Violet (senpolia) ndi mbewu yachikale yobadwira ku Africa, tsinde lake ndilotsika, masamba amatengedwa ndi rosette, maluwa osiyanasiyana, makulidwe, mitundu: buluu, violet, oyera-chipale, pinki, vinyo, lilac. Zomera ndizodumwa kwambiri, kuti musirire mawonekedwe awo okongola maluwa, muyenera kuwasamalira ndi malamulo.
Zofunikira pazomera za maluwa
Pakakhala kusamalidwa koyenera, senpolia sichimasamba, imayambitsa matenda a fungus, ndipo itha kufa. Imafunikira kwambiri kuthirira, yomwe imasiyana ndi momwe maluwa ena amkati amamwe madzi, kuyatsa, makontena, nthaka ndi kutentha. Ndikofunikira kudyetsa maluwa, kudula, kumuyika kokha mdziko latsopano.
Chibadwa
Mukamasankha chipinda cha senpolia muziganizira zosiyanasiyana. Zoweta zidabereka mitundu yambiri. Zina mwa izo ndi zazikulu ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono, apakati kapena akulu. Pali ma violets, pomwe pali petals 5, ena amakhala ndi zochulukirapo ndipo palibe ma stamens omwe amawoneka. Komanso, mitundu ina imangotulutsa masamba atatu okha ndipo imaphukira kwambiri. Mutha kudikirira kuti maluwa ake atulutsa miyezi ingapo kapena zaka 1.5. Kutengera mitundu, nthawi yamaluwa awo ndiyosiyana.
Kusankha zoyenera
Kwa senpolia yaying'ono, mphika wa masentimita 5-7 ndiwothandiza, kwa maluwa akuluakulu masentimita 10-12. Ponseponse, muyenera kuyang'ana malo ogulitsira ndikutenga chidebe chokhala ndi theka la icho. Kutalika sikuyenera kupitirira 10 cm.
Pansi pa thankiyo muzikhala ndi mabowo a zotulutsira madziwo. Bwino kutenga zoumba, mutha kupulasitiki.
Dothi lolondola
Senpolia imafuna dothi lodetsa nkhawa pang'ono. Pezani malo apadera pamalo ogulitsa maluwa. Sikovuta kupanga dothi bwino, ndi nthaka, peat, makala, moss (1: 2: 1/2: 1/2). Kapenanso, sulani dothi la m'munda pophatikiza ndi mchenga ndikumapaka uvuni. Dongo lokwera, timiyala tating'ono timayala pansi. Kuika kumafunika kamodzi pachaka, mu gawo lapansi latsopano.
Malo
Senpolia ili kumadzulo kapena kum'mawa. M'nyengo yozizira, palibe kuwala kokwanira pazenera kuchokera kumpoto, nthawi yotentha kum'mwera kumatentha kwambiri, ndipo nyanjayo imasanjidwa kapena kukonzedwanso. Kuti mupewe hypothermia ya mizu nthawi yozizira, duwa limayikidwa mumphika pa alumali, tebulo, mumphika wamaluwa kapena pamtengo wamatabwa.
Kuwala
Ziwawa zimakonda maola masana osachepera maola 10, kuwala kumwazikana kumafunikira, maluwa amathunzi ochokera ku dzuwa. Potere, mitundu yokhala ndi masamba akuda ndi akuda imafunikira kuwala kowala kuposa ndi lopindika. Ngati duwa limatambalala, masamba a curls, limayamba kutuwa - pali kuwala pang'ono, ngati pakati pazotulutsa pali denser - kwambiri. Masamba akakhala owala, amakhuta mtundu ndipo chomera chimakhala ndi masamba ambiri - kuyatsa ndikwabwinobwino.
M'nyengo yozizira, ma phytolamp amagwiritsidwa ntchito, nthawi zambiri amayikidwa mu Novembala, ndikutsukidwa mu February. Musaiwale kutembenuza mphikawo kuti chitsamba chikule bwino.
Njira yotentha
Zomera zimakonda kutentha. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa kasupe mpaka nthawi yophukira, maluwa amafunika + 20 ... +22 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, palibe wotsika kuposa + 18 ... +20 ° ะก. M'chilimwe, +30 ° C, maluwa atha. Chifukwa chake, chipindacho ndichopuma, amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya, chogawa. Chipindacho sichimalola kukonzekera.
Chinyezi cha mpweya
Ziwawa zimapanga chinyezi chachikulu, 50-60%. M'nyengo yozizira, ndibwino kuchotsa poto pawindo, ngati njira yotenthetsera ili pafupi. Mphepo yozungulira duwa imalapulidwa osalowa pa inflorescence. Amayika chidebe chokhala ndi maluwa mu thireyi ndi dongo lonyowa, miyala. Pakakhala chinyezi chochepa, masamba amaphuka pang'onopang'ono.
Masamba a Saintpaulia sayenera kuthiridwa mankhwala kuti mupewe chiopsezo cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Njira Zothirira
Pali zinsinsi zakuthirira senpolia. Madzi amatengedwa pang'ono ndi kutentha, kukhazikika. Amathiriridwa ngati dothi likuluma, kuti madzi asagwere pambale, kukula.
Kudzera pa pallet
Madzi akhazikika pa kutentha kwa firiji amathiriridwa mu poto pa ¼ kutalika kwa mphika. Hafu ya ola nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira kuti chomera chikwaniridwe ndi chinyezi, izi zimveka poyera. Kenako zatsalira zimatsitsidwa.
Dontho
Chifukwa chake gwiritsani ntchito kuthirira ndi mphuno yopapatiza, peyala. Ngati palibe chilichonse, botolo la pulasitiki ndiloyenera, pomwe amapanga dzenje pachivundikiro ndikuyika chubu. Madzi akayamba kutuluka mumalowo, kuthirira kumakakamizidwa kenako ndikuthiridwa. Pakakhala chinyezi pamasamba, zimanyowa ndi nsalu yowuma.
Kumiza
Pakakhala kotentha kwambiri, mumiza maluwo mumtsuko wa madzi okhazikika kwa ola limodzi. Kenako ikulowezeni ndikuyiyika pamalo ake oyambilira.
Wick
M'chilimwe, mukafunikira kuchoka ndipo palibe wondisamalira maluwa, njira iyi ndiyabwino.
Chingwe choonda chimayikidwa mumphika (chingwe chakunyumba, ulusi wa akiliriki, nsapato), chakumapeto kwake chimatuluka kudzera mu dzenje lakutsatira, chachiwiri chimakulungidwa ndi mphete pakati pa dothi. Ikani mphikawo pamwamba pa mbale ndi madzi, wokutidwa ndi chivindikiro, tsitsani chingwe, pomwe dothi limapeza madzi okwanira.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Miyezi iwiri mutabzala mu dothi la shopu, maluwa amapatsidwa chakudya. Kuti muchite izi, gulani feteleza wovuta. Apilikeni ndi madzi motsatira malangizo, koma ochulukirapo kuposa momwe adawonetsera, ndikuthilira pansi pamasamba kuti amadzimadzi asakoloze pa iwo, kapena kudzera mu thireyi. Poterepa, dothi limayamba kunyowa.
Maluwa achichepere amafunika feteleza wa nayitrogeni, chifukwa maluwa - potashi ndi phosphorous. Imadyetsedwa kawiri pamwezi pa maluwa, kamodzi pakupuma.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, matenda ndi tizilombo toononga nthawi zambiri zimakhudza maluwa.
Matenda / tizilombo | Kuwonetsera / Zifukwa | Njira zoyesera |
| Gray zowola | Utoto wonenepa, wonyezimira umawoneka pamasamba ndi petioles. Kusiyanitsa kotentha, kuchulukitsa komanso kuthilira pafupipafupi ndi madzi ozizira. | Amathandizidwa ndi fungicides (Fitosporin, Agate, Tiram). |
| Fusarium | Mizu imavunda, nyongolotsi sizimaphuka, masamba amatuwa, kenako nkugwa. Kuthirira kwambiri ndi madzi ozizira. | Lemberani Benomil, Fundazole. |
| Dzimbiri | Masamba achikasu kunja kwa masamba. Kusowa kwa dzuwa nthawi yozizira. | Magawo omwe ali ndi kachilombo amachotsedwa ndipo Bactofit, Topaz amagwiritsidwa ntchito. |
| Powdery mildew | Chikwangwani choyera pachomera. Kupanda kuwala, kutentha pang'ono m'chipindacho, fumbi. | Kukonzedwa ndi Benlat. |
| Spider mite | Madontho ofiira. Mpweya wouma. | Gwiritsani ntchito Apollo, Neoron. Pa gawo loyamba, wowerengeka azitsamba: decoction wa anyezi masamba, vodika. |
| Chingwe cha cyclamen | Pali masamba achikasu, ozungulira masamba. Chinyezi chachikulu. | |
| Ma nsabwe | Tizilombo tobiriwira, timamwa madzi a chomera. Kutengera chomera panja kapena dothi lovunda. | Ikani Mospilan, Intavir. |
| Mitima | Vutoli ili ndi malo ofiira, ang'ono. Mpweya wouma. | Utsi ndi sopo yankho, Fitoverm. |
| Chotchinga | Masamba pansipa ndi ofiira, ofiira achikaso. Wopangidwa ndi chomera chatsopano. | Ma violets aang'ono nthawi zina amayenera kuwonongeka, mankhwala ophera tizilombo (Karbofos, Aktar) amathandizira akulu. |
| Zopatsa | Uchi wonyezimira pang'ono pamtengowo. Kuwala, duwa lina. | Kukonzedwa ndi Fitoverm. |
Nthawi yopumula
Senpolia ilibe nthawi yotchulidwa. Mitundu yambiri imatha kutulutsa chaka chonse. Koma ena amafunika kupumula nthawi yozizira, chifukwa, kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, amasiya kudya, kuchotsa mapesi a maluwa ndikuchepetsa kuthirira.
A Dachnik adalangiza: Malangizo othandiza kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa kusapezeka kwa maluwa
Kuti mbewu zimere kuchokera koyambirira kwa nthawi yophukira, zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:
- Ma Bud sanapangidwe, koma pali njira zambiri - kutalika kwake ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuti ma violets.
- M'mawonekedwe, duwa ndilabwino, koma chifukwa cha zolembera zoyera - dothi latha, chomera chimafunikira cholocha chatsopano, dziko lapansi.
- Peduncles amapita pang'onopang'ono, masamba azipiringa - kuthirira kapena nthaka yayitali.
- Malo owala amawonekera pamasamba - ozizira kwambiri kapena madzi otentha kapena wowotcha dzuwa. Pofuna kuti isatenthe mbewuyo, imathiriridwa m'chilimwe dzuwa litalowa.
- Pokhala ndikusowa kapena kuphatikiza feteleza, senpolia sikhala pachimake. Chomera chimafunika phosphorous ndi potaziyamu; nayitrogeni wambiri sangakhale wofunikira.
- Ngati duwa ndi lalikulupo, woposa zaka zitatu, libzalidwe.
- Pewani kuwala kwa dzuwa.
- Masamba amayeretsedwa ndi nsalu yofewa, yofowoka pang'ono, koma yosaphatikizidwa ndi madzi.
- Nthaka sikuyenera kupukuta kapena kunyowa kwambiri.
- Osalola kusiyanasiyana.
Mukatsatira malingaliro onse, wobzala wopanda nzeru adzatha kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe a violets.
