Kabichi wofiyira: mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndi malingaliro a chisamaliro

Kabichi wofiyira ndi "wachibale" wapamtima kwambiri kwa onse abwino kabichi yoyera. Kuphatikiza pa mawonekedwe osadziwika bwino a masamba, pali zosiyana zingapo pakati pawo, koma ukadaulo waulimi ulibe malingaliro. Kusamalira sikulinso kovuta kuposa kabichi wamba, palibe chodabwitsa kuchokera kwa wolima mbewu chofunikira. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri yophatikizana ndi kubereka yaonekera, yopanda mtundu wina wowawa, womwe mpaka kalekale unkaletsa chikhalidwe kuti anthu azitchuka kwambiri.

Kodi kabichi yofiira imawoneka bwanji komanso yothandiza bwanji

Kutengera ndi kufotokozera kwa botanical, kabichi wofiira siwofanana ndi kabichi yoyera wamba. Mthunzi wosazungulira wamasamba umakhalapo chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa anthocyanins. Itha kusiyanasiyana ndi utoto wofiirira mpaka red-violet ndi buluu-lilac. Mtundu wa dothi umakhudzanso. Munthaka yachilengedwe masamba amasanduka ofiira, m'nthaka yamchere yamchere imakhala yamtambo. Anthocyanins amapereka kabichi wofiira chilimwe chowawa chakachilumbachi chomwe sianthu onse amene amakonda. Koma mitundu yambiri yamakono ndi ma hybrids omwe amaberetsedwa ndi obereketsa alibe zosasangalatsa.

Dziko lathu lakhala likuzindikira chikhalidwe ichi kwazitali. Kutchulidwa koyamba kabichi wofiira kunapezeka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Dziko lawo lakale ndi Mediterranean. Kabichi iyi imakhala makamaka ku Turkey, Greece, Tunisia, Algeria.

Potchuka pakati pa akatswiri olima maluwa a ku Russia, kabichi yofiira imakhala yotsika kwambiri kuposa kabichi yoyera

Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mutu wa kabichi kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1-1.2 kg mpaka 3.5-4 kg. Zimatengera zosiyanasiyana. Mawonekedwe, amatha kukhala ozungulira komanso osanjikizidwa, otetezedwa amakhala ochepa. Tsinde la chomera ndilifupi kwambiri, mitu ya kabichi pafupifupi ili pansi. Dongosolo lamizu ndi lamphamvu, lopangidwa. Chifukwa cha izi, kabichi wofiyira amalekerera chilala bwino ndipo samakonda kusiya muvi.

Nthawi yamasamba kabichi yofiira ndi yayitali, nthawi zambiri imakhala m'mundamo mpaka chisanu

Zomwe tikuwonetsa zikuwonetsa kuti kabichi wofiira ndi wolimba kuposa kabichi yoyera, yemwe sangathe kudwala matenda ndi tizirombo, ndipo amapanga mitu yowonda kwambiri ya kabichi. Kutentha kwakukulu pakupanga chikhalidwe ndi 16-18ºС. Mbewu zomwe zakulilidwa posachedwa m'mundamo zitha kupangitsa kuti zitsike ku -4-6 ° C, mbewu zachikulire - mpaka -6-8 ° C

Mitu ya kabichi wofiira ndi wandiweyani

Masamba si odzola, chifukwa kabichi wofiira sioyenera kutola. Utoto wa mbale panthawi yothira kutentha ndi wachindunji, kuphatikiza apo, gawo lalikulu la mapindu mu ndondomekoyi limatayika. Koma m'masaladi, kabichi iyi ndiyabwino kwambiri. Ikhozanso mchere ndi kuwaza. Ndipo mukakonza mbale yophika mbali yophika nyama, chakudya cholemera ndibwino ndipo chimayamba kugaya.

Ku Russia, kabichi wofiyira sawerengedwa, koma ku Europe kwakhala kuyamikiridwa

Zokolola nthawi zambiri zimakolola patatha masabata awiri itatha kabichi. Palinso zosankha zina - mitundu yoberekedwa ndi obereketsa yomwe mitu imapangidwa masiku 100 kapena kuchepera. Komanso kabichi iyi imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kunyamula komanso kusunga bwino. Pafupifupi mitundu yake iliyonse chifukwa cha kuwuma kwa mitu kabichi sichisungidwa kuposa mitundu ina yoyera ya kabichi yoyera yapangidwira izi. M'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, chapansi, malo ena amdima okhala ndi mpweya wabwino, chinyezi 80% ndipo pamwamba, kutentha 0-4º,, imatha kugona nthawi yonse yozizira popanda kutaya mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe ndi zipatso.

Kabichi wofiira ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri wathanzi:

• Vitamini C mmenemu ndiwofanana ndi zoyera. Muthanso kuzindikira kukhalapo kwa mavitamini a gulu B, A, K, E, PP, U, chitsulo, sodium, phosphorous, potaziyamu, nthaka, magnesium, selenium, mkuwa;
• anthocyanins omwe amakhudza tsamba la masamba amalimbitsa makhoma amitsempha yamagazi, kubwezeretsanso kwa iwo, kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi vuto la mtima komanso sitiroko;
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ali ndi antibacterial ndi anti-kutupa;
• glucosinolates ndi anticarcinogens achilengedwe. Amatha kuthana ndi gawo losagwirizana la maselo. Zatsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti pogwiritsa ntchito masamba nthawi zonse, chiopsezo chokhala ndi khansa ya m'mawere mwa amayi chimatha;
• kabichi ofiira ali ndi mapuloteni (amatha m'malo mwake nyama yamafuta) ndi ma amino acid. Zinthu izi ndizofunikira kuti chithokomiro chizigwira ntchito, impso komanso chiwindi. Popanda lactic acid, kugwira ntchito moyenera kwa minofu, mtima ndi ubongo sizingatheke;
• CHIKWANGWANI chimathandizira kuyeretsa matumbo a poizoni ndi ma poizoni, kusintha ma microflora ake;
• kabichi wofiira sakhala ndi sucrose ndi wowuma. Izi zikutanthauza kuti masamba amathanso kudyedwa ngakhale muli ndi matenda amtundu uliwonse ndipo amatha kuphatikizidwa mosamala m'zakudya kwa iwo omwe akufuna kuchepa thupi. Zopatsa mphamvu zake zopatsa mphamvu zimangokhala 25-25 kcal pa 100 g;
• yothandiza komanso msuzi wa kabichi iyi. Chifukwa cha machiritso ake a bala ndi anti-yotupa, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zilonda zam'mimba, m'mimba ndi m'mimba, komanso tonsillitis, stomatitis, matenda a periodontal. Ndipo ngati mukuwonjezera uchi, msuzi umathandizira ndi mphumu ya bronchial, chifuwa chachikulu, bronchitis. Pogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, enamel wa mano ndi mbale za msomali zimalimbikitsidwa, kupindika ndi kutulutsa kamvekedwe ka khungu, tsitsi limakhala lofewa komanso limakhala losweka. Zomwe zimachitika tsiku lililonse ndi msuzi sizoposa galasi. Itha kusakanikirana ndi karoti, koma sungayesedwe ndi kusefa.

Madzi a kabichi ofiira ndi abwino kwambiri wathanzi, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati utoto wachilengedwe

Kuyambira nthawi yakale, kabichi wofiira wakhala akudziwika kuti athetse mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mowa mthupi, ndikuthandizira kuti pakhale kumveka bwino. Chida ichi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ufumu wa Roma. Ndikokwanira kumwa theka kapu ya madzi musanadye kapena kudya gawo la saladi. Muyezo womwewo umachepetsa kapena kusokoneza mkhalidwe wa otsogola m'mawa wake.

Kabichi yofiira yatsopano kapena msuzi wake umathandizira kuti muchepetse mavuto obwera chifukwa cha mowa

Pali zotsutsana. Ndi kumwa kwambiri, kabichi yofiira imatha kuyambitsa mavuto m'mimba, yomwe singathe kugaya mofulumira fiber yambiri. Izi zimabweretsa kufalikira, kusanja. Kukula kwa ayodini akusowa ndikothekanso - kabichi wofiira kumayambitsa kuyamwa kwa chinthu ichi ndi thupi lambiri. Izi masamba ndizoletsedwa pancreatitis, enterocolitis, matenda ena am'mimba, matumbo ndi impso mu gawo lazowawa.

Nutritionists amalimbikitsa kuphatikizapo kabichi wofiira mu zakudya kwa aliyense wokhala m'malo ovuta zachilengedwe. Zimathandizanso thupi kuchepetsa mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha utsi wachiwiri ndi kuchepetsa mphamvu ya magetsi obwera chifukwa cha utsi wa magetsi.

Kanema: zabwino za kabichi wofiira

Mitundu wamba

Kabichi wofiyira sakhala wotchuka ndi obereketsa ngati kabichi yoyera, komabe pali mitundu ingapo ndi ma hybrids omwe amasiyana mumthunzi wamasamba, zipatso, ndi mawonekedwe a mitu kabichi. Kukaniza kwazizira kwa ambiri aiwo kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mukule kabichi kofiira osati m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, komanso ku Urals ndi Siberia. Mitu ya kabichi imatha kukhazikika, ngakhale idatenga nthawi yayitali yambiri.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri:

• Mikhnevskaya. Zosiyanasiyana zidasungidwa chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60 zapitazi. Kukomako sikuli koipa, koma kopambana. Imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira pakuthana ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, nthawi zambiri imagwidwa ndi tizilombo toopsa;
• Mars MS. Zosankha zingapo za Czech. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku 105-110. Yofunika mtengo wake waukulu. Mitu yakulemera masekeli 1.3-1,5 pafupifupi sikuti imasweka. Kuchulukana ndi pafupifupi. Kunja, mitu ya kabichi ndi yakuda-violet, yopepuka kwambiri pamdulidwe. Kabichi yamtunduwu cholinga chake ndi choti muzidya;
• Pafupifupi F1. Oyambirira osakanizidwa ochokera ku Netherlands. Imasiyanitsidwa ndi kukoma (osati kowawa) ndi mawonekedwe okongola. Chopondera ndi chopindika, masamba ndi ang'ono, ink-violet, pafupifupi wakuda, wokutidwa ndi utoto wabulalo wamtambo wabuluu. Mitu ya kabichi imakhala yozungulira, yowonda, yokhala ndi mbali imodzi, yolemera makilogalamu 3-4, osasweka. Wosakanizidwa amapereka zokolola zambiri, ngakhale pamene makulidwe obzala;
• Romanov F1. Zomera ndizabwino. Mitu ndi yozungulira, yowonda, yolemera pafupifupi 1.5-2 kg. Masamba ndi ofiira kwambiri ndi tint wofiirira. Moyo wa alumali ndi ochepa - miyezi 2-3;
• Kyoto F1. Mtundu wodzipereka kwambiri ku Japan wokhala ndi majini osakanikirana kumatenda ambiri achikhalidwe. Chomera ndichabwino, pafupifupi kulemera kwa mutu kuli pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu, phesi silikupezeka. Kukoma kwake ndikabwino, masamba ndi ofatsa. Mitu ya kabichi nthawi zambiri imasweka, yosungidwa kwa miyezi 4-5;
• Garancy F1. Wosakanizidwa ndi wochokera ku France. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku a 140-145. Amasungidwa mpaka kasupe wotsatira. Yofunika mtengo wokwanira, kukana matenda, kukana kuphwanya. Ndi zofunika kukula izi kabichi mu greenhouse kapena pansi filimu pogona. Mutu wolemera pafupifupi 3 kg ndi wandiweyani. Kununkhirako ndikokoma, kopanda pungency ndi kuwawa;
• Pindulani ndi F1. Kukwaniritsidwa kwa obereketsa aku Russia. Kabichi ndiwatsopano kwambiri. Imakhala ndi mtundu wokhazikika wamasamba. Mitu ya kabichi yolemera 1.5 makilogalamu kapena kupitirira apo. Ili ndi chitetezo cham'kati mwa Fusarium. Masamba ndi amtambo amtambo wobiriwira;
• Pallet. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku 140-150. Zosiyanasiyana ndizabwino posungira kwakutali, koma zabwino komanso zatsopano. Mitu ya kabichi ndi yozungulira, yolimba kwambiri, yolemera 1.9-2.4 kg. Zosiyanasiyana zimabala chipatso, ngakhale nyengo ikakhala yotentha siyabwino;
• Nurima F1. Mtundu wina wotchuka wa Dutch. Mbewuyi ndi yaying'ono, kulemera kwa mitu yabichi yamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 2 kg. Ndikofunika kubzala kabichi iyi pobisa;
• Juno. Kalasi yaku Russia. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku 130-140. Masamba ndi ofiirira wakuda ndi wokutira waxy waxy. Mitu ya kabichi ndiyazungulira, yolemera pafupifupi 1 kg kapena pang'ono. Kuyamikiridwa chifukwa cha kukoma kwake kodabwitsa, imadyedwa mwatsopano. Kupanga - pafupifupi 4 kg / m²;
• Rodima F1. Dutch wosakanizidwa. Mitu ya kabichi ili pafupi kuzungulira, maroon, masekeli atatu kapena kupitilirapo, musasokere. Masamba ndi akulu, wokutidwa ndi chosanjikiza chikatundu wa buluu. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku a 140-145. Zosiyanazo zimasiyanitsidwa ndi ntchito zake zingapo, zabwino pokonzekera masaladi. Mbewuyi imasungidwa mpaka pakati pa chilimwe chotsatira. Kukomerako kumakhala kovutirapo, kwambiri. Mukakhazikitsa pansi pazovundikira kapena filimu, zokolola zimachuluka kwambiri;
• Gako 741. Mitundu yoyesedwa nthawi, yakula kuyambira 40s ya zaka twente. Imasungidwa bwino (mwina mpaka chiyambi chamawa chamawa) ndikunyamula. Timayamikiranso chifukwa cha kulekerera kwake kuzizira komanso chilala. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi matenda komanso tizirombo. Mitu ya kabichi ndi yakuda bii, osasokoneza. Kulemera kwapakati - 1.5-2 makilogalamu, zoyerekeza zaumwini zimafika 3 kg;
• Vanguard F1. Mitundu yakucha yakucha. Sokosi ndi yamphamvu, yokhazikika. Masamba ndi akulu, ofiirira, wokutidwa ndi lingala losalala, losadetsedwa. Mitu yozungulira, yowonda, yolemera kupitilira 2 kg. Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi fusarium;
• Autoro F1. Dutch wosakanizidwa. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku 135-140. Ovuta pazokolola zambiri. Mitu ya kabichi ndi wandiweyani, burgundy. Kulemera kwakukulu ndi makilogalamu 1.2-1,5. Iwo sakusokoneza. Wosakanizidwa nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi keel;
• Boxer Mmodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira, cholinga chake chinali choti muzitha kumamwa. Mitu yake ndi yopapatiza, yolemera pafupifupi 1.5 kg kapena pang'ono. Masamba ndi ofiira, okhala ndi siliva pang'ono;
• Intro F1. Sokosi ndi yamphamvu, idakwezedwa pang'ono. Masamba amdima akuda amakhala pafupifupi okutidwa ndi utoto wamtambo wabuluu. Pamwamba pa pepalali mulibe magawo, mkati mwake mumakhala ngati thovu lambiri. Mutu wa kabichi ndi wotayirira, wolemera pafupifupi 2 kg;
• Kaliboli. Nyengo yokulira ndi masiku 140-150. Zosiyanasiyana ndi kukana chisanu bwino, zimalekerera kusintha kwamwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi chinyezi chambiri. Mitu imakhala yotetezedwa, yofiyira-violet, yapakatikati kukula (kulemera pafupifupi 1.5-2 kg), osati wandiweyani. Masamba ndi ofatsa, odzaza, kabichi amakhala ndi kukoma. Mukakulitsa mitundu iyi, chidwi chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kuthirira. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, zitha kusungidwa kwa miyezi inayi;
• Mwala wamwala 447. "Wolemekezeka" Gawo la Soviet. Nthawi ya mutuwu ndi masiku 125 mpaka 145. Malo omwe akutulutsirawo akutuluka, ndi mainchesi 80 cm kapena kuposerapo. Mitu pafupi kuzungulira, wandiweyani, kulemera pafupifupi 1.5 makilogalamu. Kucha nthawi zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri kumasweka. Masamba ndi ofiira ndi utoto wofiirira. Kupanga kwapakatikati, moyo wa alumali - mpaka pakati pa dzinja;
• Lyudmila F1. Zosiyanasiyana kuchokera m'gulu loyambirira kucha, kabichi limapangidwa makamaka kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mwatsopano. Masamba amakhala aing'ono, pafupifupi kuzungulira, okhala ndi utoto wofiirira wokhala ndi duwa loyera. Mphepete zake zimakhala zowonongeka. Kukoma ndikwabwino. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mutu wozungulira kapena kabichi kakang'ono kosanja kabichi ndi 1.8-2 kg;
• Maxilla. Mitu ya kabichi imasiyana pakukhazikika bwino, imasungidwa mpaka kumayambiriro kwa kasupe wotsatira. Kudya nthawi yomweyo osavomerezeka: masamba ndi oyipa. Koma posungira, amayamba kukhala odekha, ndipo kukoma kumakhala bwino. Ndikofunika kuti kabichi igone osachepera nthawi yozizira;
• Rubin MS. Mtundu wina wotchuka wa Czech. Kuyambira kubzala mbande mpaka kucha - masiku 120-130. Mitu ya mawonekedwe osyasyalika, yofiirira yakuda, wandiweyani. Kulemera kumasiyana 1 kg mpaka 2 kg. Kabichi uyu amatha kusungidwa mpaka pakati pa dzinja, koma ndi wabwino komanso watsopano.

Zithunzi zojambulajambula: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kabichi yofiira, yotchuka pakati pa akatswiri olima Russian

Kukula mbande ndikuwasamalira

Popeza mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yophatikizira ya kabichi yofiira imadziwika ndi nthawi yayitali yambiri, nthawi zambiri imakula ndi mbande. Kubzala mbewu mwachindunji m'nthaka ndikotheka kumadera akum'mwera, koma sikumachitika kawirikawiri chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kufunika kosamalira mbande.

Kukonzekeretsa mbewu kumafunikira. Choyamba, amviikidwa kwa mphindi 15-20 m'madzi otentha (45-50 ° C), kenako kwa maola 2-3 - ozizira.Zitatha izi, njerezi amazisankha kwa maola 24 mu njira yapinki yapamwamba ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena fangayi iliyonse yachilengedwe (Ridomil Gold, Fitosporin, Baikal-EM, Bayleton). Izi ndizofunikira kuti tizilombo toononga ndi kupewa matenda a fungus. Pachiwonetsero chachiwiri, nthawi yokonzanso imachepetsedwa kukhala mphindi 25-30. Chinthu chofunikira kuchita musanabzala ndikupaka mbewu m'madzi ozizira ndikuwaphweta. Nthawi yabwino yofika kumtunda ndi pakati pa Marichi.

Mbande mwakula motere:

1. Zopindika zosachepera zimadzazidwa ndi zophatikizika za tchipisi ta peat ndi tonde yachonde. Gawo loyambira liyenera kuti litulutsidwe kachilombo.
   

   Dothi lodzala nyemba zofiira za kabichi liyenera kutetezedwa ndi zotentheka, kutentha kapena kuzizira

2. Mbewu yofesedwa ndi imeneyi masentimita 2-3, ndikukula osaposa 1 cm. Mtunda pakati pa mizere ndi 3-4 cm.Odzakidwa ndi mchenga wabwino pamwamba ndikunyowetsa nthaka kuchokera pa atomizer womwazika. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi kapena filimu yowonekera. Mpaka kumera, imasungidwa m'malo amdima. Kutentha kwakukulu ndi 16-20ºС. Potere, zophukira zoyambirira zimawonekera patatha masiku awiri ndi atatu. Mpaka pomwe mbewu zimaswa, nthaka sinathiridwe madzi.
   

   Kanemayo kapena galasi limachotsedwa mu thanki tsiku ndi tsiku kuti muchotse michere yomwe mwadzaza.

3. Zikamera zikamera, zotengera zimasinthidwa kupita pamalo owala bwino m'nyumba, pogona zimachotsedwa. Kuti mupeze bwino kabichi yofiira, nthawi yayitali maola 14 muyenera, kuwonjezeranso zina kungafunike. Kwa izi, luminescent wamba kapena ma phytolamp apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'masiku 7- 7 oyambawo, kutentha kumatsitsidwa mpaka 8-10 ° C, kenako kumakonzedwanso mpaka 12-16 ° C ndikusamalidwa, osasintha, mpaka kumera pansi.
   

   Kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino, zikumera za kabichi zimafunikira masana

4. Kabichi wofiyira ndi hygrophilous. Mbande nthawi zambiri zimafalikira koma pang'ono. Monga kabichi iliyonse, imakonda kutenga kachilombo ka "mwendo wakuda", kotero masiku onse a 7-10, madzi othirira amasinthidwa ndi yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate. Amadyetsa mbande kawiri - pomwe masamba enieni awiri a 2-3 amapangika ndipo pafupifupi sabata limodzi asanandike kumunda. 3 g ya superphosphate yosavuta ndi 2 g ya urea ndi potaziyamu sulphate amatengedwa pa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Manyowa ovuta aliwonse a mbande amakhalanso oyenera.
   

   Feteleza Rostock - chida chokwanira chomwe chapangidwira kudyetsa mbande
5. Kubira kumachitika mu gawo la pepala lenileni lenileni. Mbande obzalidwa ang'onoang'ono m'mbale, osinkha muzu. Kenako kabichi iyenera kuthiriridwa madzi pang'ono ndikuphimbidwa kwa masiku 3-5 kuchokera ku dzuwa. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya peat, ndiye kuti mbande za izo zisanabzalidwe m'nthaka sizifunikira kuchotsedwa.
   

   Mukukonzekera kudumphira pansi, kutsina muzu wa mmera wa kabichi

6. Masabata angapo asanabzalidwe, mbande zimayamba kuuma. Masiku atatu oyambilira amangotsegula zenera m'chipindacho kwa maola angapo, ndiye kuti zotengera zimatengedwa kupita nazo kukhonde kapena loggia masana. Masiku atatu omaliza asanakwere, amakhalabe mumsewu. Nthawi yomweyo, amafafaniza ndi yankho la biostimulant iliyonse (Epin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, potaziyamu humate ndi yoyenera).
   

   Kusamalira mbande za kabichi kumamuthandiza kuti azolowere moyo watsopano

Kanema: momwe mungasamalire mbande za kabichi

Kudya kabichi pansi

M'mundamo, mutha kubzala mbande za kabichi wofiira ndili ndi zaka 35-45. Zomera zotere zimatalika 16-16 cm ndipo zimakhala ndi masamba osachepera 4-5. Kuti zitheke kuchotsa mu thanki popanda kuwononga mizu, pafupifupi theka la ola musanachitike njirayi, dziko lapansi liyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri. Kabichi wofiyira amabzalidwa pansi kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, kusankha tsiku louma komanso lotentha la izi.

Kudzala mbande zofiira za kabichi m'nthaka, simuyenera kuzengereza, mbande zokulira bwino sizizika mizu

Chomera moyenera sichilola kuti chinyontho chithazikike pamizu. Chifukwa chake, dothi liyenera kukhala lopepuka zokwanira, lokwanira kuvomerezedwa ndi madzi ndi mpweya, koma nthawi yomweyo limathanso. Mulingo wa asidi-acid ndi wopanda mbali (pH 5.5-7.0). Simungathe kubzala kabichi kofiyira m'malo otsika kapena komwe madzi apansi amayandikira pafupi ndi mamita oposa 1.5. Ngati palibe malo ena, muyenera kupanga zitunda osachepera 60 cm.

Mukamasankha malo ogona, muyenera kudziwa kuti mu penumbra ndi mthunzi, atsogoleri a kabichi amapeza utoto wobiriwira, wosakhwima, komanso wokhwima kuposa nthawi zonse.

Kabichi yofiyira iyenera kubzalidwa poyera, ngakhale penumbra yowala sikokwanira

Zoyambilira zabwino za mtengowo ndizazipanga zokha, nyemba, anyezi, adyo, zitsamba zonunkhira, beets, kaloti. Pambuyo pa mitundu ina ya kabichi, imabzyala pamalo omwewo pokhapokha zaka 4-5. Kupanda kutero, matenda a keel ali osapeweka.

Kuyambira nthawi yophukira, dothi lakumbidwa mosamala ndikusungunula kapena kompositi inachulukitsa kuti tiwonjezere chonde. Ngati palibe chamoyo chilichonse, gwiritsani feteleza wazovuta zilizonse wa nayitrogeni-phosphorous-potaziyamu (Azofoska, Diammofoska). Mpweya wa Dolomite, phulusa la nkhuni, ndi phulusa lamazira owonda amaphatikizidwa ku dothi lachi acid.

Mukabzala m'nthaka, kukula kwambiri kwa mitengoyo kumapewetsedwa mwa kuyika mabowo ndi malo osachepera 60 cm. Mtunda pakati pa mizere ya masitepewo ndi wa pafupifupi masentimita 70. Pafupifupi theka la ola pamaso pa njirayi, zitsime zimathiridwa ndi madzi. Mu uliwonse tengani angapo humus, 1 tsp. feteleza wa potaziyamu wopanda mankhwala a chlorine, mapini atatu a choko chophwanyika kapena phulusa la nkhuni ndi kanyuni kakang'ono ka anyezi.

Mukabzala mbande za kabichi yofiira pansi, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale nyengo pakati pa mbewu kuti chilichonse chikhale ndi malo okwanira

Mbande zibzalidwe, ndikukulitsa masamba angapo a cotyledon. Dothi lozungulira chomera limapangidwa mosamala, kabichi amakhala wambiri (pafupifupi malita awiri amadzi) madzi. M'masiku oyambira 10-12, ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa. Njira yosavuta ndikumangapo kansalu kwakanthawi kotsalira kuchokera pazinthu zilizonse zoyera.

Mbande za kabichi zobzalidwa pansi zimathiriridwa mokwanira

Ngati mbewu zibzalidwe m'mundamo nthawi yomweyo, dothi limakonzedwa chimodzimodzi. Njira yofikira imalemekezedwanso. Nthawi yeniyeni imasiyanasiyana madera. Kummwera kwam'mwera, nthangala zimabzalidwe kale koyambilira kwa Epulo, pakati pa Russia - chakumapeto kwa Epulo, ku Urals ndi Siberia - koyambirira kwa Meyi.

Mbewu 3-4 zimayikidwa mu dzenje lirilonse, ndikuzikula ndi masentimita 3-5. Mbewu zisanachitike, bedi lamundayo limatsekedwa ndi pulasitiki kapena wokutira pazomangira. Kenako muyenera kuyang'anira mosamala kutentha mumsewu. Ngati zidutsa 25ºº, mbewuzo zimatambasulidwa, zimayambira ndizoperewera komanso zowongoka.

Masamba enieni awiri 2-3 akapangidwa pa kabichi, mbande zimadulidwa, ndikusiya mu bowo lililonse, yamphamvu kwambiri ndikupanga mmera. Zina zonse zimadulidwa ndi lumo lakuthwa kuti zisawononge mizu ya enawo. Mbande zimamwetsedwa masiku onse atatu, pang'ono. Poletsa kukula kwa "mwendo wakuda" patatha sabata patatha mbande, bedi limasefukira ndi choko chophwanyika kapena tchipisi cha fodya.

Kusamalira mbewu

Kabichi wofiyira sikuti ndi yopanda pake ndipo imangofuna kuchoka, ngakhale pazifukwa zina malingaliro ena afika pakati pa wamaluwa.

Kuthirira

Kabichi wofiyira ndi chomera chokonda chinyezi. Ngakhale imalekerera chilala bwino, kusowa kwamadzi kumakhudza bwino zokolola ndi mtundu wa mitu kabichi. Kuthirira pafupipafupi komanso kochulukirapo kumaphatikizika mmenemo - ndi kusayenda kwa madzi pamizu, zowola zimayamba msanga. Chifukwa chake, dothi lakumtunda liyenera kuloledwa kuti liume.

Finyani kabichi pansi pazu, ngati nkotheka - ndiye mwa kukonkha. Amafunikira chinyezi kwambiri pomwe masamba a masamba amapangika, kutseka mu carpet kosatha, komanso pakucha kwa mitu kabichi.

Kabichi yofiyira imathiriridwa kotero kuti madontho amadzi amagwera pamasamba, ngati mvula

Ndondomeko makamaka ikuchitika madzulo. Ngati nyengo ndiyabwino komanso yamitambo, kamodzi masiku 4-5 ndi okwanira. Kutentha, zopangidwira pakati pa kuthirira zimachepetsedwa mpaka masiku 1-3. Kwa mbande, zipatso ndi malita 2-3 pachomera chilichonse, pakapangidwa mitu ya kabichi, imakwera mpaka malita 4-5. Mulch athandizira kusunga chinyontho m'nthaka.

Ndikosatheka mwapadera kusinthanitsa ndi "chilala" chambiri ndi kuthirira kambiri, kambiri kuthirira. Izi zimabweretsa mitu yosweka.

Kumasuka

Mumasule bedi nthawi zambiri. Nthawi yoyamba - patadutsa masiku 7 mpaka 7. ndikubzala mbande mu nthaka. Kenako njirayi imagwiridwa pakatha masiku atatu aliwonse. Mbewu zikamera mu malo atsopano ndikuyamba kukula, zimamera kabichi, ndikudzaza tsinde ndi dothi mpaka masamba awiri owona. Moyenerera, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa pambuyo kuthilira lirilonse mpaka pomwe masamba adzaphimba dothi. Choyamba, akuya masentimita 5-8, miyezi 1-1.5 pambuyo pa kukokoloka - mwa 12-15 cm.

Chifukwa cha hilling, kabichi imakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu

Mitundu yambiri, nyengo yamasamba ndiyotalika, motero, kwa nyengo yophika kabichi, pamafunika zovala zochepa za 3-4. Choyamba, zitsimikizidwe ziyenera kuyikidwa pa feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, pothandiza mbewuyo kumanga kwambiri zipatso zobiriwira. Macronutrient awa amachotsedwa kwathunthu pomwe mitu ya kabichi imayamba kupanga.

Kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kumachepetsa chitetezo chomera, kumalimbikitsa kudzikundikira kwa nitrate m'mitu ya kabichi, kumachepetsa kusunga kwawo komanso kumakwiyitsa kukula kwa necrosis.

Kudyetsa chiwembu:

1. Nthawi yoyamba kabichi wofiira kudyetsedwa masiku 12-15 mutabzala. 1m² kutenga 10 g ya carbamide, 15 g ya potaziyamu sulfate ndi 20 g ya superphosphate yosavuta. Feteleza zimathiridwa m'nkhokwe pakati pa mbewu, pomwepo m'manda m'manda ndikuyika m'manda, mundawo ndi madzi ambiri.
   

   Urea, monga feteleza wina wokhala ndi nayitrogeni, amathandiza kabichi kumanga mwachangu masamba obiriwira

2. Chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba chimachitika pamene mitu ya kabichi imayamba kumangidwa, pafupifupi milungu iwiri itatha yoyamba. Mlingo wa feteleza umachulukitsidwa nthawi 1.5. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zolengedwa - madzi othilidwa ndi manyowa am'madzi, ndowe za mbalame, masamba a nettle kapena dandelion.
   

   Kulowetsedwa kwa nettle - gwero lachilengedwe la nayitrogeni ndi macronutrients ena

3. Chachitatu komanso chotsatira kudyetsa, komwe kumachitika ndi masiku 15-20, mumangokhala phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Amabweretsa mtundu wouma (20-25 g / m²) kapena mu njira yothetsera vutoli, ndikuthira madzi omwewo mu 10 l madzi. Mutha kuwasinthanitsa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni ndi feteleza wosavuta wa kabichi wopanda nayitrogeni.

Kanema: Malingaliro aukadaulo waulimi wa kabichi wofiira

Matenda ndi tizilombo: Kuteteza ndi kupewa

Red kabichi imakhala ndi matenda komanso tizirombo tambiri nthawi zambiri kuposa kabichi yoyera. Koma satetezedwa kumatenda a keel, bacteriosis ndi fusarium. Mwa tizirombo, njenjete za kabichi, mbozi za gulugufe kabichi ndi scoops kabichi, nsabwe za m'masamba, ndi kupindika zimavulaza kwambiri kubzala.

Mulimonsemo, kupewa kwabwino kwambiri ndikusamalidwa bwino kwa mbewu. Zosafunikanso kwambiri ndikusintha kwazomera - mitundu yambiri ya bowa, mazira ndi mphutsi za tizirombo pang'onopang'ono zimadziunjikira m'nthaka. Ndi kukula kwambiri kwamasamba, matenda aliwonse amafalikira mwachangu kwambiri.

Matenda a Fusarium ndimatenda ofala kwambiri omwe amachititsa kuti kabichi afe m'masiku ochepa.

Pofuna kupewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus, kuvala mbewu zosafunikira za kabichi wofiira mu njira yovomerezeka ndikofunikira. Mutabzala pabedi, dothi limakonkhedwa ndi choko chophwanyika kapena tchipisi cha fodya, mbewu zomwe zimakulirazo zimaphwanyidwa ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Pakadutsa masiku 12 mpaka 15 popewa, kabichi imapopanitsidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa anyezi kapena owombera adyo, njira yofiyira ya pinki ya potaziyamu permanganate kapena madzi kuchepetsedwa kefir kapena seramu ndi kuwonjezera kwa ayodini (dontho pa lita imodzi).

Ngati matenda sangathe kupewa, gwiritsani ntchito fungicides iliyonse. Monga lamulo, chithandizo cha 3-4 ndi nthawi yotalika masiku 5-7 ndikokwanira. Zinthu zonse zakale zoyesedwa (Bordeaux fluid, vitriol) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zamakono zomwe zimakhala ndi mkuwa - Topaz, Horus, Skor, Kuprozan.

Madzi a Bordeaux amatha kugula ku malo ogulitsira kapena kukonzekera pawokha

Matenda owopsa kwambiri kwa kabichi iliyonse ndi keel. Mafangayiwo amapatsira mizu yake chomera. Njira yokhayo yothanirana nayo ndikuwonetsetsa kasinthasintha wa mbeu pomadzala kabichi wofiyira pambuyo pa mbewu zomwe zimathandizira kuwononga fungal spores (solanaceous, beets, anyezi, adyo). Ndikofunikanso kuti nthawi zonse tizidula m'munda.

Ndizosatheka kuchotsa keel ndi njira zamakono, chifukwa chake chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa popewa matenda

Pofuna kupewa kuthana ndi tizilombo, kumayambiriro kasupe nthaka yomwe ili pabedi imakhetsedwa ndi Fufanon, Alatar, Tiovit Jet kapena madzi otentha. Tizilombo tambiri timalekerera fungo lamphamvu. Chifukwa chake, kubzala kabichi ndikothandiza kuzungulira "chotchinga" cha anyezi, adyo, zitsamba, marigolds, marigold, lavender. Potsutsa agulugufe aliwonse, ma pheromone apadera kapena misampha yopangidwa ndi nyumba mwanjira zokhala zodzaza ndi madzi, uchi, kupanikizana, ndi madzi a shuga omwe amachepetsedwa ndi madzi ndi othandiza. Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Lepidocide, Bitoxibacillin.

Aphid ndi amodzi mwa tizirombo toopsa m'munda, sichitha kunyoza kabichi iliyonse

Ngati kulibe tizilombo tambiri, mankhwala azikhalidwe amathandiza kuthana nawo. Kabichi imatha kuthandizidwa ndi thovu la potashi wobiriwira kapena sopo ochapira, kulowetsedwa ndi tsabola wotentha kapena fodya, wothiriridwa m'madzi ndi phulusa la soli kapena colloidal sulfure. Pakachitika nkhondo yambiri, mankhwala atizilombo wamba amagwiritsidwa ntchito - Inta-Vir, Iskra-Bio, Mospilan, Tanrek, Confidor-Maxi.

Kututa ndi kusunga

Fulumira ndi zokolola sizabwino. Red kabichi sitingathe kugwa chisanu, choncho muyenera kungoyang'ana kukula kwa mutu wa kabichi, wamba wamitundu mitundu. Mitundu yambiri imatha kuchotsedwa mu khumi zapitazi za Okutobala.

Mitu yofunikira kuti ikhale yosungirako nthawi yayitali imakumbidwa mu nyengo yabwino yozizira, koma pakuphatikiza kutentha. Afunika kupendedwa mosamala - sipamayenera kukhala ngakhale ming'alu yaying'ono komanso zisonyezo zazing'ono zowonongeka ndi matenda ndi tizilombo.

Kenako amaloledwa kuti aume kwa masiku awiri, kenako masamba osasinthika amadulidwa popanda kupatula atatu kapena anayi ndi muzu, ndikusiya phesi lalitali masentimita 3-4. Magawo amadzazidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi phulusa la nkhuni kapena choko chophwanyika.

Kabichi wofiyira, wopangidwira kuti isungidwe kwanthaŵi yayitali, imayamba kupendedwa mosamala

Sungani mbewu mu garaja, cellar, chapansi. Malowa ayenera kukhala amdima komanso mpweya wabwino. Kutentha kokwanira ndi 0-4º,, chinyezi cha mpweya ndi 80% komanso kuposa. Mitu ya kabichi imamangiriridwa m'mabokosi amatabwa kapena pamakatoni amakatoni, owazidwa ndi mchenga kuti asakhudzane. Mutha kulungata pepala lililonse ndikuyalaika mashelufu, kumangiriza awiriawiri pazitupa ndikuwakhomera pansi pa denga.

Kanema: momwe mungasungire kukolola kabichi kwa nthawi yayitali

Ngakhale wokonza dimba yemwe alibe zambiri atha kupirira mukulima kabichi wofiira. Mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, chikhalidwe ichi sichopanda tanthauzo komanso chofuna kuti chisamalire. Mitundu yambiri imakulolani kuti musankhe zoyenera kwambiri, kuyang'ana kukoma, zokolola, mawonekedwe a mitu kabichi. Kukana chisanu kwa kabichi osiyanasiyana kumeneku kumakupatsani mwayi woti mukule kwambiri m'chigawo cha Russia.