Asclepias, kapena, monga amatchedwanso, vatochnik - Imene imakhala ndi zitsamba zosatha kapena shrub yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwa 0,5 mpaka 1.5 mamita, omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi malo a Kumpoto ndi South America. Chiberekero chimakhala ndi mpweya wolimba kwambiri, womwe uli wokhotakhota wowongoka.
Masamba akuluakulu a lanceolate ali pamtunda kapena pansi. Kutalika kwa tsamba kumatha kufika masentimita 20, masambawa ali ndi mitsempha yambiri pakati, tsamba lochepa la tsamba limakhala lofalitsa kwambiri.
Vatochnik limamasula mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono ofiira, pinki kapena oyera, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu ambulera. Pambuyo pa nyengo yotentha, mbewu yoboola pakati, yomwe imakhala yofiira, imakhala yofanana ndi thonje, yomwe zomerayo inapatsidwa dzina lakuti "vatochnik".
Mitundu ya masamba osakanizidwa osatha
Monga chomera chokongola, mitundu iyi ya vatochnika imagwiritsidwa ntchito: nyama yofiira, tuberose ndi Syria. Taganizirani za mitundu yonseyi mwatsatanetsatane.
Mukudziwa? Asklepias ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 80, koma zitatu zokha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zokongoletsera.
Ng'ombe nyama yofiira
Mbalame yotchedwa Grouper imakula mpaka mamita 1.2 mamitala. Tsinde la nthambi, ndi zambirimbiri, masamba osindikizira pang'ono. Chitsamba cha nyama-wofiira vatochnika ndi wandiweyani, ali wokongola mawonekedwe, limakula lonse pa zaka.
Nthawi ya maluwa ndi Julai, nthawiyo ilipo mpaka masiku 35. Maluwawo ndi ofiira kapena ofiirira-pinki, osachepera woyera, amakhala ndi chokoleti chochepa, chokoleti pang'ono. Maluwa amapanga inflorescences opangidwa ndi maambulera okhala ndi masentimita 5-6 masentimita.
Mphika tuberose
Shtochka tuberose, kapena tuberiferous - 0.5-0.7 mamita mkulu. Masamba achilendo amamasindikiza. Amamasula wandiweyani masamba ang'ono onunkhira a orange maluwa. Nthawi yamaluwa yayitali - kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka kumayambiriro kwa autumn. Mitundu ina ya tuberose vatochnika imakhala ndi maluwa achikasu ndi ofiira.
Mtsuko wa Syriac
Nyama ya Syatoan stalker imatha kutalika kwa mamita 0.8-1.5, mtundu uwu ndi wautali wautali, ukhoza kukula mpaka zaka 30. Mphukirayi ndi yolunjika, yodzala ndi masamba oblong, pafupifupi masentimita 14. Masamba obiriwira a mdima wobiriwira amafanana ndi masamba a rhododendron.
Mbali ya mtundu uwu ndi kugwa kwa masamba apansi ndi kutuluka kwa muzu wa mphukira. Amamasula Syrian vatnik pinki maluwa ndi awiri a 8-10 mm, amene amapanga ambulera-ngati onunkhira inflorescences. Nthawi ya maluwa imayamba mu July ndipo nthawi zina imatha mpaka chisanu choyamba. Mtundu uwu wa vatochnik umalola mphukira kutalika mamita 1 kuchokera ku chitsamba cha mayi. 
Mukudziwa? Fungo la vatochnika likufanana ndi fungo lokoma la pastry.
Kusankha malo okhala
Shank ndi chomera chodzichepetsa, chimamera pafupifupi dothi lililonse, koma zofooka za asidi zimapanga chitukuko chabwino. Malo omwe kasupe amakulira ayenera kukhala dzuwa, opanda madzi pansi pamtunda.
Kuti vatochnik ikhale yokongola komanso yokongola, imafunika kupereka malo okwanira kuti chitukuko, pamene mutabzala ndi kofunikira kuti mukhale ndi mtunda wa mamita 2 mpaka pafupi ndi chomera.
Mitundu ya ku Syria ndi yosiyana ndi nthaka ina yoopsa, choncho ndi bwino kudzala mu mphika ndi madzi okwanira. Kukhoza ndi vatochnik kukumba pansi, motero kumachepetsa kukula kwa njira zake.
Ndikofunikira! Pakulira pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zoposa 10, chitsamba kuthengo chimafuna kukulitsa kuti zikhale bwino.
Kukula vatochnika kupyolera mu mbande
The grouper m'malo mwachangu kufalikira ndi mbewu. Vuto lokhalo limene lingakumane nalo ndi kusapezeka kwa mbeu pa chomera chokula chikulirapo, popeza vatuchnik amafunika kutentha kwa chilimwe.
Mulimonsemo, mbewu za vatochnika zimatha kupezeka, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kukula mbande kwa iwo; Timalongosola ndondomekoyi mwatsatanetsatane.
Nthawi yobzala mbewu kwa mbande
Kufalitsa mbande ndi mbewu, zimabzalidwa mbande kunyumba mu March - April. Mbewu imakhala yotheka kwa zaka zitatu. Mbewu zimabzala pansi, zomwe zimapangidwira zomera zapakhomo kapena zomera zapakhomo.
Kuzama kwa Mbewu
Kutsika kwa seeding kuyenera kukhala pafupi 10-15 mm. Mzere wothira udzatsanuliridwa mu bokosilo, ndiye loamy nthaka, yomwe mizere imapangidwira ndipo mbewu sizinafesedwe. Pafupifupi milungu iwiri mutatha kufesa mphukira zoyamba za tapering zidzawoneka.
Zabwino kwambiri kwa mbande
Pambuyo pofesa mbewu, nthaka imayambitsidwa, ndipo chidebe chodzala chimapangidwa ndi filimu kuti apange kutentha kwapadera. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kuyendetsa mbande, kutsegula filimuyi kwa maola angapo.
Nthaka imakonzedwa masiku awiri kapena atatu, mukhoza kuwapopera ndi madzi otentha nthawi zonse. Zimawonekera, chidebecho ndi mbande chimayikidwa pamalo okwera bwino ndi kutentha kwa mpweya osati kuposa +18 ° C. Mbewuzo zitakula, filimuyo imachotsedwa kwathunthu.
Mbande zokometsera
Mbande zazikulu ziyenera kuponyedwa miphika yosiyana kapena mu chidebe chachikulu ndi malo oti chitukuko chikhale chabwino. Matanki atsopano ayenera kukhala ndi masentimita 2-3 masentimita. Pamwamba pa mbande zikhoza kunyozedwa, potero zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu. Pambuyo posankha, mphamvu yokhala ndi mbande kwa masiku angapo ndi bwino kutulutsa.
Mukudziwa? Asklepias ndi chomera chabwino cha uchi, hekita imodzi ya zomera zake zimapereka pafupifupi 600 makilogalamu a uchi wokoma ndi mafuta onunkhira.
Kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Vatochka mbande, zomwe zinakula kuchokera ku mbewu, zikhoza kubzalidwa poyera pa malo okonzeka kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa June malinga ndi chiwembu 0.5 × 0.5 mamita Kwa nthawi yoyamba mutabzala, zomera zowonjezera zimayenera kuthiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Pambuyo pa zaka 3-4, chomera chiyenera pachimake.
Njira zina zobzala ndi kufalitsa
Kubalana vatochnika amachitanso pofesa mbewu mwachindunji pansi, kugawa chitsamba ndi cuttings. Mlimi aliyense amasankha yekha njira yoyenera kwambiri.
Kufesa mbewu mwachindunji pansi
Kufesa mbewu mwachindunji kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mu nthaka yonyowa, kutangoyamba kwa chisanu. Malo obzala amayamba kukumba mozama, kuchotsa mizu ya namsongole ndi kumasula.
Pambuyo pake, mizere imapangidwa, imayambitsidwa ndipo mbewu zimabzalidwa mozama pafupifupi 30 mm.
Ndiye mbewuzo zimawazidwa ndi nthaka, pomwe mabowo ang'onoang'ono amasiyidwa pansi kuti azithirira m'masabata oyambirira mutabzala. Ngati nyembazo zidabzalidwa panthaka youma, ndibwino kuyala mabedi ndi filimu kuti iwononge maonekedwe.
Kubalana ndi cuttings
Pofuna kufalitsa mavoti, zidutswa ziyenera kupangidwa kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe kudula mphukira yaing'ono m'mizere 15 cm yaitali, kuchokera kumbali yomwe masamba apansi amachotsedwa, ndipo kudula kumaikidwa mu mchenga wouma. Kubereketsa kotereku kumafuna bwino, popeza kudula, komwe kwataya madzi ambiri, imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Cuttings imakhazikika miyezi pafupifupi makumi awiri.
Kusuntha chitsamba
Kubalana vatochnika njira yogawanitsa chitsamba kumachitika kumapeto kwa autumn, kutha kwa maluwa nthawi. Kuti muchite izi, chekeni shrub, gawanizani rhizome mu zidutswa za 10-15 masentimita, gawani zidule za stalker ndi kubzala mbali zosiyana za chitsamba kuti zikhale malo osatha.
Gawo lililonse la rhizome liyenera kukhala ndi masamba atsopano.
Ndi njira yoberekera, zomera zimayambira, ndipo zitsamba zatsopano zimatha kuphuka nyengo yotsatira.
Ndikofunikira! Msuzi wa Vatochnika wokhudzana ndi khungu umayambitsa kukwiya.
Kodi mbeu yotereyi ikuphatikizana ndi chiyani?
Mbalame imakula bwino pafupi ndi zomera zonse, koma kuphatikiza kopambana kumapangidwa ndi dambo korona, perlovnik ndi miscanthus. Pamwamba bell, fizostegiya, ekhinatseya ndi aconites zimathandiza kwambiri kukonza zitsamba zowoneka bwino zogonana zowoneka bwino komanso zowonjezera dacha malo kapena munda.
Momwe mungasamalire kutsegulira panja
Kulima munda m'munda kapena dacha sikuli kovuta, ngakhalenso woyang'anira minda amatha kupanga njirayi. Kuwonjezera kuthirira ndi feteleza, zomwe timalongosola kenako, vatochnik nthawi zina ayenera kukonzedwa, kupanga chovala chabwino. Ngati mukufuna kubwezeretsanso mbeu, mutha kuchotsa mbali zonse za pansi, ndipo posachedwa mphukira zatsopano zidzakula kuchokera muzu. Ndibwino kuti mudula mapesi a maluwa mutatha maluwa, ngati simukukonzekera kusonkhanitsa mbewu.
Kodi kuthirira kumapereka chiyani
Mutabzala, scrubber imasowa madzi okwanira nthawi zonse. Chomera chachikulu chimakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu kwambiri, yomwe imatha kupatsa chomera popanda chinyezi. Komabe, m'pofunika kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wa nthaka, m'nyengo youma vatochnik ayenera kuthiriridwa madzulo.
Nthawi komanso momwe mungadyetse
Kumayambiriro kwa masika, chisanu chikachoka kumera komwe mbewu zimamera, nkofunika kuyeretsa zinthu zomwe zomerazo zinkaphimba m'nyengo yozizira, izi zidzathandiza kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono.
Pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa mphukira zobiriwira kumatha kubzalidwa ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza, kuzibweretsa mwachindunji mu nthaka. Zimathandizira kukula kwa zimayambira ndi masamba, komanso zimapangitsa kuti vatochnika ikhale yotentha m'chilimwe.
Zingatheke ndi kukula
Ndilimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nthawi zambiri chitsamba chake chimatha kukwera ndege yochepa - whiteflyomwe amadyetsa madzi ake, omwe angapangitse kuti awonongeke. Chotsani tizilombo tingakhale mankhwala "Fufanon" "Rovikurt" kapena "Aktellik", yokonzedwa molingana ndi malangizo.
Vuto lina limene lingakhalepo mu vatochnik panthawi yobzala ndi kusamala ndizosafunikira mpweya chinyezi. Ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo, chomeracho chidzakhudzidwa ndi nkhungu, ndipo popanda chinyezi chokwanira, masambawo adzasanduka chikasu ndi kuyamba kugwa. Pachiyambi choyamba, nkofunika kuchepetsa mlingo wa chinyezi, ngati mmera kapena chomera mu mphika, ndiye chidebe ndi vatnik chiyenera kusunthira kumalo otayika, pamutu wachiwiri, kupopera mankhwala nthawi ndi nthawi kumathandiza.
Mukudziwa? Zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimapezeka pa mbewu za Asklepias zimatsitsa chinyezi: "ubweya wa thonje" uwu unkagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga jekete za moyo.
Pogona m'nyengo yozizira
Kuti chipululu chikukula mumapangidwe anu kuti muwone bwino komanso mu nyengo yotsatira kukondwera ndi chitsamba chake chokwanira, chiyenera kupereka malo ogona. Masamba owuma ndi oyenera malo ogona, ena amalima amagwiritsa ntchito mchimake ndi utuchi kapena makungwa a mitengo. Musanayambe kubwerera m'nyengo yozizira, ndi bwino kudula mphukira pamtunda wa masentimita 10 kuchokera pansi, izi zidzakongoletsa kukongola kwa chiwembucho, ndipo kudula zimayambira ndizofunika.
