Celosia ndi chomera cha herbaceous kuchokera ku banja la Amaranth. Amadziwika chifukwa cha zofewa komanso zopaka mafuta okhala ndi mitundu yowala. Duwa limasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigriki ngati "moto", "kuyaka." Ndipo kwenikweni chikasu, lalanje ndi burgundy panicles amafanana ndi malawi. Komwe kubadwa kwa celosia ndi ku Africa ndi South Asia, komwe kumapangika poyambira kukula kwa anthu. M'mundamo, chomeracho chikuyenera kuwonetsa malo apakati, chifukwa chimakopa chidwi chachikulu.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Celosia - chomera kapena masamba osatha a herbaceous kapena kutalika kwake ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30-90. Kukhazikitsidwa nthambi yokhazikika kumayambira nthambi pang'ono. Amakutidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wowoneka bwino kapena wowuma pang'ono. Pa mphukira, masamba petiolate ndi ovoid kapena ovunda mawonekedwe. Ali ndi mawonekedwe obiriwira owoneka bwino komanso opingika. Nthawi zina pamakhala mitundu yokhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino, pamwamba pomwe mabala a siliva kapena a pinki amawonekera.
Kuyambira mu Julayi mpaka kuzizira, celosia amasangalala ndi maluwa owala bwino. Pam nsonga za tsinde ndi m'makhwangwala a masamba am'mwamba, makulidwe azinthu zambiri zam'mimba, chisa, spikelet kapena cirrus mawonekedwe. Amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono amitundu iwiri opaka pinki, chikasu, lalanje, burgundy kapena ofiira. Mu kukula kwa inflorescence 10-25 masentimita, maluwa amakakamizidwa kwambiri motsutsana, kotero kupezeka kwa ma pedicels ndi mawonekedwe a corolla imodzi ndizovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa. Calyx imakhala ndi mabulangeti atatu amtundu wowala. Pakati pake pali ma stamens asanu, ophatikizidwa ndi chubu la membranous, ndi ovary yam'mimba.
Pambuyo kupukutidwa ndi tizilombo, zipatso zimacha - makapisozi ozunguliridwa okhala ndi ma polyspermous okhala ndi mulifupi mwake mpaka 4 mm. Mbali yapamwamba ya kapukusi wakucha, ngati chivindikiro, imatsegulira ndi kufota mbewu mpaka 2 mm kutalika kuchokera pamenepo.
Mitundu ya Celosia
Mitundu ya celosia imakhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 60 pachaka komanso yosatha komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana yokongoletsa yomwe imasiyana kukula, mawonekedwe a inflorescence ndi mtundu wawo. Tiyeni tilingalire ena a iwo.
Siliva. Chomera cha pachaka chokhala ndi udzu wokhala ndi msuzi chimatalika masentimita 45-100. Mu Julayi, kowala inflorescence pachimake kumapeto kwa mphukira. Kapangidwe kake kamatengera ndi subspecies.
Celosia (siliva) chisa. Mizere yolimba yoyambira pafupifupi masentimita 45 imakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira akulu obiriwira ndikuwongolera ndi ambulera kapena inflorescence yozungulira. Mu inflorescence adatenga maluwa ang'onoang'ono a fluffy. Pamwambapa, magawo oyipa ndi mphonje zimawonekera, zomwe zimakumbukira mwabwinobwino tambala. Chifukwa cha mitundu iyi idatchedwa dzina. Mtundu wa inflorescences ndi wofiira kwambiri, burgundy kapena lalanje. Amaphukira mu Julayi ndipo amalimbikira mpaka Okutobala. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Atropurpurea - chomera 20-25 masentimita ali ndi tsinde lobiriwira lobiriwira komanso masamba obiriwira opepuka, ndipo inflorescence yofiirira yodzikongoletsa pamwamba;
- Kupatsa chidwi ndi chomera chotsika chokhala ndi masamba akulu ofiira akuda ndi inflorescence yofiyira.
Celosia (siliva) paniculata. Chomera 20-100 masentimita okwera amakhala ndi zitsamba zowongoka, zopindika pang'onopang'ono komanso masamba akulu osalala owoneka bwino. Mu Julayi, kukhumudwa kwakukulu kwa pinki, kufiyira, chikasu kapena mtundu wa lalanje pamtunda pamwamba pa matenji. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Golden Flitz - chomera mpaka 80 cm wamtali chimasungunula zazikulu zazikulu za lalanje ndi chikasu;
- Goldfeder - wokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa achikasu achikuta;
- Watsopano - chomera mpaka 40 cm wamtali chimakutidwa ndi masamba ofiirira ndi maluwa otumbululuka achikasu.
Spikelet celosia. Chomera sichimakonda kwambiri alimi. Imakula mpaka 1.2 m ndikukwera ndikusungunuka pang'ono, ngati sporest-inflorescence. Amapaka utoto wachikasu ndi lalanje. Kutha, ma corollas am'munsi amakhala ndi siliva.
Kukula ndi kubzala
Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa celosia. Ndiye kuti celosia limamasula posachedwa, mbande zimamera kale. Chakumapeto kwa Marichi, mbewuzi zimanyowa m'mahomoni ndi zopatsa mphamvu ("Elin", "Zircon"). Kusakaniza kwa vermiculite ndi dothi la humus kumathiridwa m'mabokosi osaya. Mbewu zimagawanidwa moyenera padziko lapansi. Amakankhidwira mu thabwa, koma osawaza pamwamba. Mbewu zimapakidwa madzi ndi kuphimbidwa ndi filimu. Afunika kumera m'malo ndi kuwala kowala ndi kutentha + 23 ... + 25 ° C. Pofuna kuti asamange bowa, ndiye kuti chilengedwe chimatulutsa tsiku lililonse ndipo chimalumikizidwa chimachotsedwa.
Mu sabata, zikumera zowoneka bwino, pambuyo pake filimuyo imachotsedwa. Ndikapangidwa ndi masamba awiri owona, mbande zimakhazikitsidwa mumiphika yosiyana kapena m'mabokosi okhala ndi mtunda wa masentimita 5. Kumapeto kwa Epulo, kutentha kwazinthu kumatsitsidwa mpaka + 17 ... + 20 ° C. Pamasiku ofunda, mbande zimatengedwa kunja. Momwe chisanu chikazimiririka, mbande zimabzalidwa pamalo otseguka, pomwe malo abwino owerengeka osankhidwa amasankhidwa kuti mbewu.
Dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka, lopatsa thanzi komanso lopanda madzi. Dothi lokhala ndi ndale kapena pang'ono acidic ndi loyenerera bwino. Saps laimu limawonjezeredwa kumtunda wa acidic pakukumba. Koposa zonse, celosia imamera panthaka yopangidwa ndi loam, mchenga, manyowa owola ndi kompositi. Rhizomes a chomera ndi osalimba, kotero iwo obzalidwa pamodzi ndi peat miphika kapena mtanda wa lapansi. Mtunda pakati pa kubzala zimatengera kutalika kwa mtundu wina ndipo ndi 15-30 cm.
Kusamalira mbewu
Celosia pamafunika kuchita khama kuchokera kwa wosamalira dimba. Amakonda kuthirira. M'masiku otentha, maluwa amathiriridwa madzi masiku onse awiri ndi awiri. Pamtunda wokha ndiwofunika kuwuma, koma madzi sayenera kumira m'mizu. Chomera ndi thermophilic, sichimalekerera chisanu, koma kutentha kwamphamvu kwambiri kwa chilimwe kumazindikira. Maluwa amayimira kugwa pomwe kutentha kumatsika mpaka + 1 ... + 5 ° C. Kuzizira kotere kumayambitsa kufa kwa mbewu. Ngati celosia wakula m'mabotolo, uyenera kubweretsedwa musanazizidwe.
Ngakhale asanasandutsidwe malo otseguka, mbande zimaphatikizidwa ndi ma mineral zovuta zomwe zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous. M'mwezi wa Meyi, mutabzala yotseguka, celosia amathiriridwa ndi mchere kapena mchere wokhazikika kamodzi pa mwezi. Zamoyo zowola zokha ndizoyenera, mwinanso ma celosia adzafa.
Kuti mpweya udutse kumizu, dothi pafupi ndi mbewuzo limamasulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi ndipo maudzu amachotsedwa. Zoyambira zazitali, ngakhale ndizosagwirizana, zimafunikira garter. Mphepo kapena mvula yambiri imatha kuwaphwanya.
Celosia wamkulu ndi osagwirizana ndi matenda obzala, koma mbande zazing'ono zimadwala matenda a fungus, makamaka mwendo wakuda. Ndikofunika kuyang'anira kuthirira ndikuletsa kusefukira kwa nthaka. Pamwamba panthaka ndimasulidwa nthawi zonse ndikusakanikirana ndi phulusa. Nsabwe za m'masamba zitha kukhazikika pamiyeso ndi masamba a mbewu. Amachotsa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Kwa iwo omwe samakonda mankhwala, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi sopo yankho ndizoyenera. Njira zonse zowongolera tizilombo zimachitika madzulo, dzuwa litalowa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito celosia
Celosia imamenyedwa ndi ma inflorescence achilendo osawoneka bwino pamalo amtundu umodzi pafupi ndi mpanda, malire kapena makhoma a nyumba. M'mabedi a maluwa ambiri, amakhala pakati kapena pafupi ndi m'mphepete, kutengera kutalika kwa mitunduyo. Zomera zomwe zimamera pang'ono, makamaka celosia, zimabzalidwa m'mipanda ndi maluwa kuti azikongoletsa makonde ndi ma verandas, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera. Maonekedwe a celosia ndiowoneka bwino kwambiri kotero kuti zimawavuta kusankha anzawo m'munda wamaluwa. Zomera zokhala ndi maluwa achikasu nthawi zina zimaphatikizidwa ndi ageratum kapena ma mpunga, ndi maluwa ofiira ndi oyera lobelia. Zomera zonse zimawoneka bwino m'malo oyandikana ndi mbewu monga chimanga kapena zokongoletsera. Ngakhale maluwa owuma amakhalanso okongoletsa, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyimbo zowuma.
Kuphatikiza pa kukongoletsa, celosia imagwiranso ntchito. Mphukira zazing'ono za celosia zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Amawonjezeredwa ku saladi kapena mbale zam'mbali. Komanso, matenda a celosia ali ndi machiritso. Tiyi imamenyedwa pamasamba owuma a chomeracho, omwe amathandizira kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi, amalimbana ndi matenda ena amwazi ndi kusintha kwamaso. Kulumikizika ndi decoction pamlomo wamkati kumachepetsa kutupa ndikuchiritsa mabala ang'ono.
