Kukula bwino kwa ulimi kulikonse kumadalira kukula kwa nthaka. Pakapita nthawi, malo a nthaka amatha kuwonongeka - madzi ndi mpweya zimatha kugwa, zimapweteka, zimawumitsa. Mphuno sapeza mpweya wokwanira ndi madzi okwanira. Zosamba zowonjezera, kubereka kumachepa.
Kumbali inayi, kudumpha kwa nthaka kumachitika nthawi zambiri: pamene feteleza ndi feteleza mchere, zowonjezera za izi kapena mankhwalawo zikhoza kuchitika. Mulimonsemo, zomera zimayamba kuvulaza, kutaya makhalidwe awo ndi kufa. Ngati tikukamba za mbeu zapakhomo, ndiye kuti mbeuyo ikhoza kupulumutsidwa ndikuiika m'nthaka yatsopano, chifukwa cha nthaka yosasinthika, njirayi si yoyenera.
Njira yothetsera mavuto oterewa ndizofuna kupeza njira yosinthira mapangidwe a dothi, kukonza magawo ake. Vermiculite ya mchere ikhoza kusintha kwambiri microclimate kuti ikhale yabwino, osati kwa mizu yokha, komanso kwa mbewu yonse.
Mukudziwa? Kupezeka kwa mchere wodabwitsa uyu kunachitika mu 1824 ku Massachusetts (Webb T. H.), koma sanazindikire. Zonse zothandiza pazopezeka ndi kuzindikira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, zinangowoneka ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri zokha za m'ma 200, patatha zaka zoposa zana zafukufuku wokhudza vermiculite. Malo ake aakulu kwambiri amapezeka ku Republic of South Africa, Russia (munda wa Kovdorsky), USA (Montana), Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Australia, India, Republic of South Africa, ndi Uganda.
Kodi vermiculite ndi agrovermiculite ndi chiyani?
Kuti mumvetse chikhalidwechi, muyenera kudziwa vermiculite. Vermiculite - Mtundu wobiriwira wamtengo wapatali wa golide-bulauni, ndi gulu la hydromicas. Anapangidwa chifukwa cha hydrolysis ndi nyengoing ya mica yakuda. M'madera a zochitika zowonjezereka zaphalaphala, kutentha kwa mica kumapangika mpaka madigiri 900-1000 Celsius kumayambitsa kutuluka kwa madzi pakati pa zigawo ndi kutaya madzi.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, mchere unasinthidwa:
- kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa ma 6 mpaka 6 (mpweya wa madzi unakula mica ya mica, ndi ulusi wa worm ndi ndondomeko zofanana ndi mphutsi zazing'ono zinapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo.Ndipo dzina la sayansi la mchere ndi "vermiculus" (kuchokera ku Latin "worm-like" ");
- anasandulika kukhala phokoso, la porous (lotha kuyandama m'madzi) ndi chida, chikasu ndi golide, kutupa vermiculite;
- analandira mphamvu zotenga zitsulo zamatope komanso amatha kuyamwa madzi (zina zimakhala molekyu ya aluminosilicate musanayambe kutentha, madzi ambiri amasamutsidwa mosavuta).
Mabala oterewa anapezeka koyamba m'zaka za zana la XIX. Masiku ano, vermiculite yotengedwayo imasankhidwa pa processing plants, igawidwa mu tizigawo ndi kutenthetsa, kukulitsa vermiculite.
Ndikofunikira! Vermiculite, malingana ndi kukula kwa tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, tingagawidwe m'magulu - makina. Pali magulu 6 onse: woyamba ndi 0 kapena Super Micron (mpaka 0.5 mm), yachiwiri ndi 0.5 kapena Micron (0.5 mm), lachitatu ndi labwino kwambiri (1 mm), lachinayi ndi labwino (2 mm), lachisanu ndilopakatikati (4 mm) ndipo lachisanu ndi chimodzi ndi lalikulu (8 mm). Makina onsewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama, ndege ndi magalimoto, mafakitale ofunika, mphamvu, ndi zina. Mu gawo laulimi, gawo lachitatu, lachinayi ndi lachisanu limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.Funso lakuti "Agrovermiculitis - ndi chiyani komanso ntchito yake?" Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mlimi (pamaphukusi, monga lamulo, akuti "Kuwonjezera vermiculite" kapena "Vermiculite"). Vermiculite yowonjezera ya zomera inalandira dzina la agrovermiculite (GOST 12865-67).
Mukudziwa? Kunja kwina, vermiculite nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "mineral yield" (USA, England), "mankhwala amchere" (Japan). Masiku ano zamakono zaulimi ku Germany, France, Israel zimagwiritsira ntchito vermiculite, zomwe zimafuna kuti zipangizo zonse ziziyenda. Pofuna kupanga "zotengera zoyera" kuchokera ku chilengedwe, tani zoposa 20,000 za vermiculite zimatumizidwa ku mayiko a kumadzulo kwa Ulaya chaka chilichonse, ndipo matani oposa 10,000 amaloledwa ku Japan.
Maonekedwe ndi katundu wa vermiculite
Vermiculite ili ndi mankhwala omwe amakhala pafupi ndi micas yakuda, imakhala ndi madzi a zeolitic, komanso ma oxyidi a potaziyamu, magnesium, lithiamu, chitsulo, chromium, manganese, aluminium, ndi zina zotero.
Zida:
- ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutsekemera kwabwino;
- ali ndi kutentha kwakukulu;
- wokonda zachilengedwe;
- chokhazikika;
- ali ndi makhalidwe apadera omwe amatsatsa (madzi okwanira okwanira - 400-700%);
- osakhala poizoni;
- sichimala ndipo sichivunda;
- sichimachita ndi zidulo ndi alkali;
- palibe fungo;
- kuteteza nkhungu;
- Zowonongeka (pambuyo kuthira madzi kumawonjezera kulemera kanayi kapena kuposerapo).
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito vermiculite
Vermiculite amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakukula kwa zomera. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- nthaka;
- mbewu;
- mbande zopanda;
- rooting cuttings;
- mulching;
- ngalande, ndi zina zotero.
Ndikofunikira! Vermiculite imakhala yosatha ndipo ilibe moyo wa alumali - izi zimadalira mmene malo ake amakhalira. Kuwala ndi kusungunuka kwa mchere kumabweretsa kupanga fumbi panthawi yosungirako ndi kuyendetsa. Pogwira ntchito ndi vermiculite wambiri, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mabanki ochepa. Musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito vermiculite kwa nthawi yoyamba, iyenera kuchapidwa (kutsuka dothi losakondedwa ndi kumanga fumbi particles). Musanagwiritsire ntchito vermiculite ndibwino kuti muyike (mwachangu).
Kugwiritsa ntchito vermiculite mu m'nyumba floriculture
M'nyumba floriculture vermiculite amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokonzekera dothi, okonzeka makamaka mtundu wa maluwa. Kwa maluwa okhala ndi pangТono (kapena pansi pa chitukuko), chizindikiro cha "Chabwino" chikugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngati mizu yayamba mokwanira, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza "zabwino" ndi "medium" (mu magawo ofanana). Kwa zomera zazikulu ngati mtengo m'matope, ndi bwino kukonzekera chisakanizo (1: 1) cha "Medium" ndi "Large".
Zomwe zili mu vermiculite mu zosakaniza za nthaka za nthaka ndi:
- chifukwa cha zokoma - mpaka 30% (m'chipululu), mpaka 20% (nkhalango), mpaka 50% (Lithops);
- ficus, dieffenbachy, caladium, alokazy, anthurium, maranth, hibiscus - mpaka 20%;
- Monster, Clavium, Ivy, Philodendrons, Gemantus, etc. - mpaka 30%;
- yucca, mitengo ya kanjedza, crotons, laurels, tsiperusov, dratsen, katsitsumzukwa, etc. - 30-40%;
- gloxinia, ferns, begonias, violets, tradescantia, cyclamen, arrowroot, etc. - 40%.
Vermiculite (chizindikiro "chachikulu") chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamadzi. Mitengo m'miphika yayikulu ndi mabotolo, madzi amadzimadzi amakhala 2.5 cm (nthawi zambiri kuphatikizapo dothi ladothi).
Vermiculite yabwino (chizindikiro cha "Super fine" ndi "Chokongola") chokongoletsera mulching.
Vermiculite imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama pofuna kudula maluwa. Kuti muzuke mizu yake bwino, konzekerani gawo lapansi la mtundu wa "Micron" ndi njira yothirira madzi ndi feteleza mchere. 
Vermiculite ndi yabwino kwa mbande - madzi ndi feteleza amatengeka, kenako amapitsidwira ku chomera. Gawoli liyenera kukhala lonyowa (izi ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa). Ndondomeko ya rooting imatenga masiku 5 mpaka 10.
Mababu a maluwa ndi tubers amasungidwa bwino m'nyengo yozizira, ngati amathiridwa ndi zigawo za vermiculite (2 mpaka 5 cm).
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito vermiculite m'munda
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa vermiculite kumayambiriro kwa munda nthawi idzakulitsa kwambiri zokolola. 
Zamchere zimagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito:
- Mbeu kumera (ikani nyemba mu thumba lachitsulo ndi vermiculite (chizindikiro "Micron" ndi "Super fine"), kutsanulira ndi kusiya kuti muzitha kumalo otentha);
- kukula mbande za masamba (masiku 8-10 mofulumira kuposa nthawi zonse). Ma tomato, nkhaka ndi tsabola, zabwino zosakaniza ndi nthaka (magawo asanu), vermiculite (magawo awiri), humus (magawo atatu), ndi Nitrophoska (40 g pa 10 l);
- Kuphatikiza (1: 1 osakaniza - peat ndi vermiculite ("zabwino"));
- kulima ndiwo zamasamba m'munda ndi zomera zobiriwira (kuchapa masabata awiri, zokololazo ndi 15-30% apamwamba). Mukadzala mbande m'nthaka, onjezerani vermiculite ya mtundu wa "Chabwino" (supuni 3-4) kwa chomera chilichonse mu chitsime. Mukamabzala mbatata - theka kapu;
- mulching (kumathandiza kusunga chinyezi ngakhale nyengo yamvula);
- kompositi yokonzekera (kwa 1 centner organic mixing of peat, manyowa, udzu wouma, etc. - 4 zidebe za vermiculite za mankhwala abwino "ndi" Medium ").
Kugwiritsa ntchito vermiculite m'munda
Mukamabzala mbande ndi mitengo ya zipatso ndi zitsamba, monga ziwonetsero, ndizothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito vermiculite. Mbeu zoterozo zimayamba kuchepa matenda ndipo zimakula mofulumira. Mafuta ambiri opatsirana ndi malita atatu ("zabwino" ndi "Medium") malonda.
Ntchito ina yofunika yomwe vermiculite imafunika kuti zomera zisamalire m'minda ndi mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo. Kuti muchite izi, nthawi zambiri mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza "zabwino", "Medium" ndi "Large". Pafupipafupi, mita imodzi ya masentimita amafunika kuchokera ku malita 6 mpaka 10 a osakaniza (pamene muthamanga chitsamba, chizoloŵezi chidzakhala kuchokera 3 mpaka 5 malita).
Ndikofunikira! Pambuyo pa mulching pristvolny bwalo la mitengo ya zipatso ndi vermiculite, muyenera kusamala (osati kuwononga mizu) kumasula nthaka. Pamene mulching, vermiculite iyenera kukhala yozama pansi.
Vermiculite kwa zomera: ubwino ndi dothi la ntchito
Kuchita nthawi yaitali kumasonyeza kuti zopindulitsa katundu wa vermiculite amabweretsa ubwino wambiri. 
Vermiculite:
- bwino;
- Zomera komanso zimakhala ndi madzi m'nthaka;
- kumachepetsa mlingo wa acidity m'nthaka;
- kuchepetsa nthaka salinization;
- zabwino zokonza ngalande;
- Zimateteza kutentha kwa madzi (zomera zimakhala zoziziritsira m'nyengo yozizira ndi kuyanika chilimwe);
- kuwonjezera bwino kwa nthaka feteleza;
- sichitha ndipo sichivunda (kusagwirizana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda);
- kuchepetsa chiopsezo kwa mbewu ya bowa, zowola mizu, ndi zina;
- kumawonjezera zokolola;
- amalimbikitsa zomera za hydroponic;
- kumawonjezera nthawi yosungiramo masamba ndi zipatso;
- ndi biostimulant (zomwe zili ndi zitsulo zamchere, potaziyamu ndi zina zotengera);
- zochokera m'nthaka ndikupeza zitsulo zolemera, mankhwala owopsa (kuthekera kupeza zambiri "zoyera" zogulitsa zachilengedwe.
Komabe, vermiculite ili ndi mavuto ena:
- pamene mukukula mbande kapena zomera mu vermiculite ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi ouma ulimi wothirira, pali chiwopsezo cha kusintha kwa dothi kumalo a alkaline (pakali pano, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi opangidwa ndi thawed ndi owiritsa, othandizira madzi, etc.)
- pamene vermiculite imagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (sciarid, cherries, etc.);
- popanda kuganizira kumasulidwa pang'ono kwa madzi a vermiculite ku chomera, pokhala ndi njira yowiririra ulimi wothirira, mutha kubwezeretsanso nthaka.
Tikaganizira za vermiculite ndipo tadziwa kuti ndi zotani, tikhoza kuganizira za momwe ntchitoyi ikugwiritsidwira ntchito mwakhama.
