Nkhuku, mofanana ndi nkhuku zina zonse, zimakhala ndi matenda opuma.
Zimasamutsidwa mosavuta pakati pa mbalame zodwala ndi zathanzi, kotero obereketsa ayenera kusamalira thanzi lawo.
Chifukwa chofala kwambiri cha chimfine ndi chifuwa cha nkhuku ndi mycoplasmosis.
Mycoplasmosis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuku ngati mthupi lachilendo komanso lopweteka kwambiri la ziwalo zonse zopuma.
Matendawa amafalikira pakati pa nkhuku zowonongeka, kupyolera mumadzi kapena kupyolera mumlengalenga.
Komanso, matendawa amapezeka mofulumira chifukwa cha kuzirala kwakukulu, nkhawa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kusamutsidwa kwa mbalame.
Kodi mycoplasmosis ndi nkhuku ziti?
Mycoplasmosis imakula mofulumira nkhuku zomwe zimatetezedwa ndi matenda ena opatsirana, chifukwa matendawa amakhala ovuta kwambiri ndi mavairasi ena ndi majeremusi.
Za nkhuku zanga zodziwika bwino posachedwapa.
Anthu okhawo odwala matendawa amatha kudziwa chifukwa chenicheni cha matendawa.
Amadziwika ndi kutengeka kwakukulu, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa mbalame zathanzi.
Ali ndi kachilombo kosavuta kwa odwala, ndiyeno amatumiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku mbalame zotsatira.
Kufalikira kwa mycoplasma pa famu imodzi kungayambitse Zowonjezera ndalama kwa mlimi.
Inde, mbalameyo sidzafa mwamsanga, komabe, pofuna chithandizo cha mycoplasmosis, ndalama zonse zidzafunikira kwa nkhuku zonse.
Sikuti nkhuku zokha zimatha kutenga mycoplasmosis, komanso goose, turkeys, ndi abakha. Pachifukwa ichi, matendawa amafalitsidwa mosavuta kuchokera ku atsekwe kupita ku abakha, ku nkhuku kupita ku turkeys, ndi zina zotero.
Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kumangokhala okhaokha pamalo osiyana omwe mankhwala awo amatsatira.
Causative agent
The causative agent wa mycoplasmosis ndi Mycoplasma gallisepticum ndi Mycoplasma synoviae. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zimakhala zosavuta kupha kupuma, kubereka, ndi ziwalo za thupi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke.
Mycoplasma ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachulukana mofulumira m'mazira a nkhuku.
Zochitika ndi zizindikiro
Kuphulika kwa mycoplasmosis kumayambika atagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mbalame zofooka zomwe zili ndi anthu odwala.
Kuonjezera apo, matendawa akhoza kufalikira kupyolera m'madzi otsetsereka.
Pazikhala pali magawo anayi a kufalikira kwa nkhuku pakati pa nkhuku. Gawo loyamba limatchedwa latent.. Amatha masiku 12 mpaka 21. Panthawi imeneyi zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira kuti nkhuku zikudwala ndi matenda alionse.
Gawo lachiwiri limayamba kumapeto kwa woyamba. Amadziwika ndi maonekedwe a zizindikiro zoyambirira za kupuma kwa mycoplasmosis mu 5-10% ya mbalame. Pa siteji yachitatu, nyama zinyama zimatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo chachinayi chimasiyana ndi kuti nkhuku zonse zimakhala zogwira ntchito za mycoplasmosis.
Ngati chiwerengero cha achinyamata chaching'ono chidzawonjezeka, ndiye kuti liwiro la mycoplasma lidzakula. Kawirikawiri, matendawa amafalitsidwa kudzera mwa mazira: kuchokera ku nkhuku yodwala mpaka ku embryo.
Pambuyo pa kumaliza kwa nthawi ya makulitsidwe, miyambo yaing'ono yothandizira, mphuno ndi chifuwa zimalembedwa m'mnyamata. Panthawi yachilakolako chilakolako chikuchepa, choncho mbalame zazing'ono zimataya zonse. Ku nkhuku, kupanga dzira kumagwa.
Pa webusaiti yathu mukhoza kupeza zokhudzana ndi mtundu wosawerengeka wa ophika monga nkhuku za Alsatian.Ngati muli ndi mavuto ndi kuperekera kwa astilba mu kugwa, izi zikhoza kuthetsedwa mosavuta powerenga nsonga zathu apa.
M'matumbo, matenda ndi ofala kwambiri.. Kawirikawiri iwo ndi oyamba kuyamba kuvutika ndi mphuno ndi chifuwa, choncho, monga tambala, wina akhoza kuweruza za momwe gulu lonse la nkhuku limakhalira.
Zosokoneza
Asanasankhe chisamaliro, ziweto zimayenera kudzipatula ndikuzindikiritsa mycoplasma.
Pachifukwa ichi, kumera mwachindunji kumaphatikizapo njira ya smears-imasintha ku mbale ya Petri, yomwe imadzaza ndi agar.
Kenaka, ma antibodies amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira kukhalapo kwa mycoplasmas. Antigeni amayesedwa ndi seramu yapadera, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa mycoplasmosis.
Kawirikawiri, njira yamakono, polymerase chain reaction, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze matenda. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wodwala matenda opatsirana mwamsanga ndikupita kuchipatala.
Chithandizo cha kupuma
Mycoplasmas ndi ovuta kutero monga mankhwala streptomycin, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, spiramycin, thiomycin, erythromycin ndi lincomycin.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti athetse bwino mbalame zodwala.
Monga lamulo, zolinga izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito oxytetracycline kapena chlortetracycline pa mlingo wa 200 g wa maantibayotiki pa 1 tani ya chakudya kwa masiku asanu.
Antibiotic typosin ikhoza kuperekedwa ndi jekeseni pa mlingo wa 3-5 mg pa 1 kg ya kulemera kwa mbalame. Tiposin imalola kubwezeretsa dzira kwa odwala atagona nkhuku. Tiamulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochitira nyama zinyama.
Kupewa
Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda a mycoplasmosis, chidwi choyenera chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa mbalame zatsopano zomwe zimalowa m'munda.
Nthawi yoyamba izi nkhuku zimafunika kuti zikhale zodzipatula, kuti adziwe ngati ali ndi matenda kapena ayi. Pa nthawi yomweyo muyenera kuyang'anira microclimate m'nyumba.
Musaiwale za kusungidwa kwabwino kwa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi, chifukwa izi zikhoza kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kukana kwachilengedwe kwa mbalameyi.
Kuchotseratu kwathunthu galimoto yobisika ya mycoplasmas kafukufuku wowonjezeraamene anafa masiku oyambirira a makulitsidwe.
Ngati mazirawo adagulidwa pa famu yosiyana, ndiye kuti ayenera kusungidwa padera, mpaka atatsimikiziridwa kuti achinyamata sali odwala.
Njira zazikulu zolamulira mu mycoplasmosis ndi izi:
- Kuphedwa ndi kutaya mbalame zodwala.
- Nkhuku yathanzi imakhala yonenepa komanso imatumizidwa kuti ikaphe mwamsanga.
- Ng'ombeyo imakhala ndi chithandizo cha kugula minda ndi mazira kumapiri opindulitsa kwambiri.
- Malonda amatenthedwa kapena kusungidwa kwa mankhwala.
- Kuthetsa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito famu kumachitika masiku asanu ndi awiri, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a 2% a sodium hydroxide kapena 2% yothetsera vutoli.
Kutsiliza
Mycoplasmosis imatha kufala mofulumira pakati pa nkhuku.
Nthawi zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nkhuku, choncho, njira zonse zothandizira ziyenera kuchitidwa moyenera monga momwe zimathandizira kusunga ndalama zapulala panthawi yomweyo, komanso kuthandizira kupulumutsa mbalame kupha msanga.
