Iye amene ali ndi makoswe otere ndi mavuto omwe angapange amadziwika bwino kwa alimi ndi alimi okhala m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, madera akumadzulo a Caucasus ndi Bank Left Bank Ukraine.
Kodi makoswe ndi ndani?
Kumasulira - Ndilo ndodo yaikulu (kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi 700 g, ndipo thupi likhoza kufika 30 cm). Nyamayo ilibe mchira, makutu siamapangidwe, thupi liri ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, mutu ndi wawukulu, wodzaza. Kuvomereza dzina, chinyama sichinali khungu, chilibe maso (pamalo omwe ayenera kukhala, pali mapepala a khungu).
Ubweya wa mole wouma ndi wovuta, mofanana ndi chiputu, tsitsi lalitali lomwe limatuluka ku ubweya umakhala mbali ya ziwalo zogwira nyama. Mlomo wa makoswewo uli ndi mapepala, amatetezera pakamwa kuti asalowe pansi, ndizing'onozing'ono zokhazokha zomwe zimawonekera kunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphunoyo isakhale yosasangalatsa.
Miyendo ya makoswe a khungu ndi ofooka ndi ofooka, ziwalo izi sizigwira nawo ntchito, kukumba kukuchitika mothandizidwa ndi mano.
Mukudziwa? Moyo wonse wa makoswe umapita pansi. Nyama sizimathamanga konse, kotero ngakhale mu utitiri umene umasokoneza thupi la nyama, ziwalo za masomphenya zimathamangitsidwa.Madera a nkhalango ndi nkhalango pafupi ndi matabwa, minda yamapiri ndi nkhalango, komanso mbewu zomwe zili pafupi, ndi malo a makoswe. Nkhumba iyi ili ndi achibale amodzi a makoswe: Pontic, Bukovinsky, Podolsky ndi mchenga. Zonsezi zimatengedwa kuti ndi nyama zosawerengeka komanso zinalembedwa m'buku la Red Book la Ukraine.
Komabe, ngakhale makoswe m'zaka zaposachedwa sichikulitsa manambala ake. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti phokoso limeneli silikupezeka m'madera omwe ali pa banki yolondola ya Dnieper. Mwachiwonekere, kwa zaka zambiri, chinyama sichikanakhoza kuthetsa chotchinga chachirengedwe ichi pakukonzekera.
Wachibambo amalowa mumsewu wambiri "mizere iwiri" pansi pa nthaka ndi kutalika kwake kwa 0.25-0.35 km: kumtunda kumtunda kwa nthaka (10-25 masentimita pansi pa nthaka pamwamba), pansi pamtunda ndi mozama kuchokera mamita imodzi mpaka mamita.
Pamwamba pamwamba, ndodoyo ili ndi "chipinda chodyera" - ili pamtunda uwu kuti mizu, tubers ndi ziwalo zina zapansi za zomera zomwe nyamayo idya kumayendedwe amapezeka. Pansi pali malo okhala (chisa), komanso "zipinda zosungirako" za zakudya zomwe zasungidwa m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuphulika kupyola mthunzi, mutu wa munthu wakhungu umasunthira mulu wodabwitsa wa dziko lapansi, ndipo izi zikuwonetsa kupezeka kwake pa malo.
Pofuna kupita patsogolo kunali kosavuta, khunyu imawombera mutu wake pamwamba pa khoma, ndipo, pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a mkokomo, imayankha njira yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri kupitiliza kuyenda. Mofananamo, makoswe amalankhulana wina ndi mzache, kupeza wokondedwa pa zizindikiro zomwe zimatumizidwa kwa iwo.
Kodi ndivulaza yanji?
Maonekedwe ndi moyo wa makoswe amaoneka ngati mole, komabe iwo ndi nyama zosiyana kwambiri. Amamanga mabokosi ofanana, ndipo malowedwe olowera kumalo oterewa akuwoneka mofanana, koma makoswe amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana: mole ndiye nyama, chakudya chake chimapangidwa ndi mphutsi ndi mphutsi, pamene mulu wa makoswe ndi wathanzi ndipo, monga zanenedwera, sikuti amadya mitundu yonse ya mizu ndi mbewu zowonongeka pamsewu wake, komanso zimapanga zokopa zawo zochititsa chidwi m'nyengo yozizira.
Kotero, ngati mukufuna kudziwa mtundu wa nyama yomwe inasiyidwa popanda kukolola kaloti, beets kapena mbatata, mungakhale otsimikiza kuti iyi ndi mole! Kuwonjezera apo, nyamayi yokhala ndi zosangalatsa imadyetsa zomera za anyezi, kotero kuti ndizoopsa pamunda wamaluwa ngati munda wa ndiwo zamasamba. Nyama sizitsamba za zomera (amakonda masamba ambiri, umbellas ndi maluwa ovuta), kuziwotcha pansi ndikudya, pamene mizu ndi tubers zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati masitima.
Kufikira 18 makilogalamu a mbatata anapezeka mu maselo a makoswe a m'chipinda chimodzi, pomwe pafupi ndimo munali zamasamba, acorns ndi zakudya zina zomwe zinali zofanana ndi kulemera kwake. Zindikirani kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe makoswe amadya pamtunda kumakhala kofanana ndi kulemera kwa thupi, choncho, poganizira momwe nyama imathandizira m'nyengo yozizira, wina akhoza kulingalira zomwe zimavulaza kamodzi kamodzi kamene kangabweretse mbewu, maluwa ndi zina zomwe zimabzalidwa mwachikondi pa chiwembu cha zomera!
Ngati zowawa zoterezi zikukugwerani, ndi zobiriwira zanu zobiriwira zikuzunzidwa ndi mantha awo mulu wa makoswe, pali funso loyenera: zomwe mungachite. Ndipotu, pali njira zambiri zopezera akhungu m'munda. Izi ndi misampha, zoopsa, ndi zinthu zoopsa, ndi njira zosiyanasiyana za anthu. Kusankha kumadalira pa umunthu wanu, luntha ndi ndalama.
Kuyika misampha
Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti njira yabwino kwambiri yochotsera kakombo khungu ndi chiwonongeko cha nyama. Pali mitundu yambiri ya misampha ndi misampha yambiri ya gadfly, mukhoza kuigula kapena kupanga manja anu pa zojambulazo pa intaneti.
Vuto lalikulu silikutenga msampha, koma kuti liyike molondola. Sayansiyi ndi yovuta ndipo nthawi yomweyo zotsatira zake sizitsimikizika. Choncho, chinthu choyamba muyenera kupeza malo ochepa kwambiri, muthamangitsidwa ndi akhungu, ndikukhulupirira kuti nyama ili pafupi.
Mfundo ya nsomba imadalira kuti makoswe sakonda mpukutu, ndipo ngati iyo imapanga mu dzenje lake, pali mwayi kuti rodent apite kukachotsa "matenda" ndi kugwera mumsampha.
Kutsika dzenje, timapeza ndime yaikulu ndikuyiyeretsa mpaka tifike ku pulasitiki. Iyenso imafunika kuchotsedwa kuti mpweya wabwino uyambe kuthamangira mu dzenje. Msampha wa makoswe umaikidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 5 kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa kutembenuka, unyolo umabweretsedwa pamwamba, ndipo dzenje liri ndi dziko lapansi lophimbidwa ndi plywood kuti asawopsyeze tizilombo. Zimatengedwa kuti n'zotheka kufufuza ngati chochitikacho chinapindula mu theka la ora.
Ngati muli ndi mwayi wokhala ndi galu wosaka, amatha kupeza malowa ndikusunga mwiniyo kukumba mabowo opanda ntchito.
Ndipo famuyo imapindula, ndipo chiweto chanu - maphunziro abwino kwambiri muzochitika pafupi ndi nkhondo!
Mofananamo, mungathe kugwira mbewa yamphongo pogwiritsa ntchito chikopa kapena zingwe zingapo zomwe mzerewo umagwirizanako - mfundo yowonongeka ndi yofanana, zikopa zimathamangitsidwa pansi pafupi ndi kuchoka kwa dzenje, kuti nyamayo igwire pamodzi pamene khomo likuwoneka likugona. 
Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti njira yoganiziridwa yogwira makoswe a mole saganiziridwa mogwira mtima. Choyamba, kupambana kwake kumadalira mwachindunji kulondola kwa malo a nyama panthawiyi, ndipo kupatsidwa nthawi yonse ya dzenje ndi chiwerengero cha "kuchoka" zambiri sikungatheke.
Chachiwiri, olima wamaluwa odziwa bwino amatha kuzindikira zachinyengo za makoswewa. Ng'ombe yochuluka kwambiri komanso yochenjera imatha kugwera mumsampha, komanso, ngati kamphanga kamodzi kakagwidwa motero, ena amayamba kusamala kaŵirikaŵiri ndipo n'zosatheka kuwerengera kupambana mobwerezabwereza.
Chodabwitsa n'chakuti vuto limathandizidwa ndi zinyama - amphaka kapena agalu. Zoonadi, sizingatheke kuti molehill idzagwidwa ndi nkhono yabwino komanso yosakanikirana ya Perisiya, ndizofanana ndi khate la bwalo, makamaka ndi chidziwitso chogwira mbewa, ndipo ngakhale bwino - makoswe (movomerezeka, zotsirizazo ndizosawerengeka).
Zoona, eni ake amphaka amadziwa kuti makanda odyetsa katsi, pofuna kuteteza ana kuopseza, akhoza kuchita zodabwitsa! Oimira mbandakucha, sagwiranso ntchito kwa aliyense, monga "katswiri" wodabwitsa, wophunzitsidwa mkusaka nyama zakutchire, monga dachshund kapena spaniel, akhoza kugwidwa ndi kavalo.
Kusungidwa kwa tinkling, kuzungulira ndi kugwedeza zipangizo zokonza
Njira yachiwiri yochotsa makoswe - kusokoneza. Pachifukwachi, mungagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, koma mfundo ya zochita zawo, monga lamulo, ndi yofanana: kupanga phokoso kapena phokoso pothandizira mphepo. Pokhala opanda maso, kakombo kakang'ono kamakhala kovuta kwambiri mafunde omveka. Pamene dziko ligwedezeka, ndodoyo imazindikira ngati chizindikiro choopsa. Ngati zovuta zachilendo kapena phokoso zimabwereza kawirikawiri, khunyu imakhala nthawi yovuta ndipo pamapeto pake ikasankha kusiya malo osasangalatsa.
Nthaŵi zina dongosolo lamatabwa la nkhuni limathamangitsidwa pansi limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phokoso lamkokomo, limene aliyense amalumikiza, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku ana a zisewero. Ndi mphepo yamkuntho, masamba amayamba kuyendayenda, ndipo pali hum, yomwe imamveka pansi pansi ndipo imakwiyitsa kwambiri makoswe ndi makoswe. Pamatumba omwewo akhoza kulimbitsa zitini za tinini.
Kwa cholinga chomwecho, mabotolo opanda kanthu angathe kuikidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana pansi, makamaka akuluakulu, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera pansi pa champagne. Khosi la botolo liyenera kukwera masentimita angapo pamwamba pa nthaka, kupanga mbali yaying'ono ndi iyo. Ngati tiganizira mofulumira kwambiri mphepo pamene tasiya botolo, phokoso lamakono lidzachitika mobwerezabwereza, mwakuya, mwayi wowononga womanga nyumba pansi pano.
Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki, omwe amadula ndi kuguguda mwanjira inayake, pambuyo pake waya amadutsa mu botolo, lomwe limalowa pansi, ndipo mzere wachitsulo umayikidwa mu botolo, kumapanga phokoso lina panthawi ya mphepo. Malingana ndi mfundo iyi, mukhoza kubwera ndi "ena opanga phokoso" ndi "phokoso".
Mukudziwa? Akhungu, monga makoswe ena, sakonda fungo la zomera zina. Makamaka, tazindikira kuti nyamayi silingalekerere parsnips yomwe timakonda kwambiri. Choncho, amanena kuti ngati mubzala zonunkhirazi pamtunda wa malo, makamaka mu mizere ingapo, mungaiwale za vuto la kukhala ndi makoswe m'munda. Ndikofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya mizu kuti phokoso likhazikike mmera kuti liziyenda ulendo. Mulimonsemo, njirayi ndi yophweka kusiyana ndi kukumba gawo ndi chitsulo chachitsulo cha theka la mamita mozama, ndipo malangizo omwe ali nawo polimbana ndi tizilombowa amapezeka nthawi zambiri.
Menyana ndi madzi akhungu
Njira yosiyana yochotseratu makoswe - kusefukirakapena kani dzenje lake. Poganizira kutalika ndi zovuta za nyumba zapansi zomwe zimamangidwa ndi ndodo, njira iyi sitingatchedwe mosavuta. Ndipo mwamtheradi zedi-iwe sungakhoze kutha ndi chidebe chimodzi cha madzi apa.
Ndikofunikira! Madzi sayenera kugwa mu dzenje, kapena kuti, mu chisa cha makoswe, omwe, monga tikudziwira, ali m'munsi mwa ndime ya pansi pa nthaka. Chitsimikizo chotsimikizirika chingapezedwe mwa kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala mawonekedwe a dziko lapansi ataponyedwa ndi nyama pamwamba. Muyenera kutsanulira mu khomo limenelo, pafupi ndi dothi limene lidzawonekera pamodzi ndi dothi - liri pansi kwambiri, ndipo muli ndi mwayi kuti mutuluke bwino!Chombocho chiyenera choyamba kuchotsedwa kuti chizindikire khomo la dzenje. Momwemonso pakhomoli, madzi amatsanuliridwa, ndipo ndi bwino kusungirako ndi phula, osati kuthamanga ndi ndowa. Madzi amatsanulira kwambiri, amakhala ndi mwayi wochulukitsa nyama, ndipo idzayandama pamwamba.
Zomwe mungachite ndi nyama yogwidwa aliyense akudzipangira yekha (ndipo izi ndizovuta zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: ndondomeko iyenera kuti iphedwe, yomwe aliyense sangachite, kapena ayi, ndipo izi sizowonjezereka kwambiri). 
Ikani njira yowonjezereka yowonjezera ogontha pogwiritsa ntchito madzi. Mtsinje wa masentimita 30 umapulidwa pamtunda wa chiwembucho. Uyenera kumangirizidwa ndi m'mphepete mwawo kuti, kamodzi kameneko, chinyama sichikhoza kutuluka (mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezera pa slate). Pa mtunda wina ndi mzake, chimbudzi chimachotsedwa mkati mwa ngalande, zomwe zimadzaza ndi madzi kuti muluwo ukhale pamtunda, kenako umathyoka n'kukhala m'madzi ena.
Kuchita bwino kwa njirayi, komabe, kumadzutsa kukayikira kwakukulu chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito mwakhama popanda kulimbikitsidwa konse. Inde, ndi kukoka munthu wotumidwa kuchokera m'dzenje - chisangalalo sichiri cha mtima wokomoka.
Gwiritsani ntchito ziphe
Poizoni ndi njira ina yodabwitsa yochotseratu makoswe. Kawirikawiri, makoswewa amatha kupha mankhwala omwewo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi makoswe, koma sayenera kuiwalika kuti dacha si malo osungiramo katundu kapena mzinda, pali anthu pano, ana amasewera komanso ziweto zimadyetsedwa. Ndipo zomera zomwe zimagwidwa ndi poizoni wa makoswe siziyenera kukhala ngati chakudya (ngakhale ngati poizoni aikidwa mwachindunji mumtunda, akadali osatetezeka). 
Ndikofunikira! Kulephera kwa poizoni polimbana ndi gadfly ndi chifukwa chakuti, monga kunanenedwa, ndodoyi ndi yochenjera kwambiri. Kuonjezerapo, poti pali chakudya chochuluka kwa nyama yomwe ili pamtengowu, pali pangakhale kochepa kwambiri kuti idzakhala nyambo ndi poizoni yomwe idzasankhidwe ndi nyama kuti idye chakudya chamadzulo.Ngati chilakolako cholimbirana ndi makoswe ndi njira zazikulu sichikutaika, chifukwa chaichi mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwalawa, "The Nutcracker" (ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi bromadiolone). Ndipo ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga "Krotomet", "Antikrot" kapena "Detia", zomwe amachitazo zimachokera ku zinthu zonunkhira, zomwe sizili poizoni, ngakhale, mwina, osati zogwira mtima.
Akupanga Repeller Installation
Pomalizira, pali njira yamakono komanso yamunthu yothetsera vutoli, kuchotseratu makoswe m'munda, makina opanga magetsi, ogwira ntchito kuchokera pajayi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mabatire wamba. Zida zamtengo wapatali zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa. 
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito chipangizochi ndi yofanana ndi owopsa: Amaganizira kwambiri za mphamvu yamagulu a makoswe, koma pakali pano, mafunde sakufalitsidwa osati kupyola mumlengalenga, koma kudutsa mu nthaka. Zikudziwika kuti phokoso la mulu, monga nyama zina zapansi, limakhala ndi phokoso lachidziwitso chochepa, ndikumveka bwino komwe kumafalitsidwa mobisa, makamaka ngati pali magalimoto apamtunda, ndiko kuti, m'magulu a pansi pa nthaka.
Phokoso lopangidwa ndi wobwebweta lili pafupipafupi kuyambira 35 mpaka 65 kHz. Ndikufuna kunena kuti khutu la munthu siligwire, koma kwenikweni silo. Komabe, opanga operekera katunduwo amanena kuti chipangizocho chingathe kupatsa nkhawa, ngakhale kumangirira m'makutu ndi kumutu, kwa munthu kokha ngati atakhala pafupi (mpaka theka la mita) kuchokera kwa phokoso la phokoso kwa nthawi yaitali.
Choncho, kuti mupewe kukhumudwitsa, ndikwanira kuti musawatsogolere mwachindunji nokha ngati mutakhala pamtunda kwa maola angapo. Ana amalimbikitsidwanso kuti apite patsogolo. Zonse za chipangizocho ndi zotetezeka kwathunthu. 
Kotero, wobwezeretsayo amapanga zamoyo zosatha kapena ndi kanthawi kochepa kazimveka komwe anthu amazindikira, koma amadziwika bwino ndi anthu okhala pansi pa nthaka. Zosintha zoterezi zimadalira mtundu wa chipangizochi - kuchokera makumi khumi mpaka mamita masikweya mazana, koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ngati pali zotsutsana, dera likuchepa.
Choncho, ngati malowa ndi osagwirizana, pali zinyumba, zomangamanga, zipinda zapansi, zitsime, ndi zina zotero - ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri. Mphamvu yosautsa ya phokoso lakumveka kumathandiza kumva kumva makoswe ndi makoswe ndi nyama zomwe nyama zimakonda kupeza malo osasunthika.
Ndikofunikira! Palibe amene akufuna kuchoka m'nyumba yomangidwa bwino komanso yovuta, kotero opanga chipangizo amachenjeza: wobwebweta samapereka kanthu kokha: motsimikiza kuti vutoli silinathetsekedwe, khungu limapanga chisankho chovuta kuti asachoke ku gwero la nkhawa. Kuchokera pa kukonza kwa chipangizo kuti mupeze zotsatira zofunikira, nthawi zina zimatenga miyezi imodzi ndi theka.
Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa mmalo mwachindunji pansi pa nthaka - popanda mthunzi uliwonse, popeza mkokomo wopangidwa ndi chipangizocho umatambasulidwa pansi, osati kupyolera mlengalenga, motero mphamvu zake zimadalira molingana ndi kuchuluka kwake kwa kukhudzana kwa dothi ndi nthaka. Chipangizocho chimakumba pansi, pafupifupi masentimita asanu ayenera kukhala pamtunda, ndiye kuti nthaka ikuzungulira bwino. Chophimba cha chipangizocho chiyenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu kuteteza chinyezi kuti chisalowe, chomwe chikhoza kuwononga mabatire.
Ngati patapita nthaŵi yaitali, makoswewo sanachoke pamtengowu, mukhoza kuyendetsa malowa kumalo ena - mwinamwake chirombochi chinatha kupeza ngodya m'makonzedwe ake omwe mafunde sakufika, ndipo njira yosavuta ikhoza kuthetsa vutoli.
Совершенно очевидно, что подобное электронное устройство имеет целый ряд преимуществ по сравнению практически со всеми описанными выше способами борьбы с грызуном.
Во-первых, оно экологически безопасно и действует точечно на подземных вредителей, не причиняя никакого вреда ни людям, ни домашним любимцам, ни птицам, пчелам и другим желанным гостям на участке.
Chachiwiri, ndi njira yeniyeni yolimbana nayo ndi nyama yopanda chilema, chipangizocho sichipha nyama, koma chimangochotsa.
Chachitatu, chipangizochi sichimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamtengo wapatali, sichimatengera malo ambiri m'munda, ndipo sichimasintha tsamba lanu kuti likhale gulu la "manja okhwima" omwe ali ndi zingwe zosiyanasiyana zomangirira zomangirizidwa pa zingwe.
Chinthu chinanso cha chipangizochi ndichoti chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa zaka zingapo (zokwanira kuti musinthe mabatire kapena kuika batri, ndipo ngati mutagula chipangizo cha dzuwa, simukusowa kuchita chilichonse, chipangizo chimadzipangira okha).
Eya, uthenga wabwino wotsiriza: makoswe a mole ndi chilombo chosowa. Ngati asiya tsamba lanu, vutoli lidzathetsedwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
Ngati tilankhula za zolephera za njirayi yogwiritsira ntchito makoswe, ndiye kuti ndi imodzi yokha yomwe ingathe kusankhidwa: chinyama sichitha, koma chimangochoka.
Ndipo pakuganizira kuti ayenera kusunthira pansi, sichidzasuntha kwambiri.
Choncho, ngati palibe mahandolo ozungulira malo anu, koma pafupi ndi dachas, ndiye kuti, kuthetsa vuto lanu, mumangoziika pamitu ya anthu omwe amakhala pafupi. Mulimonsemo, kupha kapena kuthamangitsa - kusankha ndiko kwanu!
