Mitundu ya mbatata "Veneta" (kapena "Vineta") ndi otchuka kwambiri alimi a mbatata ku malo a Soviet.
Mitundu yambiri ya tubers imadziwika ndi kuphweka kulima komanso kukoma kwambiri makhalidwe a zokolola.
M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za makhalidwe ndi kufotokozera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Veneta", komanso momwe tingamerere mbatata yaikulu m'nyumba yake.
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi
Tuber "Veneta" ndi mchere zosiyanasiyana, kotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonzekera mbatata yokazinga kapena mafrimu a ku France.
Akuwombera
Buluu sredneraskidisty, wowongoka. Mphukira imakula bwino, kutalika kwake kufika pa 60-70 masentimita. Masamba amajambulidwa mu mtundu wobiriwira, m'mphepete mwawopseza pang'ono. Chotsitsacho ndi chaching'ono, nthawi zambiri beige ndi choyera. Pafupifupi 10-12 zipatso zimatha kupanga chitsamba chimodzi.
Zipatso
Zipatso za mitundu ya mbatata "Vineta" zimakhala zozungulira komanso zochepa. Tsabola ndi lofiira lachikasu kapena lofiirira, thupi ndi lowala pang'ono kuposa peel ndipo kawirikawiri limakhala ndi nthochi ya nthochi yosapsa. Mu gawoli, tubers ili ndi nsalu yowonekera. Maso pa mbatata za zosiyanasiyanazi ndizochepa, ndipo ngati simukuyang'anitsitsa, siziwonekeratu. 
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi buku lina, mbatata zinayambitsidwa ku Ulaya kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1600. Komabe, pazaka 200 zotsatira, anthu akumadzulo kwa Ulaya adapewa kuyanjana ndi chomeracho m'njira iliyonse, chifukwa ankaona kuti ndizoopsa komanso "mdierekezi."
Kulemera kwake kwa tubers ndi 80-90 g. Kuwonjezeka kwa zipatso sikupitirira 15.5%. Ngati mukutsatira njira yoyenera yolima kulima, zida zokoma za tubers zidzakhala pamwamba kwambiri.
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
Mitengo ya mbatata "Veneta" ndi mchere woyambirira. Ali ndi kukoma kwakukulu kwa zipatso ndi zokolola zabwino. Pokumbukira agrofone ndi zofunikira zonse za agrotechnical, kuchokera ku 1 hekitala ya minda ya mbatata ikhoza kukololedwa kuchokera ku 235 mpaka 239 omwe ali ndi mbeu. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi ubwino wokana chilala ndi kukana mitundu yambiri ya mliri.
Veneta ndi wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi a mbatata ku Central Asia, kumene vuto la mphepo nthawi zonse limatchulidwa. Chifukwa chakuti zipatso za "Veneta" sizimasokoneza ngakhale atatentha kwambiri, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zakudya zosiyanasiyana: soups, stews, saladi, fries French, etc. 
Ndikofunikira! Zosiyanasiyanazi ndi chimodzi mwazochepa zomwe sizisintha mtundu wa zamkati pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha.
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Mitundu ya mbatata iyi ili ndi ubwino wambiri, womwe umalimbikitsa olima mbatata kuti azikula Veneta:
- kumsika kwakukulu: kuchokera 85% kufika 97%;
- Kukula koyambirira ndi kowonjezera kucha kwa tubers;
- kukoma ndipamwamba kwambiri, mungagwiritse ntchito kuphika mwamtundu uliwonse mbale;
- amapitirizabe kukhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa nthawi yaitali;
- Masamba a mphukira sagwedezeka;
- yoyenera kulima m'madera ndi mvula yambiri;
- Kulimbana ndi matenda ambiri a mitundu yosiyanasiyana: ma ARV ndi makwinya a makwinya, khansara ya mbatata, etc;
- Chitetezo chamtundu ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kuwonongeka kwa mawotchi;
- osadzichepetsa kuti apange nthaka yolima.
Kuipa kwa mbatata iyi sikunayambe. Kodi ena akulima amatha kunena kuti zosiyanasiyana zingakhudzidwe ndi vutoli, choncho muyenera kuthana nalo mnthawi yake.Momwe mungabzalitsire mbatata
Ngati mukutsatira malamulo oyambirira a kubzala mitengo, mukhoza kubwereranso mankhwala oyambirira a masamba.
Malo oti akule
Ndi bwino kukula mbatata pa mchenga, mchenga, mchere kapena loamy dothi. Nkhalango zamaluwa zimalinso zoyenera kulima. Komabe, ndizosayenera kubzala mbatata pa katundu loamy ndi dongo dothi. Zomera zachisanu zimaonedwa kuti ndizo zoyenera kutsogolera za tubers. Komabe, musayambe kubzala "Veneta" komwe tomato anakulira chaka chatha, popeza masamba awiriwa ali ndi matenda omwewo.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu ya mbatata imeneyi inalengedwa ndi obereketsa achi German pakati pa zaka makumi awiri.
Mbatata, mosiyana ndi mbewu zina, amafunikira mpweya 4-5 kuposa oxygen. Choncho, musanadzalemo, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa ndi kuyamwa, kenako imatsitsimutsidwa. Mitundu ya tubers ikukula, choncho nthaka ya kubzala iyenera kukhala yosalala komanso yosasunthika. Kutsegula kumasulidwe kawiri: mu autumn ndi kasupe (ingoyamba kubzala).Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mbewuyi, pali zipangizo zingapo zomwe zimachotsa ntchito yowonongeka ndi kuyambitsa kulima - mbatata zopanga mbatata, mapiri, mbatata za mbatata.
Kusankha kwa Tuber
Kusankhidwa kwa tubers kwa kubzala kumayamba masabata angapo musanadzalemo. Muyenera kusankha timers of size pakati ndi maso ang'onoang'ono. Chomera chovunda chimachotsedwa nthawi yomweyo. Akatswiri amati amalimbikitsa kubzala mbewu ndi yankho la boric acid kapena mankhwala amadzimadzi a manyowa. Njira zoterezi zingalimbitse zoteteza mphamvu za tubers.
Ngati mufuna kugula zakuthupi pamsika, perekani zokondweretsa zamatenda kapena zachilendo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kusowa kwawo m'deralo sidzadziwika kwambiri ku matenda osiyanasiyana. Koma, mwatsoka, ndizoyamba zaka 3-4 zokha.
Kubzala mbatata
Bzalani mbatata "Veneta" kumapeto kwa mwezi wa April kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi yoyamba kucha, m'madera akum'mwera mumadzinso kubzala. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti nthawi yomwe mukufuna kugwira ntchito yofika, usiku chisanu chiyenera kusiya.
Mukamabzala, tubers amaikidwa mumtunda womasuka mwa masentimita 7 mpaka 10. Ngati dothi silinayambe, dothi liyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi 30-35% (koma ndibwino kuti musabzalidwe mbatata mumtunda wotere, popeza kuti mbeu ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu idzachepa kwambiri). Mtunda pakati pa mizere ya tubers iyenera kukhala pafupi 60-70 masentimita, pakati pa tubers mzere - 25-30 masentimita. Nambala izi ndizofotokozera, ndipo ndi zofunika kuziphatikizira, chifukwa ngati kutalika sikusungidwa, ndiye kuti mavuto angabwere pamene akukwera ndi kukolola.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba Peter ine ndinabweretsa mbatata ku dziko la Russia.
Maphunziro a Gulu
Kusamalira bwino ndi panthaŵi yake - chinsinsi cha kupambana kwabwino kotuta. Ngakhale kuti zosiyanazi sizitchuka makamaka mu chisamaliro, koma simungalole kuti zinthu zizipita mwangozi.
Kuthirira ndi fetereza
Kum'mwera madera a Russia ndi Ukraine, mtundu uwu wa mbatata umafuna kuthirira. Tawonapo kale kuti "Veneta" ndi mtundu wa mbatata wosagonjetsa chilala, ndipo izi ndi zoona; Komabe, ngati tinyalanyaza ulimi wothirira m'madera otentha ndi owuma, mlingo wa khalidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mbeu idzatsika kwambiri. Mu chapakati ndi kumpoto kwa Ukraine, komanso pakati ndi kumadzulo zigawo Russia ndi modabwitsa chinyezi chilimwe, kuthirira akhoza kwathunthu aiwalika.
Komabe, monga alimi odziwa bwino amati, Veneta amafuna kuthirira 3 nyengo yonse.: kuthirira koyamba kuyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga pambuyo pa kumera kwa tchire, yachiwiri - pomaliza mbeu, lachitatu - kumapeto kwa maluwa.
Madzi ayenera kukhala ochuluka, monga dothi liyenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi osachepera theka la mita mita. Pa ichi muyenera kuthira pafupifupi 50 malita a madzi pa 1 m². Kuthirira bwino kumachitika bwino m'mawa, monga nthawi yotentha yomwe tubers ikhoza kuchiza. 
Dyetsani mbatata kuyamba mwezi umodzi mutabzala. Kumadera ena kumpoto kwa Russia, kudyetsa kungachedweredwe mpaka m'ma June. Mitundu ya tubers imayankha bwino kuvala pamwamba ndi superphosphates, feteleza osakaniza, sulfati kapena potaziyamu mankhwala ena. Mu sitolo mungathe kutenga mwamsanga feteleza nayitrogeni-phosphorous-potaziyamu ndi kuyika 10:20:10. Zizindikiro zimatanthauza chiŵerengero cha zinthu zomwe zili mu phukusi ndi feteleza. Manyowa oterewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi malangizo pamodzi ndi kuthirira.
Pambuyo pa kudyetsa koyamba njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwa kawiri kawiri. Nthawi yoyamba - pamene masamba akuwoneka, wachiwiri - kutha kwa maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mphukira za mbatata ndi zazikulu komanso zobiriwira, ndiye kuti feteleza nitrogenous (ammonium nitrate, urea, etc.) ndi zochuluka ndipo siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka.
Zosiyanasiyana zimayankha bwino kwa organic feteleza, monga zitosi mbalame. Bweretsani izo pa mlingo wa 200 g pa mita iliyonse. 
Kupalira, kumasula, kukwera
Kutsegula ndi kupalira mmimba ndizofunikira kwambiri pakusamalira Veneta. Ngati tilola kukula kwa namsongole pa mbeu za mbatata, zokolola zidzatsika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, kutumphuka kolimba pamtunda pamwamba pa nthaka kudzachititsa kuti tubers adzalandira mpweya wochepa, motero, khalidwe lawo lidzachepetsanso.
Kutsegula kumatulutsidwa mothandizidwa ndi rake. Nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa mpaka mabere onse aakulu a padziko atachotsedwa. Ndi kasupe wautali, njira zoterezi zikubwerezedwa osachepera 2-3 nthawi. Komanso, musaiwale za kumasula nthawi yomweyo mutatha kuthirira. Panthawi imeneyi, muyenera kumasula nthaka mothandizidwa ndi khasu, koma mosamala kwambiri kuti musayambe kuwononga zitsamba.
Kuperekera kwa mbeu kumachitika kangapo nthawi yonseyi. Chiwerengero cha namsongole chimadalira pafupipafupi zomwe namsongole atsopano adzawonekera pa chiwembucho. Udzu wa mbatata wamsongole umafuna kusowa. Pothirira nyemba, nthaka imamasulidwa, choncho ntchito ziwiri zingathetsedwe mwakamodzi.
Ndikofunikira! Dothi la mbatata silikulimbikitsidwa kuti abzalidwe mu nthaka yowonjezereka, chifukwa akhoza kuvunda.
Pafupifupi onse wamaluwa m'mayiko mwathu amaganizira mbatata yokwera ngati imodzi mwa magawo akulu a kusamalira iwo. Pali malingaliro osiyana pa izi. Alimi ena amagwiritsa ntchito mbatata yakuya - ndipo kufunika kwa hilling kumachotsedwa. Ena amagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono - pamene nsonga za mbatata zimafalikira pansi ndikuphimba ndi mulch, kusiya nsonga zokha. Onse awiri amakhutira ndi zotsatira.Kumadera akummwera ndi kumpoto kwa Russia, mbatata za Veneta ziyenera kuchepetsedwa pamene tchire lifika kutalika kwa masentimita 12-15. Kumadera amenewo komwe usiku chisanu chikhoza kupitirira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, phirili limapangidwa mwamsanga pakatha mphukira yoyamba kuchokera kunthaka. Koma ngakhale zonsezi, njirayi ikuchitika m'mawa kapena madzulo. Komanso, munda wonse umathiriridwa mochuluka, kapena mvula itatha.
Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo
Kawirikawiri mbatata mbewu imayambitsa Colorado mbatata kachilomboka. Mbalame aliyense wa mbatata amadziwa momwe angagwirire ndi tizilombo. Colorado kafadala nthawi zonse amabweretsa chitetezo kwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana, choncho nthawi zambiri amayenera kukonzedwa kangapo, nthawi zonse ndi kukonzekera kosiyana.
Alimi wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuwononga tizirombo ndi njira zamagetsi. Mwachitsanzo - kusonkhanitsa mphutsi za kachilomboka mu zida zowonjezera ndi mafuta a mafuta kapena mchere (muzitsulo zotere zimamwalira). 
Polimbana ndi nthata ya Colorado mbatata imathandizira njira yothetsera urea. Konzekerani ndi mlingo wa 100 g wa urea pa 10 malita a madzi, ndiyeno muwazazani m'mawa kapena madzulo. Pofuna kuteteza maonekedwe a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mungathe kuika peyala pang'ono pazitsamba mutabzala tubers.
Kupopera mankhwala mankhwala sikuloledwa kamodzi kamodzi pa masiku 6-8.
Mukudziwa? "Linzer Blaue" ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata yomwe ili ndi mnofu wa buluu.
Against wireworms ntchito nyambo yopangidwa kuchokera ku magawo a mbatata. Amaikidwa m'manda mozama, kenako amakoka ndikuwononga mphutsi zonse.
Polimbana ndi zimbalangondo amagwiritsa ntchito misampha yochokera ku chimanga chophika, mapira, mafuta, tirigu, ndi zina.
Pofuna kupewa kutuluka kwa mbatata ndi mbatata pamatolo, muyenera kutsatira zonse zomwe mungachite. Pofuna kupewa maatodes kuti asawoneke pa tsamba, nthaka imayambitsidwa ndi thiazone masiku 30 isanayambe kubzala (40%). Pofuna kuteteza maonekedwe a njenjete, nkofunikira kuchita mankhwala ndi karbofos 10%. 
Zimadziwika kuti zosiyanasiyana "Veneta" zingakhudzidwe ndi vutoli. Monga njira yoteteza, minda iyenera kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala awa: Ridomil Gold kapena Acrobat. Gwiritsani ntchito molingana ndi malangizo; Chithandizo choyamba chikuchitika pamene tchire lifika kutalika kwa 15-20 cm.
Kukolola ndi kusungirako
Mwamsanga mutatha kukolola mbatata ayenera kukhala zouma mokhazikika mpweya wabwino. Mu chipinda chotere sayenera kupeza dzuwa lachindunji. Kuonjezera apo, kutentha kwakukulu sikungakhale kosayenera. Pambuyo kuyanika, mbatata ya zosiyanasiyana "Vineta" iyenera kuwonongeka mu matumba a gridi ndipo imabisika pansi kapena pansi. Wachiwiri ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wokwanira komanso chinyezi.
"Veneta" ikusiyana ndi kusungidwa bwino. Pambuyo pa miyezi 7 mpaka 9 mutatha kukolola, zidzatsalira pa 88% patsikuli; pambali pake, makhalidwe ake adzalandidwa pamwamba.
Mbatata zosiyanasiyana "Veneta" - yodabwitsa pa kukoma kwake ndi katundu. Mavitamini a amino, omwe ali mu malemba ake, samataya ngakhale atalandira chithandizo cha kutentha. Kudzichepetsa pa chisamaliro ndi khalidwe lapamwamba la zamalonda zimapangitsa Vineto kukhala mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya mbatata masiku ano.
