Carnation ndi imodzi mwa maluwa otchuka kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pocheka maluwa. Iyo imakula mu nthaka yotseguka ndi mu greenhouses. Maluwa achilengedwe ndi am'munda nthawi zambiri samadwala matenda osiyanasiyana. Simunganene za zomera zotentha, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi mabakiteriya, bowa, mavairasi. M'nkhani ino, tawasankha kuti mufotokoze njira zopezera ndi kuchiza matenda ofala kwambiri a clove.
Alternaria
Zizindikiro za Alternaria, zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi bowa la tizilombo, ndizungulira kapena mabala oblongwa pamphepete mwa tsamba. Pambuyo pake, amawoneka akuda ndi maolivi. Makhalidwe ofanana ndi mawanga ndi tsinde, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume. Masamba zokhoma ndi zouma.
Bowa la matenda limfalikira kudzera mu zomera zowonongeka ndi zomera zowonongeka. Chinthu chabwino chokhalira kubereka kwake ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Matendawa amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira ndi mvula yambiri.
Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya ma clove yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi Alternaria, m'pofunika kutchula "Shabo". Zinyama ndi kulima maluwa zambiri zimagonjetsedwa ndi matendawa.
Njira zothandizira. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala a Alternaria, m'pofunika kuyesa kukula ndi zomera zathanzi. Pochita izi, amafunika kudyetsedwa ndi feteleza omwe ali ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Kutentha kwa nthaka sikuyenera kulekerera; kuthira bwino kuyenera kubzala pobzala kuti madzi amvula asapitirire. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti apange zowonjezeretsa nayitrogeni, chifukwa kuchulukitsa kwawo kungathandizenso kuti chitukukocho chikule. Musayambe kukulira mabala, makamaka Shabo, pa malo amodzi kwa zaka zoposa ziwiri mzere. Kubzala zimagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zokha maluwa wathanzi.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Mukazindikira zizindikiro za Alternaria, zomera zowonongeka zimawonongedwa. Ndiye kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika kangapo ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi, 0.25% njira ya mkuwa oxychloride kapena kukonzekera kwina (Chom, Ridomil Gold) ndi nthawi ya masiku 10-15.
Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zokayikitsa kuti mubzalidwe, perekani ndi fungicides kapena muzitentha 50 ºС kwa mphindi 15.
Ascohitosis cloves
Matenda ena amtundu wa cloves ndi ascochytosis. Zikuwoneka ngati malo oviira ndi mphukira yamdima, pomwe kenako mdima wakuda kapena wofiira sclerotia amaumbidwa ngati madontho aang'ono.
Mofanana ndi matenda oyamba, amafalikira ndi zomera zowononga ndi zowonongeka.
Njira zothandizira. Ndikofunika kuchotsa ndi kuwononga zitsamba zakugwa mu kugwa. Analimbikitsa njira kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pamaso pa kuyamba maluwa Bordeaux osakaniza kapena kukonzekera munali mkuwa ("Hom", "Abiga-nsonga", "Oksikhom, etc."). Pa nyengo yokula pogwiritsa ntchito chida "Phindu".
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pamene matenda amapezeka pa cloves, amachotsedwa ndikuwonongedwa ndi kuwotcha. Zomera zosakhudzidwa zimayambitsidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi kapena fungicides.
Mukudziwa? Zozizwitsa ndi tulips ali ndi matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo. Kawirikawiri ndi ma tulips omwe amanyamula matenda pa mabala. Choncho mbeu izi siziyenera kubzalidwa pafupi.
Bacteriosis
Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa bacteriosis kapena mabakiteriya, mizu, zimayambira, mphukira, masamba a chomera amavutika. Matendawa akhoza kukula mofulumira - kufala kumwalira mwezi umodzi. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mizu pa izo ndi muzu wa khosi, kukula kumapangidwa. Komanso, kuphulika kumaonedwa kovunda ndi imfa ya mizu. Masamba amatembenuka imvi ndi yobiriwira. Chizindikiro china chikhoza kukhala chowoneka mkati mwa mitsempha yamkati ya tsamba la chlorotic mafupa, pamene atsekedwa, omwe amatulutsa madzi. Masentimita 1-2 masentimita ataliatali amapezeka pamayambira. Pogonjetsedwa ndi mitsempha yachitsamba, imakhala yofiira, yotsekemera, yomwe imayambitsa kuphulika.
Njira zothandizira. Ngati maluwawo adzalidwa ndi cuttings, zomera zokha zimasankhidwa kudula. Chimodzimodzinso ndi mbewu - ziyenera kutengedwa m'masitolo apadera kapena maluwa otsimikiziridwa. Asanadzalemo, cuttings wa cuttings amachiritsidwa mu njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. Kupanga mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amkuwa, mankhwala "Gamar", "Fitoflavin" amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pamene zizindikiro zoyambirira za bacteriosis zimaonekera, zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kuchotsedwa panthaka ndi kutenthedwa. Ground pansi pa mizu madzi okwanira ndi fungicides "Alirin-B", "Fitosporin-M", "Planriz" kapena ena.
Botrytis (imvi yovunda)
Botrytis amakhudza mabala ngati nyengo imakhala yozizira komanso imanyowa kwa nthawi yaitali. Zimathandizanso kuti chitukuko chikhale cholimba, malo osagwiritsidwa ntchito, osapatsa feteleza ndi nayitrogeni.
Matendawa amadziwonetsera pa maluwa a mabala ndi imvi.
Njira zothandizira. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zomera ndi nkhungu zakuda, greenhouses ndi mpweya wabwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa mpweya wa chinyezi. Pofuna kuteteza kufalikira kwa matendawa, fungicides amafalikira panthawi yamkuntho. Ndikofunika kuti asawononge zomera panthawi yomasuka kapena kupalira. M'chaka ndi autumn, njira yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa mkuwa sulfate ikuchitika, ndipo pa vegetative nthawi iwo amachiritsidwa ndi "Fundazol".
Zotsatira zoletsa. Zomera zimachotsedwa mwamsanga pansi ndikuwonongedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapangitsa kuti kulima kwa cloves kuli bwino ndi kuthirira kwake bwino - chomera sichimalola madzilogging.
Kupuma kwapadera
Zizindikiro za matenda a fungus heterosporia ndi mawanga obiriwira ndi mdima wofiira. Zilombo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi madontho otere amafota ndi kufa nthawi. Njira zothandizira. Pofuna kupewa matendawa, maluwa amathiridwa katatu pafupipafupi masabata awiri ndi "Nitrafen" (2%), mkuwa chloroxide (0.6-0.8%) ndi mankhwala ena mu kugwa ndi masika. Njira yothira madzi, kuti madzi asagwe pa masamba ndi maluwa.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Zodwala zimawononga. Katani mankhwala Bordeaux madzi, mkuwa oxychloride, "Zinebom."
Kupatula
Mabala a mitsempha ndi mavairasi, matenda owopsa omwe salipo, angakhudze matendawa. Makhalidwe ake ali ndi timapepala tating'onoting'ono. Pamene matendawa akupita, mawanga ndi mphete zimapangidwa pa masamba a khungu. Chomeracho chimalepheretsa kukula, pali chifuwa chitukuko. Nsonga za masamba zimakhala zavy, kupindika pansi.
Njira zothandizira. Ndikofunika kugula zipangizo zokhazokha m'masitolo apadera okhazikika kapena minda yomwe imatsimikiziridwa kuti imakhala mbande. Mukamabzala ndi zina zamasamba, zipangizo zamaluwa zimakonzedwa. Ndiyenso kulimbana ndi tizirombo zomwe zimanyamula mavairasi.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Palibe.
Mosaic
Imodzi mwa matenda owopsa kwambiri a clove ndi zithunzi. Amakhala ndi mawanga obiriwira pa masamba ndi makapu. Pamene matendawa akupita, mawanga amawombera ndi kutuluka, kupanga kuphompho. Masamba auma. Maluwa a maluwa amadzazidwa ndi zikopa zazing'ono. Pamapeto pake, chitukuko cha matendawa chimafa imfa.
Njira zothandizira. Kugwirizana ndi malamulo a zamakono zaulimi - mkhalidwe waukulu wopewa mosavuta. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuchotsa namsongole omwe angathe kufalitsa mavairasi komanso kuthana ndi tizilombo toyamwa - otengera matendawa.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Pakadali pano, njira zothetsera matenda a tizilombo sizinapangidwe.
Kutupa
Mphunoyi imakhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri, khungu la causative limene ndi bowa lovulaza. Zimakhudza masamba, zimayambira ndi petioles za chomera - amapanga mabala a bulauni ndi ma chikasu. Zimayambira zimakhala zowopsya, zong'amba ndi zong'onongeka.
Nkhuku imakula pa zomera zomwe zimamera mumkhalidwe wa chinyezi, zimakhala ndi nayitrogeni wochuluka ndi kusowa kwa potaziyamu. M'malo otentha, matendawa amafalikira m'nyengo yachisanu ndi yozizira pa kutentha kwa 18-20 ° C.
Njira zothandizira. Kupewa kumathirira madzi okwanira komanso kupewa kutaya kwa chinyezi. Kupatsidwa feteleza wa foliar pogwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu nitrate (0,5%). Malo ogulitsira ayenera kufotokozedwa nthawi zambiri. Kulowera sikuyenera kukulitsidwa. Ndikofunika kuwononga namsongole, omwe angakhale othandiza pakati pa bowa-pathogen.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Mankhwalawa amapangidwa pogwiritsira ntchito firicidal sprays. Bordeaux madzi, "Topaz", "Baktofit", etc. amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ndikofunikira! Kupopera mankhwala ndi fungicides ayenera kuchitidwa popanda mphepo, youma, nyengo yozizira, m'mawa kapena madzulo.
Rhizoctoniosis
Rhizoctoniosis imachititsa kuti zitsamba zisawonongeke pamtunda wa mizu. Chotsatira chake, madzi ndi zakudya zimayima kuthamangira mbali ya pamwamba. Masamba amakhala owala chikasu, owuma. Mizu imakhudzidwa ndi zowola.
Njira zothandizira. Kusamala kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi mabungwe omwe amalimbikitsa kukula kwa clove. Manyowa a panthaŵi yake ndi nthaka kumasula - ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya umapezeka bwino. Kufika sikuyenera kuchitidwa mozama kwambiri.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kuchiza kwa zomera ndi nthaka ndi kukonzekera "Maxim", "Alirin B".
Chovala cha Septoriosis
Nkhumba zotchedwa septoria zimayambitsa mawanga obiriwira achikasu ndi mzere wofiirira. Pamene matendawa akupita, madontho a pakati amatembenuka, amafa ndikugwa, kupanga mabowo. Black sclerotia ndi fungal spores amawoneka bwino pa matenda a kachilomboka.
Njira zothandizira. Pambuyo pa maluwa opopera maluwa amapangidwa ndi njira zamkuwa muzolemba, komanso "Phindu", "Trichodermine". Popeza bowa overwinters mu zotsalira za zomera zowonongeka, m'dzinja ndi kofunika kutsuka pansi pansi pa flowerbeds ndi kumalima munda.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ikani mankhwala opopera. Zodwala zimawononga.
Sclerotinia
Mukawona kuti fluffy imafalikira pamunsi kapena masamba, masambawo akhoza kugwidwa ndi sclerotinia. Matendawa amachititsa kuti mizu iwonongeke.
Njira zothandizira. Kusungunuka kwa chinyezi ndipo analimbikitsa kutentha pamene mukukula cloves m'mitengo yobiriwira. Musaiwale kuti thumba silikukonda nthaka yambiri. Nthawi zambiri ayenera kumasula nthaka.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kuchiza ndi mankhwala "Alirin B", "Glyocladin", "Maxim".
Tracheomycosis (verticillary wilt)
Wothandizira ca tracheomycosis, kapena verticillary wilt, ndi bowa la mtundu wa Verticillium. Matendawa amapezeka mnthaka. Kumeneko bowa amalowa ndi zitsamba zamatenda. Zizindikiro za matenda: masamba apansi amatembenukira chikasu ndi kuuma, zomera zimatha. Bowa limapangitsa kuti mitsempha ikhale yovuta kwambiri.
Njira zothandizira. Pofuna kupewa, m'pofunika kusamalira njira zoyenera zaulimi, kubzala mbewu pa malo, kudzala ndi phosphorous-containing and potash fertilizers.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Kukana ndi kuwonongeka kwa zomera zodwala. Kupanga chithandizo "Readzol" (2%), kutchera nthaka.
Fusarium
Ndi kupuma kwa fusarium, kuphulika kwa zimayambira za kuphulika, kukasupa ndi kuphulika kwa masamba, kusabzalidwa kwa maluwa, kusinthasintha kwa mizu ndi khola la mizu kumawonedwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa mu mitsempha ya zomera ndipo pang'onopang'ono timatsogolera ku imfa ya duwa.
Zomwe zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha Fusarium chikule bwino, zimakula kwambiri, kutentha ndi nthaka yowirira ndi acidity.
The spores wa tizilombo bowa amapitirizabe mu matenda, zomera chomera ndi nthaka.
Njira zothandizira. Kuti muteteze cloves ku matenda oopsa kwambiri, ndibwino kuti mulch mu nthaka ndi mchenga wabwino. Musalowerere mu feteleza zamchere, makamaka feteleza ammonia ndi ulimi wothirira mopitirira muyeso. Koma potash-phosphorous supplement for prevention sayenera kusokoneza.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Chithandizo cha matendawa n'chovuta. Choncho, njira yayikulu yolimbirana idzapewera kufalitsa kufala kwa mliri kukhala maluwa abwino. Kuti musaphonye zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda, muyenera kuyesa zomera nthawi zambiri. Pamene zomera zodwala zimapezeka, zimakumbidwa ndi kutenthedwa. Kubzala clove ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fungicides kawiri ndi nthawi ya masiku 10-15. Pambuyo polima, imasulidwa. Ma cloves amabwerera kumalo kumene kunali kuphulika kwa Fusarium, pambuyo pa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi.
Mukudziwa? Kukula kwa dothi kumadalira nthawi ya kulima mbewu yotseguka pansi komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwala muchitsekedwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mukukula maluwa m'munda kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi itatu, ndikulimbikitsanso kuti mubzalitse tchire 100 pa 1 mita imodzi. M) Pomwe kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa nyengo kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwake.
Phyllosticosis ya carnation
Matendawa amadziwika ngati aang'ono ozungulira kapena ovunda a mtundu wofiirira ndi wofiira malire. Masamba a clove odwala amatembenukira chikasu ndi owuma.
Mafangayi amatha kukhala m'mabwinja a zomera.
Njira zothandizira. Chitani njira zothandizira kupopera mankhwala pamaso pa maluwa. Amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi mkuwa, komanso katundu "Maxim", "Phindu". M'dzinja iwo amawononga chomera chotsalira.
Zotsatira zoletsa. Ma clove odwala amatulutsidwa ndi kuwotchedwa.
Kuphatikizira, tikuzindikira kuti kuteteza matendawa n'kosavuta kusiyana ndi m'tsogolo kuti tipeze njira zothetsera matenda a cloves. Ngati mukutsatira malamulo agrotechnical pamene mukukula cloves, ndi: kuchita kwambiri kukumba, mwangwiro kutsegula, modyetsa kuthirira, yolondola kudya ndi zothandiza zinthu, chiopsezo kutenga matenda kuchokera chomera adzakhala osachepera. Nkofunikanso kuti musanyalanyaze zothandizira zowonongeka kwa mbeu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala abwino kuti mubzalidwe. Zonsezi zidzakuthandizani kupewa njira zopanda chitetezo komanso zamtengo wapatali zothandizira mankhwala.
