Herbicides - gulu losiyana la zinthu zakuthambo, zomwe zakonzedwa kuti zithetse zomera zosayenera. Pakalipano, chiwerengero chawo ndi chachikulu: kuchokera ku njira zowonjezera zosankha, kuchokera ku emulsions mpaka powders. Kusiyanasiyana koteroko kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kusankha osamalira nthaka. M'nkhaniyi, tiwonanso njira ndi njira zowonekera, komanso malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mmodzi mwa atsogoleri mu msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, heratide Biathlon.
Masewera olimbitsa thupi
"Biathlon" amatchulidwa ndi zinthu zopanga zochitika zenizeni, cholinga chachikulu chomwe chinali chiwonongeko cha namsongole wamsinkhu umodzi kapena ziwiri ndi zina za udzu pa mbewu za tirigu. Kuwongolera kwa mankhwala kumakuthandizani kuti muzigwira bwino ntchito yonse ya udzu, kuphatikizapo zomera zovuta, yomwe imakhala yozama kwambiri. Namsongole omwe amakhudzidwa ndi mankhwalawa, malinga ndi liwiro la momwe amachitira ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, akhoza kugawa m'magulu awiri:
- Zosangalatsa: Msuwa wa mpiru, mchenga wamunda, phazi la khwangwala, Tatar buckwheat, munda wa buttercup, munda wa violet, mtundu uliwonse wa nyemba, kugwiriridwa, kugwiriridwa, msipu wamtchire, munda usaiwale-ine-osati, chitsamba chowawa ndi ena.
- Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi: malo odyera m'munda, mitundu ya Chistets, minda yokhazikika, maulendo atatu, osasamala, Molokan, Chitata, euphorbiae, minda yamunda, minda yofesa nthula, nightshade ndi ena.
Mukudziwa? Herbicide yoyamba inakhazikitsidwa mmbuyo mu 1768 ndi Gombark ndipo inayesedwa pamagulu a chamomile.Kuchita kwake sikulepheretsa kukula ndi kukula kwa kufesa. "Biathlon" yasankha katundu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yake yayitali kwambiri. Mankhwalawa ndi a kalasi ya aryloxyalkanoic acid ndi sulfonylureas.
Zosakaniza zogwira ntchito
Pogwiritsa ntchito "Biathlon" pali njira zoterezi: "Elan" (emulsion concentrate), "Stalker" (madzi-dispersible granules) ndi "Ducat". Mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa namsongole chifukwa cha magulu atatu a zinthu zogwira ntchito:
- 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid mu mawonekedwe a 2-ethylhexyl ester ndi choyera choyera, mankhwala osungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, omwe amachitira motsutsana ndi chamomile, nthula ndi buckwheat. Nkhosa zimagonjetsedwa ndi 2,4-D.
- Tribenuron-methyl - makristar a mtundu woyera ndi mafuta onunkhira, kupondereza namsongole wouma. Muzitsamba zakutchire, mankhwalawo amatha msanga kwambiri kuti asakhale ndi poizoni.
- Triasulfuron ndi olimbitsa thupi losaoneka bwino komanso lopanda phokoso lomwe limatha kupha udzu wozizira m'nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo yamasika.
Fomu yokonzekera
Fomu yokonzekera "Biathlon" ndi chisakanizo cha emulsion concentrate (EC) ndi granules a madzi omwe amatha kupezeka (EDC). Imakhala yodzaza ndi phalasitiki yosindikizidwa yafakitale yomwe ili ndi mphamvu ya 4.5 malita, 0.09 ndi 0.03 kilogalamu.
Mukudziwa? Herbicides - chodabwitsa kwambiri mankhwala. Chaka chilichonse pafupifupi madani 5 a mankhwala amapangidwa padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zonsezi sizimakhala pamasamu a masitolo.
Mankhwala amapindula
Malinga ndi kayendetsedwe kake ka mankhwala, zotsatirazi zotsatirazi za herbicide zikhoza kufotokozedwa:
- Kuwonongeka koyenera kwa mitundu yoposa 100 ya zomera zapasititi.
- Kukhoza kwa kukana kwa namsongole kwa mankhwala sikung'onozing'ono, chifukwa cha zigawo zitatu zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana siyana.
- Zotsatira zabwino zogwirizana pakati pa zigawozi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phindu la ntchito ya "Biathlon" liyambe.
- Kuchepetsa zokolola pambewu, kusowa kwa phytotoxicity pakagwiritsidwe ntchito molingana ndi malangizo.
- Kukhoza kosakhala ndi poizoni kuphatikiza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti kulima mbewu zabwino.
- Chitetezo pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa triasulfuron mu maonekedwe poyerekeza ndi mankhwala enaake ophera tizilombo.
- Kuchitapo kanthu nthawi yaitali, kutuluka kwa kufunikira koti agwiritsire ntchito - chinthu chosavuta kwambiri.
- Mmene "kuyendera kusintha kwazithunzi" ndikutalika kwa zomwe mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti pakhale kuwonekera kwa namsongole, zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi zotsatira zofanana za tribenuron-methyl ndi triasulfuron.
Phunzirani momwe mungachotsere namsongole ndi mankhwala a udzu.
Njira yogwirira ntchito
"Biathlon" imagwira ntchito ziwiri. Choyamba, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic asidi, monga mankhwala a mahomoni, amalowa mu minofu ndi kumachepetsa photosynthesis wa zomera za parasitic mwa kuletsa puloteni acetolactate synthase. Chotsatira chake, chomeracho chimayamba kulephera, chomwe chikuwonetseredwa mu kusintha kwa masamba ndi zimayambira, kutaya mtundu, ndiyeno imfa ya namsongole. Pa gawo lachiwiri, tribenuron-methyl ndi triasulfuron zimakhudza kwambiri kupanga vineti ndi isoleucine, chomera chofunika kwambiri cha amino acid. Chotsatira chake, chomera maselo amalekanitsa, kukula ndi kukula, thupi limamwalira. 
Njira, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala
Malinga ndi malangizo akuti "Biathlon" amagwiritsidwa ntchito powapopera mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera za tirigu ndi oat. Mankhwalawa akulimbikitsidwa kuti asamalire namsongole, omwe ali mu gawo la zamasamba zokhazikika pa kutentha kwa 10-25 ° C. Kuchuluka kwachangu kumawoneka ngati parasitic zomera akadakali "aang'ono", pamene kukula kwake sikufika pa masentimita 15 ndipo pali masamba 2-3 mpaka pa tsinde. Pofuna kuti asawononge mbewu yambewu, m'pofunikira kuyipiritsa nthawi yopuma asanafike mu chubu mumtunda. Njira yokwanira yogwiritsira ntchito njira yothetsera biathlon herbicide ndiyake phukusi limodzi pa mahekitala 10 a kubzala - pafupifupi 200 malita pa hekitala.
Ndikofunikira! Onetsetsani mlingo woyenera wa mankhwalawa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kungapangitse imfa ya namsongole, komanso kufesa, kulephera kwa microflora za nthaka, komanso kuvulaza thanzi lanu.Kuti mugwiritse ntchito herbicide, muyenera kusankha nyengo yabwino yomwe ingakhale masiku angapo: nyengo yozizira, mphepo yamkuntho yopitirira 5 m / s. Apo ayi, mankhwala otsukidwa ndi mvula sangapereke zotsatira zoyenera, kapena kuzizira zidzaipiraipirabe njira zomwe zimafunidwa ndi mankhwala. Sizingatheke kuwononga nthaka kwa masabata awiri mutapopera mbewu, zidzasokoneza nthaka "yotetezera" ndipo imachepetsetsa kwambiri mankhwala a herbicide. Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti sizimagwera pa zikhalidwe zina zomwe sizingathe kukana "Biathlon". Apo ayi, mukhoza "kuwononga" mbeu yanu ndizochita.
Zotsatira zothamanga
Chifukwa cha 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic asidi pokonzekera, zotsatira zoyamba za mphamvu ya herbicide "Biathlon" idzawoneka bwino pambuyo pa maola angapo: masamba a namsongole adzayamba kufota. Herbicide mwamsanga imalowa mu chomera, pokhala ndi kuthekera kudziunjikira mu matenda, kuwapha iwo. Namsongole amamwalira kwathunthu mkati mwa masiku atatu mpaka 7, kwa ena osagonjetsedwa amatha masabata awiri. N'zotheka kuti mankhwalawa sangawononge zomera zonse, koma mulimonsemo zidzasiya chitukuko chawo, ndipo sizidzavulaza mbewu. Pambuyo pake, zamoyo zomwe sizikula, sizikhala ndi zosowa zapadera za zakudya ndi chinyezi.
Nthawi yachitetezo
Mankhwalawa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, sangagwire ntchito, koma namsongole amene amatsuka mwachindunji. Malinga ndi malangizo a chiwonongeko choyenera cha namsongole mankhwala amodzi oyenera adzakhala oposa.
Ndikofunikira! Musagwiritsirenso ntchito mankhwalawa ngati pali udzu wochepa, mwinamwake mudzapangitsa kuti mukhale ndi poizoni mu tirigu ndi oats.
Kugwirizana ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo
"Biathlon" imatanthawuza mankhwala ophera tizilombo, omwe sagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake ophera tizilombo, chifukwa angakhale owopsa ndipo amathandizira kuti phytotoxicity. Kuwonongeka kwapadera kwa dicotyledonous ndi cereal parasitic zomera, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito "Biathlon" mu thanki losakaniza ndi "Fabris". Mankhwalawa amagwirizana kwambiri ndi mchere wothirira feteleza, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (mankhwala okonzekera kuphera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda), kukula kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso fungicides (njira zamankhwala zothandizira matenda a fungal of plants).
Corsair, Dialen Super, Caribou, Cowboy, Extra Extra, Lontrel-300 amaonanso kuti herbicides kwa mbewu za tirigu.
Zosintha zokolola
Palibe malire aakulu pazitsulo zilizonse zomwe zimachitika kuti "Biathlon" imagwiritsidwe ntchito molingana ndi malangizo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa tibenurol-methyl m'nthaka komanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya triasulfuron pokonzekera katatu poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo.
Maganizo ndi zikhalidwe zosungirako
Herbicide "Biathlon" ikulimbikitsidwa kusungidwa pamalo ouma omwe sungatheke kwa ana ndi nyama, popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa pamtunda woyenera wa + 1 ... +24 ° С. Silifu moyo wa mankhwalawa umasonyezedwa pa phukusi. Patsiku lomaliza la herbicide ndi bwino kutaya. Nthaŵi zina, n'zotheka kuyesa kukwanira, pambuyo pa zotsatira zake zomwe herbicide amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa cholinga chake. 
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi chinthu choyambitsa mankhwala ndi poizoni, choncho ntchito yake iyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malangizo komanso molingana ndi cholinga. Apo ayi, zotsatira zake sizidzakhala zosasinthika, ndipo kwa iwo omwe amapanga mankhwalawo siwowawongolera.
