Nkhaka - nthawi zambiri, ndiwo zamasamba, zomwe zimamera munda aliyense pamalo ake. Koma chifukwa cha asayansi ndi obereketsa tsiku lirilonse pali mitundu yatsopano ndi yachilendo ya nkhaka yomwe ingadabwe ngakhale mikaka yopambana kwambiri. Ambiri mwa mitundu iyi akhoza kukula modzikonda. Ngakhale kuti iwo amachokera ku zozizira, pamene akupanga zofunikira zofunika kuti kukula kwa zomera zowonongeka, zimasinthasintha bwino muzitali zoyenda bwino. Ngati nkhaka yamba siikondwereranso, ndipo zochitika zaulimi zimafuna zosiyanasiyana ndi zatsopano, m'munsimu ndi maina ena a nkhaka zosakanikirana ndi maonekedwe awo omwe sasiya kusiyana ndi chilimwe chiri chonse.
Nkhaka zachi China
Mitundu ya nkhaka ya China imatchedwa dzina lawo chifukwa malo awo obadwira ndi China. Mliri wa nkhaka izi umafika kutalika kwa mamita 3.5, ndi zipatso 40-90 masentimita, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana. Zilakolako za zipatso ndizosiyana kuti sizilawa zowawa, zamasamba, zokoma zokoma komanso zonunkhira za mavwende. Mitundu ya Chitchaina imakhala ndi zokolola zambiri ndipo imabereka zipatso pafupifupi koyamba chisanu. Zina mwa zolephera zikhoza kudziwika kuti nkhaka zoterezi sizingatheke kusungidwa, choncho, zokolola ziyenera kukololedwa ngati kumwa. Muzinthu zamagetsi iwo ali odzichepetsa, amakula mofanana bwino mu nthaka yotseguka ndi greenhouses. 
Chofunika kwambiri kwa ubwino wawo - wochuluka fetereza feteleza munali nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, calcium, boron. Kuperewera kwa zinthu izi kumasonyezedwa mwachindunji mu mawonekedwe ndi kukoma kwa chipatso: iwo amadzipiritsa ndi kukhala opanda pake. Kufalitsa kwa mitundu ya Chitchaina kumachitika ndi njira ya mbewu, ndipo kufesa kwakukulu kuyenera kuchitidwa, popeza mbeu yofera nthawi zambiri siiliposa 25%. Makombero a China ali ndi mitundu yambiri, yomwe imakhala yowonjezereka kwambiri: "Chikale cha ku China", "njoka za Chinese", "chozizwitsa cha Chitchaina", "Boa", "Chizungu cha Chinese", chomwe chimasiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe a maonekedwe ndi kukoma.
Ndikofunikira! Zokolola za nkhaka zachi China ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Pamene zipatso za zalezhivanii zimataya mwamsanga chinyezi, sungani ndipo musakhale oyenera kuphika.
Nkhaka zachi Armenia
Nkhaka ya ku Armenia imadziwikanso ndi tarra kapena vwende ya serpentine. Chikhalidwe chamtundu mmalo osadziwika kwa alimi athu ali ndi kukoma kodabwitsa ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe osangalatsa kwambiri. Masamba a chomera ndiwo wobiriwira, wozungulira mawonekedwe ozungulira. Zipatso zimakhala zobiriwira, ndi "m'mphepete mwachitsulo", zomwe zimagawidwa, zimakhala zozungulira. Makasitomala a nkhaka za zosiyanasiyanazi amatha kufika 45 - 50 cm. Chinthu chachikulu cha masamba ndi kusowa kwa mpweya wamkati. Nkhaka ya Armenian ndi yowutsa mudyo, yamoto, thupi loyera ndi mavwende okoma. 
Zipatso zili ndi shuga 14%, 15% zolimba komanso 7.5% wowonjezera, amakhala ndi mavitamini ndi mchere, omwe ndi othandiza kwambiri kwa thupi. Nkhuka zoterezi zingadye mwatsopano pamodzi ndi peel, kapena mchere komanso zamzitini. Chomeracho chimadziwika ndi nyengo yochulukirapo komanso fruiting yopitirira, yomwe imapitiriza mpaka chisanu choyamba. Nkhaka ya ku Armenian imakhalanso ndi kukana kutentha ndi powdery mildew. Mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka za Armenian ndi White Bogatyr, Melon ya Silver ndi Melon Fleuozus.
Mukudziwa? Nkhaka ya Armenian imatchuka chifukwa cha machiritso ake. Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi chakudya cha anthu ovutika kwambiri, matenda a shuga, matenda oopsa kwambiri, atherosclerosis, etc. Kukhalapo kwa mapangidwe a nkhaka folic acid kumapangitsa kuti magazi apangidwe. Nsomba ya serpentine imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga choleretic, laxative, diuretic.
Nkhaka ya Italy
Zachilendo nkhaka mitundu ya Ataliyana obereketsa amasiyananso ndi zosowa zachilendo ndipo ali ndi mafanizi awo. Choyamba, izi ndi mitundu yokhala ndi mayina okongola a nkhaka - "Abruzze" ndi "Barrese".
Zosiyanasiyana "Abruzze" mochedwa, ali ndi chikwapu cha sing'anga yaitali. Nkhaka zake si zachilendo chifukwa zimakonda kwambiri nkhaka zikadali wamng'ono, ndipo zitatha zimakhala ndi kukoma kwa vwende ndi fungo. Masamba amawoneka ngati vwende, zipatso zimagwedezeka, kuwala kobiriwira, pafupifupi 35-45 masentimita yaitali, ndi crispy, wandiweyani thupi ndi lokoma kwambiri. Nkhuka zazing'ono zimadyedwa ngati nkhaka zamtengo wapatali, ndipo okhwima amaikidwa mu zokoma zosangalatsa ndi zokoma. Zipatso "Abruzze" - nyumba yosungiramo mavitamini ndi mchere, muli potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorous, ayodini, carotene, mavitamini a gulu B, PP, C ndi zina. 
Zosiyanasiyana "Zosavuta" - nkhakayi yachitsamba, masamba ndi maluwa omwe amafanana ndi vwende. Zipatso zikufanana kwambiri ndi "Abruzze" ndipo sizili zosiyana. Iyi ndi yofanana yokolola nyengo ndi nyengo yolezera yomwe imatha masiku 65. Zipatso "Zosavuta" - zowala zonyezimira kapena zachikasu, ndi zowirira zowirira thupi ndi vwende. Ubwino wa maluwa osiyanasiyanawa ndi osavuta kukolola: nkhaka sizingawonjezereke ndipo zikuwoneka bwino, zomera sizitali kwambiri, choncho safunikira kumangidwa.
Mitundu iwiriyi imakhala ndi vuto limodzi - ndi njuchi-mungu wofiira, ndiko kuti, atakula mu malo obiriwira, amafunikanso kupanga pollination. Amakhalanso ndi zokolola zambiri, koma, monga nthawi yonse yokhwimitsa, iwo amakana kwambiri ndi bowa ndi bacteriosis.
Nkhaka Zamchere
Kunja, nkhaka-mandimu kapena, monga amachitcha kuti zosiyanasiyana, - "Crystal Apple" - amawoneka ngati citrus. Chipatso chake chokhwima chiri ndi mawonekedwe amodzi omwe ali ofiira mkati ndi kunja. Ndipo apa za flavoring makhalidwe - apa izi zikhalidwe alibe kufanana. Zipatso zimasintha mtundu wawo nthawi yonse ya kusasitsa. Nkhuka zazing'ono zili ndi peel yokhala ndi pang'ono, kuwala kobiriwira ndi kukoma kokoma. Pa nthawi yakucha kucha, zipatso zimakhala ndi kukoma kokwanira komanso kuwala kofiira, mandimu.
Pophika, nkhaka-zipatso za mandimu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu saladi ndipo zimasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira, ndipo ngakhale pamene zasinthidwa kuti zisungidwe, nkhaka zimakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe. Nkhaka-mandimu imakhala ndi vitamini C wambiri, yomwe imalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi ndi kupereka mphamvu. Nkhuka za mandimu ndizochepa mu zopatsa mphamvu, choncho zimathandiza anthu ovutika kwambiri ndi matenda a kagayidwe kake. 
Chomeracho chiri ndi ubwino wambiri umene umayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi okonda zinyama zachilendo m'dzikoli. Choyamba, ndi kukongoletsa kwake. Nkhaka-mandimu amawoneka bwino ngakhale mu mphika pawindo ndipo imakhala fruiting mpaka chisanu choyamba. Chachiwiri, zabwino zokwanira zokolola: mpaka 10 kg ya zipatso kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi.
Mu mtundu wa nkhaka, imodzi yokha ya drawback ingadziwike: chomeracho chimafuna kukhazikitsa chithandizo chokula. Ndi bwino kukula nkhaka-mandimu kupyolera mu mbande, chifukwa mbewu sizing'onozing'ono kumera. Nkhaka-mandimu imachokera kwa obereketsa ku Australia, omwe amatchedwanso "crystal apple", chifukwa cha chinyezi choyera chomwe chiri mu zipatso zake. Zakhala zatsimikiziridwa ndi sayansi kuti nkhaka-mandimu zimakhala ndi choleretic ndi diuretic zotsatira, zimalimbikitsa chilakolako, zimathandiza mimba, chiwindi, impso kugwira ntchito, ndi kuthandizira kuchiza impso miyala.
Melotria wovuta
Melotria wovuta - wina nkhaka zachilendo. Zipatso zing'onozing'ono (1.5 - 2 masentimita) zimalawa ngati kalasika nkhaka. Kusiyana kokha ndiko kuti khungu la nyamakazi silikhala lobiriwira, koma marble ndi kukoma kowawasa. Chomera ichi n'chokwanira ngati kubzala nyumba, ndi kukula mu nyumba yachisanu. Mliri umapanga nthambi, kufika mamita atatu kutalika, masamba amawoneka ngati nkhaka, koma yaying'ono. 
Melothria amalimbitsa mofanana ndi mitundu ina yachilendo nkhaka - pamaso woyamba frosts. Masamba samakhala achikasu, mosiyana ndi nkhaka yamba, ndikusunga mtundu wobiriwira mpaka kutha kwa nyengo yokula. Melodrium yokula mofulumira ikukula mwamphamvu, ndipo mphukira yowonjezera imakhala pansi muzu mwangwiro. Mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaka ndi yodzichepetsa mu chisamaliro, imakhala yofanana agrotechnical njira, monga mu kulima ochiritsira nkhaka. Zili zosavuta kufalitsa mbewu kupyolera mu mbande; mukhoza kufesa mbewu, koma pakapita nthawi zipatso zakucha zipsa. Imodzi mwa ubwino wa mbewu zovuta ndikumana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Nkhaka Yoyera
Nkhuka zoyera ndizo mitundu yambiri ya nkhaka zachi China, izi zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi dzina lake chifukwa cha maonekedwe ake. Zipatsozo ndi zoyera ndi zokometsera zobiriwira zobiriwira komanso zosakanikirana, zomwe izi zimadziwika ngati zokoma. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi mliri wautali, zipatsozo zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 20. Mitundu yambiri ya nyemba zoyera ndi "Angel White", "Snow White", "Snow Leopard", "White White", "Mkwatibwi". Ubwino wa nkhaka zoyera ndizozizira kuzizira komanso kulekerera mthunzi, komanso kukaniza matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Chikhalidwe ichi chimakhalanso ndi chilala ndipo chimapangitsa kutentha kwakukulu kwa +45 ° C. White nkhaka imabereka zipatso isanafike chisanu ndi kupereka zabwino zokolola, zomwe zimatha kufika 800 makilogalamu kuchokera ku zana limodzi. Ndibwino kuti muzitha kukulirakulira chikhalidwechi poyera pogwiritsa ntchito trellis, kotero nkhaka zimakhala bwino, bwino mpweya wokwanira. 
Indian cucumber - momordica
Momordica ndi chomera chodabwitsa cha banja la dzungu. Dzina la chikhalidwe limachokera ku Latin momordicus - snappy. Momordica ali ndi mayina ena ambiri otchuka - Amwenye nkhaka, Chimake chowawa kwambiri, nkhaka-ng'ona. Zipatso zake ndi mtanda pakati pa nkhaka ndi dzungu. Dziko la Indian Indian nkhaka ndi madera otentha ndi madera a ku Australia, Asia ndi Africa. Chomera ndi zomera za pachaka kapena zosatha, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi makhalidwe okongoletsera pamtundu uliwonse wa chitukuko, ngakhale pamene samasamba. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mumere chomera pafupi ndi mipanda ndi gazebos m'madera akumidzi.
Ma nkhaka a ku Indian, yaitali, kukula kwachangu ndizomwe zimayambira, kufika pamtunda wa mamita awiri. Maluwa a momordica ali owala achikasu, kununkhira kwawo kumafanana ndi kununkhira kwa jasmine. Zipatso zikuluzikulu, zimafika masentimita 25 m'litali, zowonjezereka, zophimbidwa ndi zida zachitsulo zamatenda. Zipatso zazitsamba zobiriwira, zikhale zamtundu wachilankhulo mtsogolo: kuchokera mumthunzi wotumbululuka kufikira karoti wonyezimira. Mnofu wa chipatso ndi mtundu wobiriwira, wobiriwira kwambiri, ndi mbewu zofanana ndi mavwende. 
Pophika, gwiritsani ntchito kokha zipatso za Indian nkhaka, zomwe ziri ndi kukoma kokoma kowawa-kowawa. Pochotsa mkwiyo wa zipatso zazing'ono, iwo akuwaviika maola angapo mu mchere wamchere. Zipatso zokoma, zamkati zimakhala zowawa kwambiri, sizingadye. Mbewu za Momordica zimadyanso, zimakhala zokoma, zimalawa ngati mtedza, ndipo zimatha kudya zofiira pambuyo pa zipatso za zipatso.
Nkhaka za Indian zimakonda kwambiri ku Asia zakudya: saladi, mbali mbale zophika nyama zakonzedwa kuchokera ku mphukira zake ndi zipatso, komanso kuwonjezera ku supu ndi nthunzi zosiyanasiyana. Masamba amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zonunkhira, amapatsa mbale zakumwa zokometsera kapena zowawa zakuda. Zipatso za nkhaka zakhala zopindulitsa katundu, zili ndi amino zidulo, alkaloids, mavitamini A, B, C, mafuta, saponins, phenols. Zina mwa zovuta za chikhalidwe, ndizotheka kuzindikira kuti maluwa a Momordica pachimake madzulo, pamene palibe mankhwala odzola mungu, ndiye kuti nkofunikira kuti azipaka mungu.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwira ntchito ndi momordika pa nyengo yokula muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri ndi zovala zogwiritsa ntchito manja ndi magolovesi, popeza mbali zonse za mmerazo zimakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali lomwe limayambitsa kutentha kwa khungu. Mwamsanga zipatso zikapsa, tsitsi limatha ndipo zomera zimakhala zopanda phindu.
Trichozant - njoka yamagawo
Trichozant ndi chomera cha pachaka. Chomerachi chikufala ku Australia ndi mayiko a Southeast Asia. Trichozant imatchedwa serpentine nkhaka chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake, kupangidwira ndi mawonekedwe achilendo owombedwa, ofanana ndi njoka.
Zipatso zowonjezera zimafika kutalika kufika 1.5 mamita ndi kulemera kwa 1 makilogalamu. Nyerere ya nkhaka ya serpenti ndi yopapuka, yamdima kapena yobiriwira, thupi ndi labwino komanso lamadzi wambiri. Pamene chipatso chikaphuka, peel imapezekanso malalanje, ndipo thupi limatembenuka kwambiri. Mbali ya nkhaka ya serpentine ndi yakuti ngati ikukula popanda chithandizo, idzakhala yokhazikika ku greenhouse filimu khoma. Pofuna kuonjezera zokolola za trichosan, n'kosatheka kupereka zipatso zake kuti zikhale kunja, ziyenera kuchotsedwa pa siteji yowonjezera. Pankhaniyi, zabwino fruiting zidzapitirira mpaka chisanu. Othandizira kukula m'madera akumidzi kumidzi yodabwitsa - "Serpentine", "Kukumerina", "Petor Ular", "Guad wa Njoka". 
Nkhuka za njoka - chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za zakudya zaku Asia. Mphukira, zipatso ndi masamba amadyedwa mwatsopano, komanso amaika msuzi, saladi, saladi ndi mbale zina. Komanso, nkhaka ikhoza kukhala yamzitini mofanana ndi nkhaka zakuda. Mankhwalawa amachititsa chidwi osati kokha chifukwa cha nkhaka, komanso chifukwa cha mavitamini, minerals ndi zakudya, makamaka chitsulo. Choncho, njoka yamagazi ikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikizapo zakudya za anthu omwe akudwala matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha.
Mukudziwa? Kuthamanga kwa trichozant kumathandiza kuthetsa malungo ndi kuchepetsa kutentha, ndipo zipatso zimakhala zotsutsa-kutupa, antiseptic ndi astringent zotsatira. Komanso, machiritso a mbewuyo ali ndi mizu, yomwe imaphwanyidwa ndi kuwaza pa dzuwa, ndi mazira ake osakanizidwa otsukidwa. Nkhuka ya serpentine imathandizanso amayi okalamba - imathandiza kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa mkaka wa m'mawere, kuzipangitsa kukhala ndi thanzi komanso kupindulitsa kwambiri.
Zovuta Kukayika - Red Nkhaka
Zakudya zosasangalatsa, kapena nkhaka zofiira - masamba osakanizika. Malo amtundu umenewu ndi dziko la Far East. Nkhumba zofiira zimaoneka ngati zinyama ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa ziwembu. Zipatso zake zazing'ono zimafanana ndi nkhaka zambiri ndipo zimafika masentimita 6 m'litali. Pamene chipatso chimapsa, chimakhala chofewa ndi chofiira mkati ndi kunja. 
Pophika, zipatso zachisawawa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zingadyeko zofiira kapena zimaperekedwa kuchipatala. Makombero ofiira amaikidwa mu saladi, zopangira zozizwitsa zosiyanasiyana, amatumikira monga mbale zakumbali. Chifukwa cha shuga wambiri wa nkhaka zouluka, amatha kukonzekera mchere, kusungunula ndi kusunga. Komanso, masamba ndiwo amchere komanso amchere. Zokoma zimakhala ndi mankhwala, masamba ndibwino kwambiri kupewa matenda opatsirana m'mimba. Mbeu yambewu imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga choleretic ndi diuretic.
Ubwino wa tladiants ndikuti ndi chikhalidwe chosatha, kotero palibe chifukwa chochima chaka chilichonse. Zina mwa zolephereka, ndizotheka kuzindikira kuti m'madera omwe ali pakati, makamaka m'chaka choyamba cha kulima, zimakhala zovuta kukwaniritsa fruiting ya nkhaka zofiira, zipatso sizikhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse. Mudzafunikiranso kudzipangira mungu, chifukwa mumakhala ndi kukula kwa tizilombo tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala tomwe timakhala pansi.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhumba zofiira zimatsutsana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi shuga, chifukwa cha shuga wambiri mu zipatso.
