakula, zochepa kwambiri komanso zopanda pake.

Matenda omwe amatha kuwononga mbewu yanu ndi awa:

• zowola (zoyera, zouma, imvi, zakuda);
• chithandizo;
• chalcosporosis.

Kuuma, koyera ndi imvi kumawonetseredwa ndi kupangidwa koyera kapena kufiira pamwamba pa mdima woyera kapena maonekedwe a "canon" yoyera panthaka yozungulira mbewu. Njira zogwiritsira ntchito zikuphatikizapo: kumasula nthawi zonse nthaka, kupopera mankhwala ndi kukonzekera zamkuwa. Pogonjetsedwa ndi chomeracho chakuda chakuda, nsonga zapamwamba zimapangika, ndi nthawi yomwe masamba amawoneka ma chikasu.

Polimbana ndi matendawa, chomeracho chimapangidwa ndi "Rovral".

Kuwonekera kwa mawanga a chikasu, omwe pamapeto pake amatembenukira bulauni kapena kutembenuka wakuda, amasonyeza bulawiti la bulawiti, lomwe limapopera kupopera mankhwala omwe amatha kupopera. Cercosporosis imawonetseredwa ndi maonekedwe a imvi pamasamba; chithandizo cha zomera ndi Bordeaux madzi chingathandize kulimbana nacho.

Chomera chakumera chingathe kuonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chomwe chimapezeka kwambiri mwa izi:

• timapepala;
• mole;
• nematodes;
• Medvedka;
• slugs

Kulimbana ndi njenjete, kupopera mbewu mankhwala a decoction pamwamba pa tomato kumathandiza bwino; kuchokera pa tsamba la leafblock, kulowetsedwa kwa sopo yophika zovala. Kuyambira nematodes, kaloti amachiritsidwa ndi Dekaris, ndipo sprayed ndi khumi peresenti mchere njira motsutsana ndi slugs m'munda. Pankhani ya chiwombankhanga m'madzi omwe amakhalamo, mukhoza kutsanulira vinyo wosasa (supuni pa 10 malita a madzi) kapena supuni ziwiri za Lotus ufa zosungunuka mu lita imodzi ya madzi.

Mukudziwa? Agulu akale akukula pafupi, chives kapena phulusa losakanizidwa panthaka amaopseza kwambiri tizirombo.

Kukolola ndi kusunga mbewu

Kukolola kumachitika kumapeto kwa September. Tsiku loyamba kukolola, ndibwino kuti nthaka ikhale yothira pang'ono kuti ikhale yosavuta kutulutsa chipatsocho. Kaloti itachotsedwa pansi, m'pofunikira kugwedeza pansi ndi kudula nsonga pamutu. Kenaka masiku angapo, chipatsocho chauma pansi pa denga.

Musanayambe kusungirako, onetsetsani kuti mukukonzanso chipatso choonongeka. Pakuti nyengo yozizira iyenera kuyimitsa mizu yathanzi kwambiri. Ndibwino kusunga kaloti m'mabokosi omwe ali pansi. Zipatso zimayikidwa mu zigawo, kuziwaza ndi chonyowa mchenga kapena moss. Pofuna kuteteza chipatso kuti chivunda, ndibwino kuti musamalowetse malo osungirako katundu ndi Bordeaux mowa kapena phulusa.

Ndikofunikira! Musasunge zipatso m'madera omwe kutentha kumafikira madigiri oposa 10, kaloti adzataya nthawi ndikuyamba kuvunda.

Scorzonera, molingana ndi kufotokozera, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi karoti yomwe tidziwa ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakuda wa mbewu. Musachite mantha ndi scorcera komanso momwe mungakulire. Njira yobzala ndi kusamalira ndi yofanana ndi kulima kaloti.